Effect of Oriental & Western Anti-Stress Agents on the Changes of the Salivary Gland of Rats under Restraint Stress

Hong, Jung-Pyo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Jung-Pyo Hong. Department of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. Effect of Oriental & Western Anti-Stress Agents on the Changes of the Salivary Gland of Rats under Restraint Stress. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 162-171, 1999.-Stress caused the changes in the neural, vascular and immune system of the body. If stress is mild so as not to exceed the adaptability of the body to it, the homeostasis of the body is maintained. Otherwise psychological and physical disturbances of the body may occur, ample evidence suggests that stress causes apoptosis of the cells, inducing morphological and functional changes of the tissue as the result of tissue destruction. These disorders are also frequently observed in the orofacial region(dentistry), including not only such paychological oral lesions as Iichen planus and geographic tongue but stress-related diseases like temporomandibular disorder and xerostomia. It is, Therefore, possible that anti-stress medicines and stress-reliving activities may prevent and treat the psychosomatic disorders. In the study, we intended to check whether anti-depressant and anti-stress drugs such as Fluoxetine, Bunsimkium and Bohyulanshintang(oriental herbal medicine) can prevent pathologic changes of the salivary gland under the restraint condition. Seven-week old sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups.: Group Ⅰ, normal control;GroupⅡ,rats were under the restraint stress placed in the stress cages; GroupⅢ, rats were administrated Fluoxetine (5mg/kg/day), p.o., under the restraint stress; GroupⅣ,rats were administrated Bunsimkium, p.o., for 10 days before applying the restraint stress also.; Group Ⅴ,rats were administrated Bohyulanshintang, p.o., for 10 days before they were placed under the restraint stress. The rats were sacrificed at day 0,1,3,5,7 of the experiment. The submandibular glands of the rats were sampled immediately. The levels of clusterin protein and mRNA in the tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and Northen blot analysis respectively. Our results were as follows. 1. Restraint stress induced apoptosis of the submandibular gland. 2. Restraint stress induced the expression of clusterin. The expression of clusterin reached the maximum level when the cellular apoptosis apparent and decreased after then. 3. Apoptosis was occurred on the acinar cells earlier than ductal cells by restraint stress. 4. In the Northern blot and immunohistochemistry, noremarkable difference of clusterin was found in between the normal control group and the Fluoxetine administrated-restraint stress group. 5. In Bunsimkium administrated-restraint stress group, apoposis was delayed. 6. In the Bohyulanshintang administered-restraint stress group, expression of clusterin increased with time and reached the maximum level at day 5 of the experiment and decreased after then. But apoptosis did not occurthrough all days of the experiment. The overall results suggenst that stress can induce pathologic changes in the salivary glands. By an early response to stress, clusterin is expressed in the glands to protect the glandular cells form the stress. But if stress is so strong and prolonged as to exceed the stress adaptability of the cells, then the cells may undergo apoptosis instead of producing clusterin. Administration of stress-relieving drugs such as Fluoxeting, BunsimKium and Bohyulanshintang may be useful in preventing and treating stress-related salivary glands diseases. Our results are thought to be useful to identify the mechanism of stress-related salivary gland diseases such as xerostomia. Hereafter, among the anti-stress medicines such as western medicine and traditional herb medicine, Bohyulanshintang with minimal side effect could be applied to effectively prevent and treat psychosomatic disease.

버팀보로 지지된 흙막이벽의 거동에 관한 연구

홍원표,여규권,윤중만,조용상 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1997 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.27 No.-

버팀보 축력으로부터 산정된 측방토압은 지표면에서 굴착깊이의 17%에 해당되는 깊이까지 선형적으로 증가하다가 그 깊이 아래로부터는 일정토압분포를 보이는 사다리꼴모양의 분포를 보였다. 이 일정토압 분포부분의 토압 크기는 평균적으로 최종굴착깊이에서의 Rankine 주동토압의 58%에 해당하거나 연직상재압의 17%에 해당하였다. 또한 흙막이벽의 수평변위와 굴착깊이와의 관계로부터 흙막이구조물의 안정성을 판단할 수 있는 시공관리기준을 설정하였다. 흙막이벽의 수평변위량이 굴착깊이의 0.20%보다 작으면 흙막이벽과 굴착배면지반은 안정된 상태에 있다. 그러나 벽체의 수평변위가 굴착깊이의 0.20%보다 크게 발생하면 굴착공사의 안정성을 주의깊게 관찰해야만 하며, 필요하다면 흙막이 구조물을 보강해야만 한다. The lateral earth pressures on braced earth retaining walls, which are estimated form the measured strut force, shows a trapezoidal distribution that the earth pressure increases linearly with depth from the ground surface to 17% of the final excavation depth, and then keeps constant value. The maximum lateral earth pressure was same to 58% of Rankine's active earth pressure or 17% of the vertical overburden pressure at the final excavation depth. Also, empirical criterion is established for construction management to monitor and ensure the stability of deep excavation from the relationship between horizontal displacement of wall and excavated depth. If the horizontal displacement of wall measured from inclinometer shows less than 0.20 percent of the excavated depth, the retention wall and surrounding ground exist under stable state. When the horizontal displacement is developed more than 0.20 percent of the excavated depth, excavation works should be carefully observed and reinforced the earth retention wall, if necessary.

