The Indosinian collision-extension event between the South China Block and the Palaeo-Pacific plate: Evidence from Indosinian alkaline granitic rocks in Dashuang, eastern Zhejiang, South China

Mao, J.,Ye, H.,Liu, K.,Li, Z.,Takahashi, Y.,Zhao, X.,Kee, W.S. Universitetsforlaget ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2013 Lithos Vol.172 No.-

This study reports on the first comprehensive analysis of the geology, petrology and origin of the Dashuang pluton in Jinhua, eastern Zhejiang, South China, which is predominantly composed of quartz monzonite and subordinate quartz syenite that includes variable amounts of aegirine-augite. The quartz monzonite has a porphyritic texture defined by K-feldspar phenocrysts, whereas the quartz syenite shows considerable variation in grain size and is categorised into fine- and coarse-grained types. Zircons from the quartz monzonite and fine-grained quartz syenite yield LA-MC-ICP-MS (laser ablation-multi-collector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) U-Pb ages of 231.60+/-0.86Ma and 231.7+/-1.1Ma, respectively, indicating crystallisation in the Middle Triassic. The chemistry of the quartz monzonite indicates a calc-alkaline to alkaline evolutionary trend, which may reflect partial melting of upper mantle contaminated by Proterozoic basement rocks, subjected to fractional crystallisation during ascent. Both the fine- and coarse-grained quartz syenites are alkaline and have high rare earth element (REE) concentrations, especially light rare earth elements (LREE), and are relatively enriched in large ion lithosphere elements (LILE). The Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and NaO<SUB>2</SUB> contents of the quartz syenite increase proportionally with SiO<SUB>2</SUB>, owing to greater amounts of aegirine-augite and feldspar. The fine-grained quartz syenite has the lowest initial <SUP>87</SUP>Sr/<SUP>86</SUP>Sr ratio and lowest Nd model age, and the highest ε<SUB>Nd</SUB> value compared with the quartz monzonite. The quartz syenite compositions are best explained by fractional crystallisation of an enriched mantle-derived alkaline magma. Slight chemical variations result from source heterogeneities, as well as the spatially variable degrees of melting, assimilation, and other factors. Our new age and geochemical data for the alkaline rocks in eastern Zhejiang, considered together with collisional granites from South Korea, support a history of collision and extension between the Palaeo-Pacific plate and the South China Block during the Indosinian. We use these data to refine the geodynamic model for Indosinian multi-plate convergence in South China.

A Cognition-inspired System for Data Stream Clustering

Zhaoyang Sun,K. Z. Mao,Wenyin Tang,Lee-Onn Mak,Kuitong Xian,Ying Liu 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.8

In applications such as target detection, domain knowledge of sensed data is often available. In this paper, we incorporate the available domain knowledge into clustering process and develop a knowledge-driven Mahalanobis distance-based ART (adaptive resonance theory) clustering algorithm. The strength of the knowledge-driven algorithm is that it can automatically determine the number of clusters with improved clustering results. The validity of the new algorithm has been verified on four artificial datasets. In addition, the algorithm has been adopted in our cognition-inspired system for clustering data stream, where known target library and dispersion of feature or attributes are available. The basic idea of this system is to divide data stream into frames, and to incorporate knowledge learned in previous frames into clustering of the following ones. Experimental studies have demonstrated that the evolving learning mechanism leads to improved clustering results compared with conventional incremental clustering algorithm Fuzzy ART and batch-based clustering algorithm k-means.

Photosynthesis and nitrogen allocation in needles in the sun and shade crowns of hybrid larch saplings: effect of nitrogen application

Mao, Q. Z.,Watanabe, M.,Imori, M.,Kim, Y. S.,Kita, K.,Koike, T. Springer-Verlag 2012 Photosynthetica Vol.50 No.3

A Comparison of Two Kinds of Markers Applied in Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Sheep and Goat Populations

Yang, Z.P.,Chang, H.,Sun, W.,Gen, R.Q.,Mao, Y.J.,Tsunoda, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.7

