A Comparative Study of Compliment Responses between Chinese and Korean EFL Learners

Zhang, In-Jun 부산외국어대학교 외국어연구소 2021 외국어연구 Vol.34 No.-

This study focused on investigating the similarities and differences between Chinese and Korean L2 learners shows that there’s no universal pattern that can be used to describe the two groups’ CRs. Both the two groups response to compliments in the following preference sequence, Accept, Evade and Reject. As for micro levels, Chinese L2 learners made more use of Accept strategies while Korean L2 learners used Evade more. Due to different second language acquisition methods, Chinese L2 learners showed to have a more direct attitude towards accepting compliments. However, there are still some limitations in this study. First, the sample of participants is a little bit small. Based on Tang and Zhang’s study (2009), there are people who prefer to use Reject. However, in this study, there were no Reject responses among all the Chinese L2 learners’ replies. This, to some degree, may influence the results and comparative analyses of the two groups. Second, before the DCT, the background survey asked the participants whether they had experiences of being in English speaking countries and why they came there. However, this variable is not analyzed in the study. Since there is no standard criterion for personal experience, it’s difficult to know how much personal experience will influence participants’ expressions. Finally, although the DCT is designed as short as possible, it’s undeniable that it still takes participants some time to finish it. Whether the participant expresses all he/she wants to or not is hard to know and this is also a possible variable that has influences on the experimental data. Further research on the CRs of Chinese L2 learners and Korean L2 learners needs a more sophisticated and accurate experiment design and I hope this study, though imperfect, can be of some help to relevant research. Key words: EFL. compliment response, speech act

객체 관계형 데이타베이스 관리 시스템을 이용한 디지털 앨범의 설계 및 구현

이준서,장염승,한기준 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 2000 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.25 No.-

As the storage capacity of a computer system is rapidly increasing and the cost of computer hardware is decreasing continuously, users can easily manage multimedia data on the personal computer. Especially, various image view programs are widely used to manage image files at the present time. However, since most of these programs do not use a database management system(DBMS), it is very difficult for users to use them efficiently. In this paper, we designed and implemented a Digital Album by using an object-relational database management system, called PARODY(Persistent, Almost, Relational Object Database sYstem) that implements a persistent object database with a relatively simple interface to its C++ class library. Since PARODY is used as a data storage manager of the Digital Album, users can manage(i.e., insert, update, and delete) an image database and search for the required image data from the image database easily. In addition, we use OWL(Object Windows Library) of Borland C++ to implement the user interface of the Digital Album efficiently.

論中國傳統企業效率問題

康 埈 荣,张守鑫 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 中國硏究所 2005 中國硏究 Vol.35 No.-

A New ent-Kaurane type Diterpenoid Glycoside from Inula japonica Thunb

Jiang Jiang Qin,Jia Xian Zhu,Wei Dong Zhang1,2,Yan Zhu,Jian Jun Fu,Xiao Hua Liu,Hui Zi Jin 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.10

A new ent-kaurane type diterpenoid glycoside, 17-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-16α-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (1), together with 17-hydroxy-16α-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (2), 16α,17-dihydroxyl-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (3), and 16α-hydroxy-17-acetoxy-ent- kauran-19-oic acid (4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Inula japonica Thunb. The structure of 1 was determined mainly by use of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques including HSQC, 1H-1H COSY, HMBC, and NOESY. In addition, 4 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 value of 14.3 μg/mL.

Anomalous magnetization jumps in granular Pb superconducting films

Zhang An-Lei,Jiang Wan-Yan,Chen Xing-Hong,Zhang Xiao-Ke,Lu Wen-Lai,Chen Fei,Feng Zhen-Jie,Cao Shi-Xun,Zhang Jin-Cang,Ge Jun-Yi 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.35 No.-

In granular superconductors, the grain boundaries are closely related to the vortex dynamics and the macroscopic superconducting properties. In our research, Pb films with different grain sizes were prepared by tuning the substrate temperature. With the grain size decreasing, Pb films are prone to feature the anomalous magnetization jumps in the M − T curves, while in the M − H curves flux avalanche happens. Both phenomena appear in the same region of the H − T phase diagram and thus are considered to have the same origin. The further theoretical analysis shows that with grain size decreasing the pinning mechanism evolves from a mixed δTc and δl pinning to the δl pinning mechanism. The results shed light on the study of pinning mechanism for granular superconductors and is beneficial to the potential application of manipulating vortex pinning by regulation of intrinsic defects.

