흰쥐와 마우스에서 Ethanol이 요중 트리클로로에틸렌 대사산물 배설량에 미치는 영향

강은용,박정덕,홍연표,장임원,Kang, Eun-Yong,Park, Jung-Duck,Hong, Yeon-Pyo,Chang, Im-Won 대한예방의학회 1998 예방의학회지 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구는 흰쥐와 마우스에서 TCE 경구투여 후 주대사산물인 TCE-OH와 TCA의 요중 배설량과 시간에 따른 배설량의 변화와 이에 대한 ethanol의 영향 및 종간의 차이를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. TCE 경구 투여 후 요중 TTC 배설양상은 실험동물의 종간에 현저한 차이가 있었으며, 흰쥐에서는 TTC 배설량이 투여량에 따라 증가하다가 체중 kg당 1,000 mg 용량 이상에서 포화되는 양상을 나타내었으나, 마우스에서는 2,000 mg까지 거의 선형적으로 증가하였다. 투여용량에 따른 TTC 배설 량은 흰쥐보다 마우스에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.01). 2. TCE 투여 후 경과시간에 따른 대사산물 배설양상은 종이나 투여용량에 관계없이 비슷한 양상을 나타내었다. TCE-OH는 12시간에서 거의 대부분$(82.8\sim87.6%)$이 배설되었으며, TCA는 12 시간 $(39.2\sim41.6%)$과 24시간$(33.4\sim36.6%)$에 최고치를 보였고 그 후 서서히 배설되었다. 3. Ethanol 전처치시 횐쥐에서는 TTC와 TCE-OH 배설량이 유의하게 증가하였으나(p<0.01), TCA 배설량은 증가하지 않았다. 마우스에서는 TTC, TCE-OH 및 TCA 배설량 모두 ethanol 군과 대조군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. This study was conducted to examine the species differences in the urinary excretion of trichloroethanol(TCE-OH) and trichloroacetic acid(TCA) of trichloroethylene (TCE) metabolites and the effect of ethanol on these metabolites in mice and rats. TCE administered to Male Sprague Dawley rats and ICR mice as a single oral dose(100, 200, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg body weight) and ethanol(3.0 g/kg body weight) was taken orally 12 hours before TCE administration. The metabolites in urine were measured 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after TCE administration. The results of metabolite excretion were as follows; Total trichlorocompounds(TTC) in urine increased with TCE dose in mice while increased only below dose of 1,000 mg/kg TCE in rats. The net excretion of TCE metabolites was significantly greater in mice than rats, although the proportion of TCE-OH to TCA was not different between mice and rats. These findings indicate that mice were internally exposed to significantly higher concentration of TCE metabolites than rats and this trend appeared to be more prominent with the increase of TCE dose. Ethanol increased significantly TCE-OH in urine of rats while the increase of TCE-OH induced by ethanol was not significant in mice, and didn't increase TCA of urine in both of rats and mice. This result suggests that the effect of ethanol on TCE metabolism may be due to the increase of TCE-OH.

일부 성장기 학생 혈중 연농도의 성별 및 연령별 분포

임재언,강은용,최병선,서지영,홍연표,장임원,박정덕 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2000 中央醫大誌 Vol.25 No.2

혈액 내 구리, 아연 및 ceruloplasmin 농도에 흡연, 음주 및 신체적 활동이 미치는 영향

홍연표,강은용,신인철,최병선,박정덕,장임원,박진완 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objectives : To investigate the influence of smoking, alcohol ingestion, and physical activity on copper and zinc in RBC and serum and serum ceruloplasmin, this study was performed in a cross-sectional study in 113 healthy men aged 20 to 40 years who had no symptomatic liver, heart, gastrointestinal, and other chronic diseases. Methods : At the men's entry into the study, blood samples were drawn from each subject and immediately centrifuged for analysis of copper, zinc, iron, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol, and hematocrit. Each man completed a questionnaire that provided information on smoking, amount of alcohol intake, and physical activity. Partial regression analysis was performed on confounding variables such as age, body mass index, hematocrit, serum cholesterol, and serum iron. Results : In general linear models, adjustment for confounding variables did not show statistical differences, and there was only an increasing tendency in serum copper in heavy smoker(P=0.0678). There was no difference between high physical activity with mild smokers and lower physical with heavy smokers. Conclusions : This study suggested that copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin were not good biomarker for early effect by smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity in young adult. However, selection bias should be considered in evaluation of this result, and a large prospective study will be needed in advance on usefulness of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin as a marker for risk factors and early change of atherosclerosis.