등가자화전류를 이용한 영구자석계자형 선형동기전동기의 특성해석

홍정표 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1996 産技硏論文集 Vol.10 No.-

This paper presents an efficient magnetic field analysis method and performs characteristic analysis of a permanent magnet type linear synchronous motor. Permanent magnet and primary current is replaced by equivalent magnetizing current and sheet current, respectively. Air gap flux density is seperately analyzed by permanent magnet and primary current. And the resualtant air gap flux density is calculated by superposition due to the permanent magnet and primary current. The analysis model is analyzed the harmonic distribution of air gap flux density and force acting on mover. The effectiveness of proposed method is verified by comparing the analysis results with the experimental ones.

製品 디자인의 CPI정립을 위한 디자인 方法論 硏究 : 冷藏庫 CPI 방향수립에 대한 CASE STUDY A CASE STUDY of Refrigerator CPI policy establishment

홍정표 全北大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

Recently, A trend of an enterprise have to extensive scale, also can not but compete with a community enterprise and a multinational corporation get over the domestic compete. Under these circumstance, A businessman demanded for the existence a public policy that a diversified management, high technology, a positive marketing policy. In every phase of management activitie have many case induction of CI for a delivery consumers with an image of one's. This study presents design methods of efficiently and reasonable about the refrigerator design and, for use as basic tool of design development to hence. In the case of this, At first established a scheme of Corporate Product Idendtity by products, established of base way of design process for arrangement of the CPI and established of a direction of design and extract of CPI elements. Refrigerator CPI set limits to design element under the rival enterprise and consumer's circumstance, and then is largely base On the present state of the enterprise. the destination of one's pursue, the values that refrigerator-style have to corporate. The main concept of refrigerator CPI is base on the acceptance of distinct value of client, and has equally to present value system of excellent and original refrigerator styling with each enterprises. Finally, This study in pursue of elementary establishment of model for CPI positioning in the late. This content demands replacement and verification in operation, and detail content of an executive plans have to mediate through the design modeling process in regards the utility of verification and application. By the plan each step, first one phase about item target in each year application responds to examination details. By the question examination method and thesis contents construct to continuous database, examination item drive an each phase, after application main contents to establishement CPI as modification and replacement. In the point of a practical product application of CPI have to process between designer sufficient discussion and evaluate process.

'90年代 冷藏庫 디자인 戰略樹立을 위한 硏究

洪正均 全北大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

Goods and service get supply to the market have a begining of variety and a large size, as well a new product and technique have developing by the economic growth and industrial development. In the field of home we have a replenished a may of house hold furnishing for a standard of living elevation and a life of scientifically. This thesis will briefly review about the which, refrigerator have make a necessaries of home and a saturation goods of market, namely, a extension late of 90%. Three company on domestic home applicances have been carry out design policy that make a selection refrigerator a central sale goods, because promote in phase of goods, Major purpose of this thesis are that the companies establish design policy which is coincident with needs of consummer, as present of logical solution throught the environmental analysis of refrigerator which accupying the first place, and have called the major term of house hold goods, in the scale of an offering amount.

유도선수들의 스포츠자신감 수준이 귀인형태에 미치는 영향

홍재표,차정훈,전승훈 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

The present study was designed to examine the effect of sport-confidence on attributional perceptions across male and female fencers. Judo athletes reported their sport-confidence, attribution perceptions on Sport-Confidence Inventory. CDSⅡ(Causal Dimension Scale Ⅱ) According to the previous research findings related to the theme of the study, it was hypothesized that the independent variables of trait sport-confidence. state sport-confidence influence the dependent variable of attributional perceptions. and the relationships between the two kinds of variables were examined using two-way ANCOVA. The implications of the study are as follows : Firstly. Trait sport-confidence and state sport-confidence of judo athletes significantly affected the locus of contorl dimension. Secondly. Trait sport-confidence and state sport-confidence of judo athletes significantly affected the stability dimension. Thirdly, Trait sport-confidence and state sport-confidence of judo athletes significantly affected the contro lability dimension.