The New Generation of Information Technology Supports Legislative Modernization : The Goals, Strategies and Paths

Zhang Guang Jun,Zhang Xiang 원광대학교 한중관계연구원 2020 韓中關係硏究 Vol.6 No.2

현대사회에서 법치는 국가를 다스리는 기본이고, 입법은 법치의 핵심적 사항이다. 입법의 현대화는 국가통치체계와 통치능력을 극대화하는 중요한 기반이다. 그러나 전 통적 방식을 통한 입법과정은 입법정보의 수집 시간이 길고 비용이 많이 들어 입법정 보의 분석과 처리능력이 떨어져 효율성이 낮다. 또 입법의 전 과정에 민원의 의견을 반영하기 어려워 제정된 법률이 사회전반에 효과적으로 적용되지 못한다는 지적이 있 다. 특히, 이러한 방식은 입법의 과학화와 민주화가 부족하여 입법이 수동적이어서 과 학기술과 관련한 법률제정에 걸림돌로 작용한다. 오늘날은 인터넷, 빅데이터, 인공지능, 블록체인 등을 앞세운 차세대정보기술(ICT) 이 활발하게 발달함으로 인하여 분야의 경계를 허문 다양한 협력, 지식의 개방, 인간과 기계의 협력으로 발전하고 있는 추세이다. 이로 인해 입법과정에서 인민의 의견정보나 행위정보를 적시에 입법과정에서 활용할 수 있게 되어 사적자유와 공공민주를 실현할 수 있다. 하지만, 현재의 전통적 입법시스템은 그 응용범위가 매우 좁을 뿐만 아니라, 입법과정에 있어 입법정보의 수집, 분석, 처리의 전과정에 필요한 입법 인터넷 생태계 와 입법 빅데이터 플랫폼이 아직 효과적으로 구축되어 있지 않은 상태이다. 그리고 입법지식과 입법 블록체인기술 등의 충분한 인프라가 구성되지 않다. 본 연구에서는 과학적 이성과 법치적 이성의 융합에 기초하여, 입법현대화라는 개념 확립을 통해 차세대 정보기술을 통한 현대화 입법시스템 마련 방안을 제시하고자 한 다. 이에 전통적 입법방식이 가지고 있는 문제점을 분석하고, 차세대정보기술을 응용 한 현대입법원칙의 최적화 가능성을 검토하였다. 이를 통해 입법기관이 입법방법과 입법절차의 두 가지 측면에서 차세대정보기술을 적극적이고 적절하게 활용하여 입법 의 질과 효율성을 제고하고, 입법의 과학화 및 민주화 수준을 높이는데 도움이 될 것이 라 기대한다. The rule of law is the basic way of governing the country, legislation is the core of the rule of law, and the modernization of legislation is the important foundation of the modernization of the national governance system and governance ability. However, under the traditional legislative model, the time and cost to collect legislative information are long, the ability to analyze and deal with legislative information is poor, and the efficiency is low. The effect to reflect the social situation and public opinion and to lead the social development in the whole process of legislation is not good enough, and the level of scientific and democratic legislation is not high enough, which leads to passive, inverted and cursory legislation. The ability to collect, analyze and process legislative information has become a key factor to block the process of legislative modernization. In today’s world, the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other new generation of information technology have been booming, showing the trend of cross-border integration, group intelligence opening, and human-computer cooperation. They have great potential in the field of legislation. They can truly, timely, systematically and effectively gather and feed back the opinions and behavior information of the people, so that the people can realize the intelligent preservation of private freedom and public democracy in every legislation. However, at present, their application scope in the field of legislation is narrow, their application stage is few and their application level is low. The legislation Internet Ecosystem and legislation big data platform needed in the whole process of collecting, analyzing and processing legislation information have not been effectively constructed. The role of legislation knowledge map and legislation blockchain technology has not been fully appllied. Their strategies and paths to support the modernization of legislation need urgent consideration on giving response. Based on the concept of the integration of scientific rationality and legal rationality, this paper firstly defines the intelligent preservation of private domain freedom and public domain democracy as the goal of the new generation of information technology integration and support of modern legislation from the semantic analysis of “legislative modernization”; secondly, it analyzes the performance form, chronic causes, and application of the traditional legislative models which are passive, inverted and cursory. The new generation of information technology promotes the optimization of modern legislative principles and the transformation of traditional legislative model to preventive, step-by-step and precise legislative model. Finally, this paper expounds the optimization plan of the new generation of information technology to support legislative modernization from two aspects of legislative methods and legislative procedures, with a view to improve the quality and establish legislation by applying the new generation of information technology actively and steadily to the legislature. The efficiency of law, the scientific level of legislation and the degree of democratization are helpful.

