Urea와 K₂SO₄ 처리에 의한 복숭아 '미백도'에서 수확 시 과실의 무기성분 농도 및 과피색 변화

문병우,윤익구,문영지,남기웅,이영철,Moon, B.W.,Yoon, I.K.,Moon, Y.J.,Nam, K.W.,Lee, Y.C. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2013 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.15 No.1

This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of Urea and K₂SO₄ treatment at stone hardening stage and 20 days before harvest on soil chemical properties, mineral nutrient concentration and quality of 'Mibaekdo' fruit peach. K concentration after Urea and K₂SO₄ treatment in soil was increased significantly by Urea 162g+K₂SO₄ 188g/tree(standard amount) treatment at stone hardening stage, K₂SO₄ 1.0% tree-spray, Urea 81g+K₂SO₄ 94g/tree(half amount), Urea 162g+K₂SO₄ 188g/tree and Urea 324g+K₂SO₄ 376g/tree(double amount) soil treatment before harvest 20 days compared to control. T-N, K and Ca concentration in leaf was increased significantly by all treatment. but Na concentration in leaf was increased by Urea 0.5% and K₂SO₄ 1.0% tree-spray treatment before harvest 20 days. T-N concentration in fruit skin was increased significantly by standard amount soil treatment, which decreased by K₂SO₄ 1.0% tree-spray and half amount soil treatment. T-N, K and Ca concentration in fruit flesh(1~10mm depth flesh from peel) were increased markedly by all treatment excepted Urea 0.5% tree-spray. The leaf weight at harvest was increased markedly by Urea 0.5% tree-spray, standard amount and double amount treatment before harvest 20 days. Fruit weight was increased significantly by standard amount compared to all treatment. Red fruit skin(Hunter a value) progress was effective by K₂SO₄ tree-spray, half amount and double amount treatment before harvest 20 days. Fruit SSC was increased significantly by Urea 0.5% and K₂SO₄ tree-spray before harvest 20 days, standard amount treatment at stone hardening stage compared to control.

1H NMR Measurements of the Phase Transition of (NH₄)₃H(SO₄)₂ Single Crystals

S. H. Choi,Moohee Lee,Ae Ran Lim,K. S. Han,S. K. Kwon,S. K. Nam 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.2

$^1$H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments have been performed in the temperature range of 30 -- 300 K at 7 T to investigate the phase-dependent nature of the dynamic network of hydrogen bonds in a ((NH₄)₃H(SO₄)₂ single crystal. The crystal has six phases, which are ferroelectric, antiferroelectric, incommensurate, antiferroelectric, ferroelastic, and superionic with the respective transition temperatures of 63, 133, 139, 256 and 413 K. The spin-lattice relaxation time, T₁, of ¹H NMR is similar for the ammonium protons and the hydrogen-bond protons over the entire range of experimental temperatures. The T₁, of ¹H NMR gradually decreases down to 120 K and starts to steeply increase below 100 K. Then, the T₁ shows an abrupt decrease below 68 K with a sharp minimum at 63 K, where the ferroelectric transition occurs. The ¹H NMR spectrum shifts to the high-frequency side at temperatures below 63 K due to the ferroelectric phase transition. This behavior of the T₁ and the spectrum confirms a dramatic change in the dynamics of hydrogen bonds associated with the ferroelectric phase transition at 63 K. $^1$H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments have been performed in the temperature range of 30 -- 300 K at 7 T to investigate the phase-dependent nature of the dynamic network of hydrogen bonds in a ((NH₄)₃H(SO₄)₂ single crystal. The crystal has six phases, which are ferroelectric, antiferroelectric, incommensurate, antiferroelectric, ferroelastic, and superionic with the respective transition temperatures of 63, 133, 139, 256 and 413 K. The spin-lattice relaxation time, T₁, of ¹H NMR is similar for the ammonium protons and the hydrogen-bond protons over the entire range of experimental temperatures. The T₁, of ¹H NMR gradually decreases down to 120 K and starts to steeply increase below 100 K. Then, the T₁ shows an abrupt decrease below 68 K with a sharp minimum at 63 K, where the ferroelectric transition occurs. The ¹H NMR spectrum shifts to the high-frequency side at temperatures below 63 K due to the ferroelectric phase transition. This behavior of the T₁ and the spectrum confirms a dramatic change in the dynamics of hydrogen bonds associated with the ferroelectric phase transition at 63 K.

