Effects of ginsenoside on large-conductance K_Ca channels in human corporal smooth muscle cells

Sung, H H,Chae, M R,So, I,Jeon, J-H,Park, J K,Lee, S W Macmillan Publishers Limited 2011 International journal of impotence research Vol.23 No.5

Ginseng was known to be an effective natural product that enhances penile erection. However, the precise biological function and mechanisms of action of ginseng with regard to erectile function remain unknown. The principal objective of this study was to identify ginsenoside (principal molecular ingredients of ginseng)-induced activation of large-conductance K<SUB>Ca</SUB> channel in human corporal smooth muscle cells, and to determine ginseng's mechanism of action on penile erection. Electrophysiological studies using cultured human corporal smooth muscle cells were conducted. We evaluated the effects of total ginsenosides (TGS) and ginsenoside Rg3 on large-conductance K<SUB>Ca</SUB> channel by determining whole-cell currents and single-channel activities. There was an increase in outward current dependent on TGS concentration (at +60 mV, 1 μg ml<SUP>−1</SUP>; 168.3±59.3%, n=6, P<0.05, 10 μg ml<SUP>−1</SUP>; 173.2±36.8%, n=4, P<0.05, 50 μg ml<SUP>−1</SUP>; 295.3±62.3%, n=19, P<0.001, 100 μg ml<SUP>−1</SUP>; and 462.3±97.1%, n=5, P<0.001) and Rg3 concentration (at +60 mV, 1 μM (0.78 μg ml<SUP>−1</SUP>); 222.8±64.8%, n=11, P<0.0001, 10 μM; 672.6±137.1%, n=10, P<0.0001, 50 μM; and 1713.3±234.7%, n=15, P<0.001) in the solution that was blocked completely by tetraethylammonium (TEA). Channel opening in cell-attached mode and channel activity in the inside-out membrane patches was also increased significantly by 50 μg of TGS or 10 μM of Rg3. The results of this study suggested that the activation of large-conductance K<SUB>Ca</SUB> channels by ginsenoside could be one mechanism of ginsenoside-induced relaxation in corporal smooth muscle.

Local structures and electronic band states of α−Fe2O3 polycrystalline particles in the glazes of the HIZEN celadons produced in the Edo period of Japan, by means of X-ray absorption spectra (II)

Hidaka, M.,Ohashi, K.,Wijesundera, R. P.,Kumara, L. S. R.,Sugihara, S.,Momoshima, N.,Kubuki, S.,Sung, N. E. SciELO 2011 Cerâmica Vol.57 No.342

<▼1><P>HIZEN celadon glazes produced in 1630's to 1790's (Edo period, Japan) have been investigated by means of X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) near a Fe-K edge by using synchrotron radiation and a Mössbauer spectrum. The XAS suggest that the local structure around Fe2O3 fine powders is slightly different between the Izumiyama ceramics of mainly the Quartz-SiO2 and Ohkawachi ceramics of mainly the feldspar of (K,Na)Si3O8 (Sanidine), and that the glazes of the HIZEN celadons include the Fe2O3 fine powders in the glassy state, though the X-ray diffraction patterns of the glassy celadon glazes do not show any peaks of the Fe2O3 structure. The Mössbauer spectrum suggests that the celadon glaze of Seiji (m) includes only Fe3+ ions, but not Fe2+ ions. This indicates the existence of Fe2O3 in the celadon glaze. It is interpreted that the colored brightness of the HIZEN celadons is induced by the structural properties of the used raw celadon ceramics and the other transition-metal ions of Cr, Cu, Zn in the celadon glazes, but not by the chemical reaction from Fe2O3 to FeO under the deoxidizing thermal treatment at higher temperature in a kiln.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Esmaltes de celadon Hizen produzidos dos anos 1630 a 1790 (período Edo, Japão) foram investigados por meio de espectros de absorção de raios X (XAS) próximos da linha Fe-K usando radiação síncrotron e espectro Mossbaues. Os resultados de XAS sugerem que a estrutura local em pós finos de Fe2O3 é levemente diferente entre as cerâmicas Izumiyama principalmente o quartzo e cerâmicas Ohkawachi principalmente do feldspato (K,Na)Si3O8 (Sanidine), e que os esmaltes dos celadons Hizen incluem finos pós de Fe2O3 no estado vítreo, embora os difratogramas de raios X dos esmaltes celadon não mostrem picos da estrutura do Fe2O3. O espectro Mossbauer sugere que os esmaltes celadon de Seiji (m) incluem somente íons Fe3+, mas não Fe2+. Isto indica a existência de Fe2O3 no esmalte celadon. É feita a interpretação que o brilho nas cores dos celadons Hizen é induzido pelas propriedades estruturais das cerâmicas básicas de celadon e os outros metais de transição Cr, Cu, Zn nos esmaltes celadon, mas não pela reação química entre Fe2O3 para FeO sob tratamento térmico desoxidante em forno a altas temperaturas.</P></▼2>