폐광지성(廢鑛地城) 주민(住民)의 요중(尿中) 카드뮴 농도(濃度)와 현기능평가(賢機能評價)

박정덕,박찬병,최병선,강은용,홍연표,장임원,천병렬,예민해,Park, Jung-Duck,Park, Chan-Byung,Choi, Byung-Sun,Kang, Eun-Yong,Hong, Yeon-Pyo,Chang, Im-Won,Chun, Byung-Yeol,Yeh, Min-Hae 대한예방의학회 1998 예방의학회지 Vol.31 No.3

1995년 8월부터 12월 사이에 미량의 카드뮴에 오염된 것으로 밝혀진 폐광 인근 지역에 거주하고 있는 지역주민 184명(남자: 82명, 여자: 102명)을 대상으로 카드뮴에 의한 만성적인 폭로와 신기능장애를 평가하기 위하여 요중 카드뮴과 NAG활성도, $\beta_2MG$배설량 및 총단백질량을 정량하여 비교 분석하였다. 이때 특별히 카드뮴에 폭로된 적이 없는 일반주민 160명(남자 : 64명, 여자 : 96명)을 대조군으로 선정하였다. 남자의 경우 폭로군의 요중 평균 카드뮴농도는 $2.56{\mu}g/\ell,\;2.80{\mu}g/g$ creatinine 및 $2.50{\mu}g/S.G.$, 대조군은 $1.19{\mu}g/\ell,\;1.36{\mu}g/g$ creatinine 및 $1.17{\mu}g/S.G.$ 였고, 여자에서는 폭로군 $2.69{\mu}g/\ell,\;3.94{\mu}g/g$ creatinine 및 $2.63{\mu}g/S.G.$, 대조군 $1.27{\mu}g/\ell,\;1.97{\mu}g/g$ creatinine 및 $1.25{\mu}g/S.G.$로서 폭로군이 대조군에 비해 남 여 모두에서 유의하게 높았다. 연령에 따른 요중 평균 카드뮴 농도는 남자의 경우 $20\sim39$세군에서는 폭로군과 대조군간에 차이가 없었으나, $40\sim59$세군과 60세 이상군에서는 폭로군이 유의하게 높았다. 여자에서는 폭로군이 대조군에 비해 모든 연령층에서 유의하게 높았다. 또한, 폭로군에 있어서 조사대상 지역에 거주한 기간이 길수록 그리고 이 지역에서 생산된 쌀과 채소류를 섭취하는 사람들의 요중 카드뮴 농도가 높게 나타나, 폐광 인근 지역주민들이 미량이지만 상대적으로 많은 양의 카드뮴에 만성적으로 폭로되고 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 폭로군과 대조군의 요중 평균 NAG활성도, $\beta_2-MG$ 배설량 및 총단백질량은 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나, 폭로군에서 요중 NAG활성도와 총단백질량은 요중 카드뮴량과 통계적으로 유의한 정상관이 있었으나 $\beta_2-MG$ 배설량은 유의하지 않았다. 또한 2.0 미만군, 2.0이상 10.0미만군, 10.0이상군으로 구분한 요중 카드뮴 농도수준에 따른 분석시 요중 카드뮴 2.0미만군에 비해 10.0이상군의 NAG활성도, $\beta_2-MG$배설량 및 총단백량이 유의하게 증가되었으며, NAG활성도는 2.0이상 10.0미만군에서도 유의하게 증가되었다. 즉, 폭로군에서 요중 카드뮴 농도에 따른 요중 NAG활성도의 증가가 $\beta_2-MG$배설량의 증가에 비해 상대적으로 민감하게 나타나, 향후 카드뮴 폭로군에 대한 색출검사시 $\beta_2-MG$배설량과 함께 NAG활성도를 조사함으로써 조기진단적 가치가 높을 것으로 사료된다. Urinary cadmium is used as a sensitive indicator for internal Cd dose, and increased excretion of $N-acetyl-\beta-D-glucosaminidase(NAG)$, $\beta_2-microglobulin(MG)$ and total protein are useful indices for renal dysfunction by chronic exposure to Cd. The target group was 184 inhabitant(82 men and 102 women) in an abandoned mine area known as exposure to low level Cd. The control group was took 160 individuals(64 men and 96 women) in Cd not-exposed area. Urinary Cd concentration was significantly higher in the target group than the control. The geometric mean of urinary Cd for male was $2.56{\mu}g/\ell,\;2.80{\mu}g/g$ creatinine and $2.50{\mu}g/S.G.$ in the target group and $1.19{\mu}g/\ell,\;1.36{\mu}g/g$ creatinine and $1.17{\mu}g/S.G.$ in the control. For female $2.69{\mu}g/\ell,\;3.94{\mu}g/g$ creatinine and $2.63{\mu}g/S.G.$ in the target group and $1.27{\mu}g/\ell,\;1.97{\mu}g/g$ creatinine and $1.25{\mu}g/S.G.$ in the control, respectively. In addition, urinary Cd of the target group had affected by the period of residence and dietary habit for the rice and the vegetables from the target area. These findings suggest the chronic exposure to Cd of the target population. Mean excretion of urinary NAG, $\beta_2-MG$ and total protein were not significant between two groups. In the target group, urinary NAG activity and total protein were significantly correlated with urinary Cd, but $\beta_2-MG$ was not related. Urinary excretion of NAG, $\beta_2-MG$ and total protein were significantly increased in $10\leqq$ than in <2 of urinary Cd level. In $2\sim10$ group of urinary Cd level, the excretion of NAG significantly increased while not showed for $\beta_2-MG$. In present study, urinary excretion of NAG was relatively sensitive than $\beta_2-MG$ in chronic exposure population to low level Cd.