Solubility of oxcarbazepine in eight solvents within the temperature range T=(288.15-308.15)K

Nam, K.,Ha, E.S.,Kim, J.S.,Kuk, D.H.,Ha, D.H.,Kim, M.S.,Cho, C.W.,Hwang, S.J. Academic Press 2017 The Journal of chemical thermodynamics Vol.104 No.-

In this study, the solubility of oxcarbazepine in pure methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran was analysed across the temperature range of 288.15-308.15K under atmospheric pressure by using a solid-liquid equilibrium method. The experimental values obtained data were correlated using the modified Apelblat model at each temperature. The mole fraction solubility of oxcarbazepine in all eight pure solvents increased gradually in a temperature-dependent manner. The highest mole fraction solubility of 3.08x10<SUP>-3</SUP> at 308.15K was observed for tetrahydrofuran, followed by acetone (1.82x10<SUP>-3</SUP> at 308.15K), acetonitrile (1.22x10<SUP>-3</SUP> at 308.15K), methanol (1.11x10<SUP>-3</SUP> at 308.15K), ethanol (6.17x10<SUP>-4</SUP> at 308.15K), 1-butanol (6.17x10<SUP>-4</SUP> at 308.15K), 1-propanol (6.16x10<SUP>-4</SUP> at 308.15K), and 2-propanol (4.13x10<SUP>-4</SUP> at 308.15K). The experimental solubility in all solvents correlated well with that calculated using the modified Apelblat equation across the temperature range of (288.15-308.15)K. Therefore, the experimental solubility and correlation equations established in this study could be useful during the crystallization/purification, pre-formulation, and formulation stages of oxcarbazepine production in laboratories and related industries.

[ $^1H$ ] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Ferroelectric $(NH_4)_3H(SO_4)_2$

Choi, S.H.,Han, K.S.,Kwon, S.K.,Nam, S.K.,Choi, H.H.,Lee, Moo-Hee,Lim, Ae-Ran Korean Magnetic Resonance Society 2007 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.11 No.2

[ $^1H$ ] nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments have been performed at 30 - 300 K and 7 T to investigate dynamics of hydrogen bond network in the single crystal $(NH_4)_3H(SO_4)_2$. The two proton sites, ammonium proton and hydrogen-bond proton, are identified from the $^1H$ NMR MAS spectrum at 340 K. As temperature decreases, the $^1H$ NMR spectrum shifts to the higher frequency side with a larger linewidth. The spectrum at 65 K shows a distinctive change in line shape toward the ferroelectric transition at 63 K. The measured values of $T_1$ for ammonium and hydrogen-bond protons are similar in the whole range of temperature. $T_1$ of $^1H$ NMR shows a gradual decrease down to 120 K and starts to steeply increase below 100 K. Then $T_1$ shows abrupt decrease below 70 K with a sharp minimum at 63 K, where the ferroelectric transition occurs. This temperature dependence of spectrum and $T_1$ clearly prove that the large change in the dynamics of hydrogen bond network is associated with the ferroelectric phase transition at 63 K.

1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance study of Ferroelectric (NH4)3H(SO4)2

S. H. Choi,K. S. Han,S. K. Kwon,S. K. Nam,H. H. Choi,Moohee Lee,Ae Ran Lim 한국자기공명학회 2007 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.11 No.2

1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments have been performed at 30 - 300 K and 7 T to investigate dynamics of hydrogen bond network in the single crystal (NH4)3H(SO4)2. The two proton sites, ammonium proton and hydrogen-bond proton, are identified from the 1H NMR MAS spectrum at 340 K. As temperature decreases, the 1H NMR spectrum shifts to the higher frequency side with a larger linewidth. The spectrum at 65 K shows a distinctive change in line shape toward the ferroelectric transition at 63 K. The measured values of T1 for ammonium and hydrogen-bond protons are similar in the whole range of temperature. T1 of 1H NMR shows a gradual decrease down to 120 K and starts to steeply increase below 100 K. Then T1 shows abrupt decrease below 70 K with a sharp minimum at 63 K, where the ferroelectric transition occurs. This temperature dependence of spectrum and T1 clearly prove that the large change in the dynamics of hydrogen bond network is associated with the ferroelectric phase transition at 63 K.