Expression and Clinical Significance of REPS2 in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Zhang, Hang,Duan, Chao-Jun,Zhang, Heng,Cheng, Yuan-Da,Zhang, Chun-Fang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5

Objective: REPS2 plays important roles in inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and in inducing apoptosis of cancer cells, now being identified as a useful biomarker for favorable prognosis in prostate and breast cancers. The purpose of this study was to assess REPS2 expression and to explore its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: Protein expression of REPS2 in ESCCs and adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 120 patients was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome. Additionally, thirty paired ESCC tissues and four ESCC cell lines and one normal human esophageal epithelial cell line were evaluated for REPS2 mRNA and protein expression levels by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results: REPS2 mRNA and protein expression levels were down-regulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Low protein levels were significantly associated with primary tumour, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and recurrence (all, P < 0.05). Survival analysis demonstrated that decreased REPS2 expression was significantly associated with shorter overall survival and disease-free survival (both, P < 0.001), especially in early stage ESCC patients. When REPS2 expression and lymph node metastasis status were combined, patients with low REPS2 expression/lymph node (+) had both poorer overall and disease-free survival than others (both, P < 0.001). Cox multivariate regression analysis further revealed REPS2 to be an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that downregulation of REPS2 may contribute to malignant progression of ESCC and represent a novel prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for ESCC patients.

A New Unsymmetrical Zinc Phthalocyanine as Photosensitizers for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Zhang, Dan,Zhang, Xue-Jun,Zhang, Lei,Mao, Li-Jun Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.4

A new unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine has been designed and synthesized based on the 'push-pull' and extended ${\pi}$-conjugation concept for the dye-sensitized solar cells. Three tert-butoxy groups, which act as electron releasing ('push'), enhance the solubility of phthalocyanine in common organic solvents and reduce the aggregation. Hydroxy substituted 9,10-anthraquinones act as electron acceptors ('pull') for the study of photoinduced electron transfer processes as well as grafting onto nanocrystalline $TiO_2$. The new unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine was fully characterized by FTIR, UV-vis, $^1H$ NMR, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The new sensitizer was tested in dye-sensitized solar cells, and gave a better performance.

Visible Light Photoelectrocatalytic Properties of Novel Yttrium Treated Carbon Nanotube/Titania Composite Electrodes

Zhang, Feng-Jun,Chen, Ming-Liang,Zhang, Kan,Oh, Won-Chun Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.1

Photoelectrocatalytic decolorization of methlene blue (MB) in the presence of two types of carbon nanotube/titania and yttrium-treated carbon nanotube/titania electrodes in aqueous solutions were studied under visible light. The prepared composite electrodes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and photoelectrocatalytic activity. The photoelectrocatalytic performances of the supported catalysts were evaluated for the decolorization of MB solution under visible light irradiation. The results showed that yttrium incorporation enhanced the decolorization rate of MB. It was found that the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of a MB solution could be attributed to the combined effects caused by the photo-degradation of titania, the electron assistance of carbon nanotube network, the enhancement of yttrium and a function of the applied potential. The repeatability of photocatalytic activity was also tested. The presence of yttrium enhanced the hydrophillicity of yttrium-carbon nanotubes/titania electrode because more OH groups can be adsorbed on the surface.

<i>Haloactinopolyspora alkaliphila</i> sp. nov., and emended description of the genus <i>Haloactinopolyspora</i>

Zhang, Yong-Guang,Liu, Qing,Wang, Hong-Fei,Zhang, Dao-Feng,Zhang, Yuan-Ming,Park, Dong-Jin,Kim, Chang-Jin,Li, Wen-Jun International Union of Microbiological Societies 2014 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.64 No.6

<P>A facultatively alkaliphilic actinomycete strain, designated EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample from Xinjiang province, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. Strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> formed fragmented aerial hyphae and short spore chains, and rod-like spores aggregated at maturity. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the isolate contained <SMALL>ll</SMALL>-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and glucosamine, mannose, galactose, glucose and rhamnose as the marker sugars. The major fatty acids identified (>5 %) were anteiso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB>, iso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB>, summed feature 4 (iso-C<SUB>17 : 1</SUB>I/anteiso-C<SUB>17 : 1</SUB>B), iso-C<SUB>16 : 0</SUB> and anteiso-C<SUB>17 : 0</SUB>. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H<SUB>4</SUB>). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> was 70.6 mol%. EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to its closest phylogenetic neighbour <I>Haloactinopolyspora alba</I> YIM 93246<SUP>T</SUP> (98.5 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness value of the strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>H. alba</I> YIM 93246<SUP>T</SUP> was 59.3±5.2 %. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> represents a novel species of the genus <I>Haloactinopolyspora</I>, for which the name <I>Haloactinopolyspora alkaliphila</I> sp. nov. (type strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> = BCRC 16946<SUP>T</SUP> = JCM 19128<SUP>T</SUP>) is proposed. The description of the genus <I>Haloactinopolyspora</I> has also been emended.</P>