유우개량을 위한 유단백질의 유전적 다형에 관한 연구 Ⅰ. αS1 - Casein 및 K - Casein 의 유전적 변이체

한상기(Sang K . Han),이기만(Khy M . Lee),정의용(Eui Y . Chung),장경진(Kyung J . Jang) 한국축산학회 1984 한국축산학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Genetic variants of αs₁-casein (αs₁-Cn) and K-casein (k-Cn) in milk proteins from 138 individual Holstein cattle in Korea were investigated by means of strach-gel-urea electrophoresis and the appearance of phenotypes, gene frequencies and genetic similarities were compared with those of foreign Holstein and of her breeds. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The milk proteins in cattle were controlled by codominant autosomal allelic genes of 9αs₁-Cn^A and αs₁-Cn^B(2 types), and K-Cn^A and K-Cn^B (2 types). 2. The distribution of phenotypes in each milk protein loci was αs₁-Cn BB 124, BC 14; K-Cn AA 76 Ab 49, BB 13. The number of phenotypes coxesponded closely to expectation of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (αs₁-Cn:0.7 $gt;P$gt;0.5, k-Cn;0.7$gt;P$gt;0.5). 3. Gene frequencies for genetic variants of the milk protein loci were analyzed. By the predominant allele in αs₁-Cn was αs₁-Cn B with a frequency of 0.949, whereas αs₁-CnC was in low gene frequency (0.051). Among the two alleles for K-Cn, K-Cn A gene showed to occur in high frequency (0.728). However, the Kin B was in low gene frequency (0.272).

사료내 지방산 조성이 등지방 두께 및 돼지 혈액의 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향

성기승,이무하,김윤지,강통삼,신대근,권찬호 한국축산학회 1999 한국축산학회지 Vol.41 No.1

The effects of feeding isofat (8%) diets with different ratios of ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9 unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were investigated to evaluate the accumulation of UFA in blood and growth rate of pigs. Landrace x Yorkshire x Large white crossbred pigs(36 heads) weighing 70㎏ on the average were randomly assigned to 5 treatments and a control. Each of animals was fed a diet with the different ω-fatty acid ratio for about 46 days, reaching 110㎏ of body weight. Dietary fat content was 8% and ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9 UFA ratios were divided to 5 groups(1:1.5:2, 1:2:3, 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:3:1). Average body weight gain and feed efficiency of the pigs were not influenced by the dietary ω-UFA ratio. But back fat thickness was influenced by the ratios in the end of the point(P$lt; 0.05). In the C treatment fed diet that the ratio of ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9 UFA was 1 : 1 :1, back fat thickness was the thickest as 21.00±2.10mm. But in D treatment fed diet containing ω-3, ω-6 and w-9 UFA was 1:2:1, back fat thickness(17.40±1.52mm) was thinner than other treatments. Correlations of saturated fatty acid(SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA), ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9 fatty acid were examined between blood and diet. Positive correlation was shown in PUFA, ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acid ratio between blood and diet(P$lt; 0.01) and in PUFA/SFA between blood and diet(P$lt; 0.05). In this study, as the PUFA increased in diet the MUFA decreased in blood and as the ω-3 fatty acid increased in diet the ω-6 fatty acid decreased in blood because ω-3 fatty acid increased in blood.

MgO, MnO₂첨가에 따른 Ba_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)TiO₃ceramics의 미세구조와 유전 특성 변화

임성민,홍석민,박흥진,김옥경 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 1999 이학기술연구지 Vol.1 No.-

(Ba,Sr)TiO₃ceramics에 MgO, MnO₂를 첨가하였을 때 나타나는 미세구조의 변화와 유전 특성변화를 관찰하였다. MgO 0.3 mol%부터 Mg 이온과 Ti이온의 치환이 일어나기 시작하여 0.7 mol%까지 계속 치환이 이루어지다가 그 이상에서는 더 이상의 치환이 이루어지지 않는 것을 XRD측정 결과 알 수 있었고, 치환에 으해 상전이 온도가 저온쪽으로 이동하였다. MgO는 (Ba,Sr)TiO₃의 grain 성장을 억제하는 inhibitor로 작용하고, MnO₂는 (Ba,Sr)TiO₃의 미세구조에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. MgO를 첨가함에 따라 grain 의 이상성장이 억제되고 grain size의 uniformity가 증가하여 유전상수가 증가하는 경향을 나타내다가 MgO 0.7 mol% 이상에서는 grain의 성장이 너무 억제되어 유전상수가 감소하였다. MnO₂첨가에 따른 변하는, 0.03 mol%에서 유전상수가 크게 증가하고 그 이상에서는 융점이 낮은 MnO₂가 grain boundary 영역에 liquid phase로 존재하며 불순물의 역할을 하기 때문에 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. The effects of MgO, MnO₂doping on the microstructures and dielectric properties of Ba_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)TiO₃ceramics were studied. From MgO 0.3 mol% to 0.7 mol% , replacement Ti ions by Mg ions happened, which confirmed by XRD. Decreasing of Curie temperature results from replacement of Ti ions by Mg ions. MgO acts as a inhibitor in (Ba,Sr)TiO₃and MnO₂does not affect on microstructures. We had maximum dielectric constant MgO 0.3 mol%, and dielectric constant decreased above MgO 0.70.3 mol% because grain growth reduced under 1 ㎛. MnO₂doped Ba_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)TiO₃exhibits maximum dielectric constand and minimum dielectric loss at MnO₂0.03 mol%, and dielectric loss at MnO₂0.03 mol% decreased as frequency increased.