우리나라 서남해안 해성점토의 전단특성에 관한 연구

홍원표,이양상,한중근 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1994 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.24 No.-

Saturated marine clays are consolidated under applied loads caused by deposit-process or human interruptions. The consolidation process results in densification and in turn increment of the undrained strength of a clay deposit. In a clay deposit, the undrained strength is increasing with the effective overburden pressure, which also increases wit depth. The strength variations with effective overburden pressure(or depth) is characterized by so called "Cu/P" ratio. In korea, the empirical formula proposed by Skempton has been used to estimate the undrained strength profile of a clay deposit without any sometimes varification of the applicability to clay deposits in Korea. In the thesis, the test data for some clay deposits along south -west coast in Korea were analized to test the applicability of Skempton formula. A new formula pertinent to the deposits was developed. Also, Initial elastic and secant moduli were studied.

카드뮴중독의 조기진단을 위한 생물학적 지표탐색 : 요중 Metallothionein 배설량의 의의

홍연표,장임원,박정덕 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Metallothionein(MT) is a low molecular weight protein that is induced as a defence mechanism for cadmium(Cd) toxicity. In present study, urinary MT was determined using a competitive ELISA in Cd-exposed rats. In addition, measured the urinary, blood and renal Cd concentration and the urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-microglobulin(MG) and Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after Cd injection in Cd-exposed rats with doses of 0.8 and 1.6㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight, respectively. The urinary, blood and renal Cd were specific for Cd-exposure, that increased in proportional to dose of Cd. The urinary and blood Cd tended to slightly decrease, while renal Cd tended to increase by lapse of time after Cd exposure. This finding indicates that renal Cd is more specific than urinary and blood Cd for Cd exposure. The urinary excretion of MT showed a statistically significant increase in Cd exposed rats(0.8 and 1.6 ㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight). The increase of urinary excretion of MT was more evident at 7, 14, 28 days after Cd exposure than the changes of urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-MG and NAG. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between urinary Cd and urinary MT, β₂-MG, NAG and total protein were 0.4344, 0.3727, 0.3307 and 0.2099, respectively. These findings indicate that the urinary MT is more sensitive and specific than total protein, β₂-MG and nag for Cd exposure. The present results suggest that the urinary MT, using a simple and rapid competitive ELISA, is a valuable index and screening test in epidemiologic study for Cd exposed group.

혈액 내 구리, 아연 및 ceruloplasmin 농도에 흡연, 음주 및 신체적 활동이 미치는 영향

홍연표,강은용,신인철,최병선,박정덕,장임원,박진완 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objectives : To investigate the influence of smoking, alcohol ingestion, and physical activity on copper and zinc in RBC and serum and serum ceruloplasmin, this study was performed in a cross-sectional study in 113 healthy men aged 20 to 40 years who had no symptomatic liver, heart, gastrointestinal, and other chronic diseases. Methods : At the men's entry into the study, blood samples were drawn from each subject and immediately centrifuged for analysis of copper, zinc, iron, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol, and hematocrit. Each man completed a questionnaire that provided information on smoking, amount of alcohol intake, and physical activity. Partial regression analysis was performed on confounding variables such as age, body mass index, hematocrit, serum cholesterol, and serum iron. Results : In general linear models, adjustment for confounding variables did not show statistical differences, and there was only an increasing tendency in serum copper in heavy smoker(P=0.0678). There was no difference between high physical activity with mild smokers and lower physical with heavy smokers. Conclusions : This study suggested that copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin were not good biomarker for early effect by smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity in young adult. However, selection bias should be considered in evaluation of this result, and a large prospective study will be needed in advance on usefulness of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin as a marker for risk factors and early change of atherosclerosis.

企業의 環境變化에 따른 디자인 對處方案에 관한 硏究 : 디자인 活動과 成功事例를 중심으로 Through the focus of design activities and successful design work examples

홍정표 全北大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.39 No.-

Whether of success in industrial designs judge which of the success of failure of business management and strengthening of an enterprise competitiveness. As it is not so many a plan, that improve of product's image and promote of industrial competitiveness through the more less time and investment as industrial design. As a result of this reason to industrial design development become the center of company interest. Compared with technical development need an exorbitant time and funds investments, industrial design development has just a bit work out relatively a problem of competition strengthening, to more less investments and more fast time. Environment of enterprise and a change of consumers produce to change of design as a strategic tool of business management. A part of design make model character of goods has changing speak of culture for suit to change of environment with reinvestigation of culture, emphasis of regional character, the diversification of wants. And then business of us has need reexamination to role of design suit it's company.