A genetic examination using 14 structural loci and 7 microsatellite markers was carried out among random samples of Hu sheep (Hu), Tong sheep (Tong) and Yantse River Delta White goat (YRD); The mean heterozygosity (H), mean polymorphism information contents (PIC) and mean effective numbers of alleles (Ne) calculated based on the data from the above two types of genetic markers were compared. The standard genetic distances among the three populations based on two types of gene frequencies were calculated and compared. The results show that the mean heterozygosity (H), mean polymorphism information contents (PIC) and mean effective numbers of alleles (Ne) based on 7 microsatellite markers are greater than those based on the structural loci. The standard genetic distances based on structural loci among the three populations are: 0.0268-0.2487, the standard genetic distances based on microsatellite markers are: 0.2321-1.2313. The study indicates that structural and microsatellite markers reflect the genetic variation of the three populations consistently: Tong>Hu>YRD. The differentiation between related species or interpopulations can be expressed more effectively by microsatellite markers than structural markers. Oar FCB11, MAF33, Oar AE101, Oar FCB128 and OarFCB304 can be used as representative loci for research on genetic differentiation between sheep and goat.

Interactions of nitrogen supplying level and elevated CO₂ on Growth and Photosynthesis of Picea koraiensis Nakai seedlings

Wang Y.-J.,Mao Z.-J.,Park K.-W. 한국생물환경조절학회 2004 한국생물환경조절학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

To evaluate the biological and physiological response of Picea koraiensis Nakai to elevated CO₂ and nitrogen. 3-year old seedlings were planted in an ambient and 700 ppm CO₂ at low (2mM NH₄N0₃) or high nitrogen (l6mM NH₄NO₃) supplying treatments for 3 months. Photosynthetic parameters were measured monthly. Seedlings were harvested at monthly intervals and growth parameters of root system, stem and needle fractions were evaluated. The result showed that height of the seedlings grown at both of elevated CO₂× high nitrogen and elevated CO₂× low nitrogen supplying treatments increased significantly more than that of at ambient CO₂ treatments. Seedlings grown at elevated CO₂× high nitrogen produced more root biomass than at elevated CO₂× low nitrogen and ambient CO ₂× high nitrogen treatments. This result suggested that the root growth response of Picea koraiensis seedlings was greater in elevated CO₂× high nitrogen regime, which is very important for carbon sequestration in soil. Amaxof the seedlings grown at elevated CO₂× high nitrogen increased during the three months significantly, and Amaxof the seedlings grown at the other three treatments decreased significantly, suggesting that the interaction between elevated CO₂ and high nitrogen supplying stimulates the Amax of Picea koraiensis. Amax of the seedlings grown at elevated CO₂× low nitrogen showed higher than other three treatments in the first month of the experiment, but decreased in succedent two months, suggesting that elevated CO₂ promotes the photosynthesis of the seedlings. However long term growth in elevated CO₂× low nitrogen supplying condition resulted in an acclimatory decreased in leaf photosynthesis.

Creep effects on dynamic behavior of concrete filled steel tube arch bridge

Y.S. Ma,Y.F. Wang,Z.K. Mao 국제구조공학회 2011 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.37 No.3

Long-term properties of concrete affect structures in many respects, not excepting dynamic behaviors. This paper investigates the influence of concrete creep on the dynamic behaviors of concrete filled steel tube (CFT) arch bridges, by means of combining the analytical method for the creep of axially compressed CFT members, which is based on Model B3 for concrete creep, with the finite element model of CFT arch bridges. By this approach, the changes of the stress and strain of each element in the bridge with time can be obtained and then transformed into damping and stiffness matrices in the dynamic equation involved in the finite element model at different times. A numerical example of a long-span halfthrough CFT arch bridge shows that creep influences the natural vibration characteristics and seismic responses of the bridge considerably, especially in the early age. In addition, parameter analysis demonstrates that concrete composition, compressive strength and steel ratio have an obvious effect on the seismic response of the CFT arch bridge.

Creep effects on dynamic behavior of concrete filled steel tube arch bridge

Ma, Y.S.,Wang, Y.F.,Mao, Z.K. Techno-Press 2011 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.37 No.3

Long-term properties of concrete affect structures in many respects, not excepting dynamic behaviors. This paper investigates the influence of concrete creep on the dynamic behaviors of concrete filled steel tube (CFT) arch bridges, by means of combining the analytical method for the creep of axially compressed CFT members, which is based on Model B3 for concrete creep, with the finite element model of CFT arch bridges. By this approach, the changes of the stress and strain of each element in the bridge with time can be obtained and then transformed into damping and stiffness matrices in the dynamic equation involved in the finite element model at different times. A numerical example of a long-span half-through CFT arch bridge shows that creep influences the natural vibration characteristics and seismic responses of the bridge considerably, especially in the early age. In addition, parameter analysis demonstrates that concrete composition, compressive strength and steel ratio have an obvious effect on the seismic response of the CFT arch bridge.