농산물 및 식품가공기계/저온저장고 내부의 균일한 온도분포를 위한 3차원 공기유동 분석

조성인,성제중,고학균,양길모 한국농업기계학회 2000 바이오시스템공학 Vol.25 No.4

약(葯)배양 기법 이용한 이탈리안 라이그라스 식물체 생산

김기용,강경민,최기준,임용우,장요순,성병렬,손대영,이병현,조진기 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2002 No.-

We obtained regenerated Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) plants by anther culture. When Italian ryegrass anther was incubated for 20 days on callus induction medium, MS medium containing 30 g/ℓ of NAA and 1 mg/ℓ of kinetin its callus was induced. The ratio of callus induction was 9.2 %, the mean of callus weight was 8.6 mg/callus/anther. When Italian ryegrass callus was incubated for 50 days on plant regeneration medium, MS medium containing 30 g/ℓ of sucrose, 1 mg/ℓ of NAA and 2 mg/ℓ of kinetin, Italian ryegrass plant was regenerated. The ratio of plant regeneration was 26%.

Association between HSP70 Genotypes and Oocytes Development on In vitro Maturation/Fertilization in Pig

Wee, M.S.,Park, C.K.,Cho, S.R.,Lee, S.S.,Yeon, S.H.,Kim, C.D.,Cho, C.Y.,Choi, S.H.,Sang, B.D.,Son, D.S.,Li, Z.D.,Jin, H.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.10

This study was performed to clarify whether the variation of stress related heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) (GenBank X68213) gene was associated with the nuclear morphological change of in vitro maturation and in vitro capacitation in oocytes of pig ovaries obtained at the slaughterhouse. The nucleic acid substitution of C to G at the 483rd position was found out in HSP70 K1 (290-512) from X68213. The ovaries were categorized into CC, CG, and GG genotypes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) (BsiHKA I). After the second in vitro maturation of immature fresh oocytes, the relation of nuclear morphological change in oocytes with the genotype of HSP70 K1 gene was such that the MII ratios of the genotype GG and CG (46.93% and 42.20%, respectively) were significantly higher than that of the CC genotype (10.71%) (p<0.05). With respect to in vitro maturation of frozen-thawed oocytes by an open pulled straw (OPS) method, the percentage of oocytes matured to MII stage of the CG genotype showed a higher trend than CC and GG genotypes. After the in vitro maturation of immature fresh oocytes and frozen-thawed oocytes by the OPS method, the relation of the pronuclei change in oocytes matured in vitro with HSP70 genotype was assessed, and the result showed that the enlarged sperm heads (ESH) of matured fresh oocytes and frozen-thawed oocytes were 80.0% and 60.0% in the CC genotype, respectively. The CC genotype group had a significantly higher rate of ESH than the CG and the GG genotype group (p<0.05). The ratios of polyspermic invasion were not different among HSP70 of the three genotypes. It was considered that the rate of in vitro maturation of fertilized oocytes was expected to differ according to genotype of the stress related gene.

頸部淋巴節의 病理組織學的 檢索 : An Analysis of 347 Biopsies

李尙國,李亨默,池堤根,崔信恩 醫藥係社 1965 綜合 醫學 Vol.10 No.10

PLU를 이용한 상장사명 음성인식시스템 구현

김민수,권영헌,양성일,이건상 漢陽大學校 工學技術硏究所 2001 工學技術論文集 Vol.10 No.-

본 논문은 문맥 종속형 유사음소 단위모델에 기반한 725개 상장사 명의 인식 시스템을 구현하였다. 특징벡터로 12차 MFCC와 에너지 그리고 각각의 1차 및 2차 미분계수를 구하여 총 39차의 특징벡터를 사용하였다. 실험결과 이중음소의 인식률이 단일음소에 비해 20(%)의 향상된 인식률을 나타내었다. In this paper, We studied and carried out an experiment on speech recognition of 725 firms having listed stocks. Total 39-feature vectors from 12-MFCC, energy and their delta and delta-delta parameter were used respectively. As a result, experiment about the word recognition shows that the diphone models would have 20(%) better performance than monophones.