한국인의 심근 조직내 카드뮴 농도의 참고치

박정덕,임헌방,최병선,권일훈,이상연,강은용,홍연표,장임원 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Cadmium(Cd) is an ubiquitous, toxic and nonessential metal which is controversial about the association with a cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the reference level of Cd in myocardium in Korean general population. The level of Cd and zinc(Zn) concentration in myocardium of 252 cases of "sudden and unexpected death" autopsies (male: 172, female : 60) aged 0 to 87 years was analyzed. The concentration of Cd and Zn was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer(Perkin-Elmer Model 5100) by flameless and flame method, respectively. The content of Cd and Zn in myocardium showed the log-normal distribution rather than normal distribution. Geometric mean concentration of Cd was 0.19 ㎍/g wet weight in myocardium. The level of Cd in myocardium was not significantly different between male (0.18㎍/g wet weight) and female (0.22㎍/g wet weight). Geometric mean concentration of Zn in myocardium was 25.25 ㎍/g wet weight. The level of Zn between male (25.13 ㎍/g wet weight) and female (25.57㎍/g wet weight) was not different. The deposit of Cd in myocardium was age-dependent of biphasic pattern, but the Zn level by age was not significantly different. The level of Cd in myocardium was increased to the fifties of age, thereafter a leveling-off was shown. The regression model of Cd deposit in myocardium by age was predicted as the following equation: Log Heart-Cd= -1.2726 + 0.0234 ·Age -0.0002 ·Age². The maximum Cd deposit in myocardium was estimated to be 0.26 ㎍/g wet weight at the age of 58.5 in Korean general population. In addition, the total Cd burden in heart by age was predicted as a following equation: Total Cd burden in Heart= -10.165+2.891 ·Age -0.0258 ·Age². The maximum heart burden of Cd was estimated to be 70.7㎍ at age of 55.4. The positive correlation between Cd and Zn was observed in myocardium. The linear regression equation was Log Heart-Zn = 1.4195+0.0262 ·Log Heart-Cd.