Development of the 3.7 GHz LHCD System on HL-2A

B. Lu,M. Huang,H. Zeng,X. Y. Bai,X. H. Mao,Z. H. Lu,J. Liang,Z. H. Kang,M. W. Wang,K. Feng,H. Wang,C. Wang,J. Q. Wang,S. Wei,T. Yao,Y. N. Bu,J. Feng,G. Y. Cheng,S. D. Song,D. H. Xia,J. Rao 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.8

A 2 MW-3.7 GHz lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system is under development for physicsexperiments on the HL-2A device. The RF Power is generated by four TH2103A klystron amplifiersand propagates in the TE10 mode through WR284 waveguides. The transmission lines with a lengthof 20 m to 30 m are pressurized with 2 bars of nitrogen to decrease the possibility of arcing. Thelauncher, based on the passive-active multi-junction (PAM) concept, has been developed and iscurrently being realized. It was designed for a power spectrum peaked at Nk = 2.75 with goodcoupling properties over a wide range of plasma parameters. The four klystrons are fed by ahigh-voltage power supply (HVPS) based on the pulse step modulation (PSM) concept with a fastswitch-off time of less than ten μs. This system is expected to be in operation within 1 years and willexplore many international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) related LH experiments inthe following years.

Surface segregation and oxidation of Pt₃Ni(111) alloys under oxygen environment

Lee, H.C.,Kim, B.M.,Jeong, C.K.,Toyoshima, R.,Kondoh, H.,Shimada, T.,Mase, K.,Mao, B.,Liu, Z.,Lee, H.,Huang, C.Q.,Li, W.X.,Ross, P.N.,Mun, B.S. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.260 No.-

<P>Utilizing ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS), the surface segregation and oxidation of Pt3Ni(1 1 1) alloys are investigated as a function of temperature and oxygen pressure. The in situ AP-XPS measurements of oxygen oxidation process show that the Pt 'skin' surface is not stable under the exposure of oxygen pressure of 100 mTorr at room temperature. As the temperature and pressure are elevated, the formations of Ni2O3, NiOx, and NiO are observed on surface while Pt atom starts to reduce its adsorbed oxygen, which is a clear sign of surface segregation of Ni to surface. Upon the evacuation of oxygen gas, i.e. ultrahigh vacuum condition, both of NiOx and NiO oxide get reduced and Ni2O3 remains on the surface. The DFT calculation is employed to explain the formation of surface oxides under oxidation condition. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Genetic Differentiation among Sheep Populations from Near-sea Mainland in East Asia

Lu, S.X.,Chang, H.,Du, L.,Tsunoda, K.,Ji, D.J.,Sun, W.,Yang, Z.P.,Chang, G.B.,Mao, Y.J.,Wang, Q.H.,Xu, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.10

Using the method of 'random sampling in typical colonies of the central area of the habitat', 60 Small-tailed Han sheep were obtained in Jining city, Shangdong province. The variations of Small-tailed Han sheep at 12 structural loci encoding blood proteins were detected by several electrophoresis techniques and their gene frequencies were then estimated. The same data of four other sheep populations from Near-sea Mainland in East Asia were cited for the analysis of genetic differentiation. The average heterozygosities of five populations, namely Kharkhorin sheep, Ulaanbaatar sheep, Small-tailed Han sheep, Hu sheep and Cham Tribe sheep were 0.3447, 0.3285, 0.3157, 0.3884 and 0.2300, respectively. The coefficient of gene differentiation among four populations, Kharkhorin sheep, Ulaanbaatar sheep, Small-tailed Han sheep and Hu sheep, was 0.045557, and that between these four breeds and Cham Tribe sheep was 0.088005, indicating that the level of gene differentiation among the former four sheep populations of Mongolian group was comparatively lower than that between Cham Tribe sheep and other four sheep populations. The origin of Cham Tribe sheep deserve further research. The documentary research on the evolution of Small-tailed Han sheep and Hu sheep from Mongolian sheep was further verified by the biochemical experiments in the study. It was reasonably deduced that Hu sheep, Small Tailed Han sheep and Cham Tribe sheep were decreasingly influenced by the bloodline of Mongolian sheep.