煙草赤星病과 施肥量과의 關係에 關한 硏究

南基桓,沈在燮 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1974 煙草硏究 Vol.2 No.-

This experiment was carried out in order to observe the effects three elements of fertilizer(N.,P.,K.,) on the infection of tobacco brown spot disease. The plots were designed by split plot method with 8 treatment (A: check, B: 50% added applied N., P. and K., C: 50% subatracted applied three elements., D: 50% added applied N., E: 50% added applied P., F: 50% added applied P., G: no applied P., G: an applied P: and H: no applied P.). Check is N 14kg P2O5 21kg and K3O 28kg per 10 are respectively. Y.S.A was employed for sample variety and transplanted on 15 May. The results obtained as follow; 1) There were no differences among the plots (treatments) during the early growing stages. 2) The plot of 1½N, no K. and 1½N.P.K. have shown larger number of lesions than the check respectively. 3) The plot of 1/2 N.P.K.(C), 1½K(F), and no P.(G) have shown almost no differences in the rate of disease occurence as compared with check (A). In conclusion, excess application of N. and defficiency of K. seemed to be related with tobacco brown spot disease infection.

Y₂O₃ 첨가량에 의한 Al₂O₃ 복합재 세라믹스의 균열 치유와 고온 굽힘강도 특성

남기우(K. W. Nam),김해숙(H. S. Kim),손창석(C. S. Son),김성광(S. K. Kim),안석환(S. H. Ahn) 대한기계학회 2007 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.31 No.11

The four kinds of Al₂O₃ composite ceramics were prepared using a mixture of 85 wt.% Al₂O₃ (mean size 0.5 ㎛), 15 wt.% SiC powder with Y₂O₃ as an additive powder (0, 1, 3 and 5 wt.%). The crack-healing strengths were studied as functions of crack-healing temperature and amount of Y₂O₃. The in-situ crack-healing behavior was observed at 1,573 K for 1 h in the air. The heat treated specimen with 3 wt.% of Y₂O₃ showed better crack-healing ability than specimen with 1 or 5 wt.% of Y₂O₃. In case of specimen with 3 wt.% of Y₂O₃, the bending strength of the crack-healed specimen at 1,473 K was recovered to the bending strength of smooth specimen treated at 1573 K. The heat-resistance limit temperature of Al₂O₃ composite ceramics was 1,073 K, 1,373 K, 873 K for the specimen with 1, 3, 5 wt.% of Y₂O₃.

Molecular characterization of an aldo-keto reductase from Marivirga tractuosa that converts retinal to retinol

Hong, S.H.,Nam, H.K.,Kim, K.R.,Kim, S.W.,Oh, D.K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2014 Journal of biotechnology Vol.169 No.-

A recombinant aldo-keto reductase (AKR) from Marivirga tractuosa was purified with a specific activity of 0.32unitml<SUP>-1</SUP> for all-trans-retinal with a 72kDa dimer. The enzyme had substrate specificity for aldehydes but not for alcohols, carbonyls, or monosaccharides. The enzyme turnover was the highest for benzaldehyde (k<SUB>cat</SUB>=446min<SUP>-1</SUP>), whereas the affinity and catalytic efficiency were the highest for all-trans-retinal (K<SUB>m</SUB>=48μM, k<SUB>cat</SUB>/K<SUB>m</SUB>=427mM<SUP>-1</SUP>min<SUP>-1</SUP>) among the tested substrates. The optimal reaction conditions for the production of all-trans-retinol from all-trans-retinal by M. tractuosa AKR were pH 7.5, 30<SUP>o</SUP>C, 5% (v/v) methanol, 1% (w/v) hydroquinone, 10mM NADPH, 1710mgl<SUP>-1</SUP> all-trans-retinal, and 3unitml<SUP>-1</SUP> enzyme. Under these optimized conditions, the enzyme produced 1090mgml<SUP>-1</SUP> all-trans-retinol, with a conversion yield of 64% (w/w) and a volumetric productivity of 818mgl<SUP>-1</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP>. AKR from M. tractuosa showed no activity for all-trans-retinol using NADP<SUP>+</SUP> as a cofactor, whereas human AKR exhibited activity. When the cofactor-binding residues (Ala158, Lys212, and Gln270) of M. tractuosa AKR were changed to the corresponding residues of human AKR (Ser160, Pro212, and Glu272), the A158S and Q270E variants exhibited activity for all-trans-retinol. Thus, amino acids at positions 158 and 270 of M. tractuosa AKR are determinant residues of the activity for all-trans-retinol.

葉煙草 病蟲害防除에 關한 硏究 : 2. 煙草 赤星病 發生에 미치는 肥料의 影響 The Effect of N. P and K on the Infection of Tobacco Brown Spot Disease

魯斗鉉,南基桓,沈在燮 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1971 煙草硏究 Vol.1 No.-

This experiment was a split-plot design of 8 treatment with a combination of 3 levels of N, P and K fertilizers and 4 levels of 50% increase, 50% decrease, nullity and standard dressing (N:14, P:21, and K:28 per 10acr) per 8m2. Y.S.A was selected as a sample variety. The experiment plots were properly managed in accordance with the standard practices employed in the local tobacco fields. The results obtained are as follows: 1.No difference was among the treatments during the early stages of the disease occurence. 2.1.5N plots, K deficiency plots and 1.5N, 1.5P and 1.5K plots have shown the larger number of lesions than those of the standard plots. 3.1/2N, 1/2P and 1/2K plots, 1.5P plots, 1.5K plots and P deficiency plots showed almost no difference in the rate of disease occurence as compared with standard plots. Therefore, excess of N and K deficiency of fertilizers seemed to be closely related with tobacco brown spot disease infection.

Differential modulation of TWIK-related K⁺ channel (TREK) and TWIK-related acid-sensitive K⁺ channel 2 (TASK2) activity by pyrazole compounds

Kim, H.J.,Woo, J.,Nam, Y.,Nam, J.H.,Kim, W.K. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 european journal of pharmacology Vol.791 No.-

<P>Pyrazole derivatives were originally suggested as selective blockers of the transient receptor potential cation 3 (TRPC3) and channel. In particular, pyr3 and 10 selectively inhibit TRPC3, whereas pyr2 (BTP2) and 6 inhibit ORAI1. However, their effects on background K+ channel activity have not been elucidated. In this study, the effects of BTP2, pyr3, pyr6, and pyr10 were studied on cloned human TWIK-related K+ channels (TREKs) and TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ channel 2 (TASK-2) channels, which modulate Ca2+ signaling by controlling membrane potential, in HEK293T-overexpressing cells by using a whole-cell patch clamp technique. Pyr3 potently inhibited TREK-1 (I-TREK1), TREK-2 (I-TREK2), and TASK2 current (ITASK-2) with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.89 +/- 0.27, 1.95 +/- 1.44, and 2.42 +/- 0.39 mu M, respectively. BTP2 slightly inhibited ITASK-2 (80.3 +/- 2.5% at 100 mu M). In contrast, pyr6 at 100 mu M potentiated I-TREK1 and I-TREK2 by approximately 2.6- and 3.6-fold compared to the control and inhibited I-TASK2 (38.7 +/- 9.2%). Pyr10 showed a subtype-specific inhibition of I-TREK1 but not I-TREK2. It also inhibited I-TASK2 (70.9 +/- 3.1% at 100 mu M). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the differential modulation of TREKs and TASK2 channels by pyrazole derivatives, previously used as inhibitors of TRPC3 and ORAI1. Therefore, studies using these drugs should consider their modulation of other channels such as TREK and TASK-2.</P>