Geoacoustic provinces of the South Sea shelf off Korea

Kim, D.C.,Kim, G.Y.,Yi, H.I.,Seo, Y.K.,Lee, G.S.,Jung, J.H.,Chang Kim, J. Pergamon Press 2012 QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL Vol.263 No.-

In order to characterize geoacoustic provinces of the South Sea shelf of Korea, sediment texture, physical, and geoacoustic properties (p-wave velocity) were measured and calculated based on approximately 350 core samples collected from the study area. The empirical relationship between mean grain size and velocity suggested by Hamilton was used for calculation of p-wave velocity. The inner shelf sediments of the South Sea are characterized by Holocene muddy sediments derived from nearby rivers (i.e., mostly supplied from Nakdong and Seomjin rivers near the Korean shore), whereas the outer shelf areas are dominated by Quaternary sediments (e.g., relict sediments, due to a rising of sea level during the Quaternary) depending on seafloor bathymetry. In this study, the seafloor of the South Sea shelf is differentiated into 4 provinces based on sediment properties (esp. mean grain size and velocity). Province I consisted of muddy sediments affected directly by the Nakdong and Seomjin Rivers discharge. Province II was covered by the sediments transported from two rivers. Province III is marked by mixed Holocene fine materials and coarse Pleistocene materials. Province IV is dominated by relict sediments characterized by Pleistocene coarse sandy materials. Mean grain size, velocity, and wet bulk density increase from Province I (>7.4o, 1515 m/s, and 1.52 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP>, respectively) through Province II (5.4o, 1597 m/s, and 1.69 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP>) to Province III (2.9o, 1766 m/s, and 2.0 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP>). Porosity, on the other hand, exhibits an opposite trend, decreasing from Province I (71.3%) to Province II (60.3%) and decreasing significantly in Province III (44.6%). Province IV is characterized by the highest velocity (1979 m/s average) and the coarsest material (2.1o). Nevertheless the values of physical properties such as wet bulk density, porosity, and density lie between Province II and III.

5,7-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyflavone inhibits the inflammatory effects induced by <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> enterotoxin via dissociating the complex of heat shock protein 90 and I&kgr;B&agr; and I&kgr;B kinase-&ggr; in intestinal epithelial cell cultu

Kim, J. M.,Lee, D. H.,Kim, J. S.,Lee, J. Y.,Park, H.-G.,Kim, Y.-J.,Oh, Y.-K.,Jung, H. C.,Kim, S. I. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Clinical and experimental immunology Vol.155 No.3

<P>Summary</P><P>Enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic <I>Bacteroides fragilis</I> (BFT) has been associated with mucosal inflammation and diarrhoeal diseases. In this study, the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of 5,7-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyflavone (eupatilin) was characterized in an HT-29 intestinal epithelial cell line stimulated with BFT. Pre-treatment of HT-29 cells with eupatilin decreased the production significantly of both interleukin (IL)-8 and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> induced by BFT in a dose-dependent manner. BFT-activated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-&kgr;B) signals in HT-29 cells and pretreatment with eupatilin suppressed NF-&kgr;B activation that resulted in the significant inhibition of IL-8 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression. BFT-induced phosphorylation of both I&kgr;B&agr; and I&kgr;B kinase (IKK) signals was prevented in eupatilin-pretreated HT-29 cells. Transfection of siRNA for IKK-&agr; and IKK-&bgr; decreased the production of IL-8 and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB>; however, the transfection of IKK-&bgr; siRNA showed a more significant reduction of BFT-induced I&kgr;B&agr; phosphorylation compared with that of IKK-&agr; siRNA. In addition, herbimycin A, a specific inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), decreased the BFT-induced activation of IKK and NF-&kgr;B, suggesting that Hsp90 is associated with a pathway of IKK-NF-&kgr;B-IL-8/cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene signalling. Furthermore, eupatilin dissociated the complex between Hsp90 and IKK-&ggr; in BFT-stimulated HT-29 cells. These results suggest that eupatilin can suppress the NF-&kgr;B signalling pathway by targeting the Hsp90-IKK-&ggr; complex in intestinal epithelial cells and may attenuate BFT-induced inflammatory responses.</P>

Identification and characterization of a carboxypeptidase N1 from red lip mullet (<i>Liza haematocheila</i>); revealing its immune relevance

Perera, N.C.N.,Godahewa, G.I.,Jung, Sumi,Kim, Myoung-Jin,Nam, Bo-Hye,Lee, Jehee ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2019 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.84 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Complement system orchestrates the innate and adaptive immunity <I>via</I> the activation, recruitment, and regulation of immune molecules to destroy pathogens. However, regulation of the complement is essential to avoid injuries to the autologous tissues. The present study unveils the characteristic features of an important complement component, anaphylatoxin inactivator from red lip mullet at its molecular and functional level. Mullet carboxypeptidase N1 (MuCPN1) cDNA sequence possessed an open reading frame of 1347 bp, which encoded a protein of 449 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 51 kDa. <I>In silico</I> analysis discovered two domains of PM14-Zn carboxypeptidase and a C-terminal domain of M14 N/E carboxypeptidase, two zinc-binding signature motifs, and an N-glycosylation site in the MuCPN1 sequence. Homology analysis revealed that most of the residues in the sequence are conserved among the other selected homologs. Phylogeny analysis showed that MuCPN1 closely cladded with the <I>Maylandia zebra</I> CPN1 and clustered together with the teleostean counterparts. A challenge experiment showed modulated expression of MuCPN1 upon polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and <I>Lactococcus garviae</I> in head kidney, spleen, gill, and liver tissues. The highest upregulation of MuCPN1 was observed 24 h post infection against poly I:C in each tissue. Moreover, the highest relative expressions upon <I>L. garviae</I> challenge were observed at 24 h post infection in head kidney tissue and 48 h post infection in spleen, gill, and liver tissues. MuCPN1 transfected cells triggered a 2.2-fold increase of nitric oxide (NO) production upon LPS stimulation compared to the un-transfected controls suggesting that MuCPN1 is an active protease which releases arginine from complement C3a, C4a, and C5a. These results have driven certain way towards enhancing the understanding of immune role of MuCPN1 in the complement defense mechanism of red lip mullet.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Carboxypeptidase N1 complement component was identified from the red lip mullet. </LI> <LI> Ubiquitous expression of MuCPN1 was observed in healthy mullet tissues. </LI> <LI> Modulated transcriptions of MuCPN1 revealed the importance in the immune responses. </LI> <LI> MuCPN1 was enhanced the nitric oxide production at an inflammatory condition. </LI> </UL> </P>

OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb: The First<i>Spitzer</i>Bulge Planet Lies Near the Planet/Brown-dwarf Boundary

Ryu, Y.-H.,Yee, J. C.,Udalski, A.,Bond, I. A.,Shvartzvald, Y.,Zang, W.,Jaimes, R. Figuera,Jørgensen, U. G.,Zhu, W.,Huang, C. X.,Jung, Y. K.,Albrow, M. D.,Chung, S.-J.,Gould, A.,Han, C.,Hwang, K.-H.,Sh American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astronomical journal Vol.155 No.1

<P>We report the discovery of OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb, which is likely to be the first Spitzer microlensing planet in the Galactic bulge/ bar, an assignation that can be confirmed by two epochs of high-resolution imaging of the combined source-lens baseline object. The planet's mass, M-p = 13.4 +/- 0.9 M-J, places it right at the deuteriumburning limit, i. e., the conventional boundary between 'planets' and 'brown dwarfs.' Its existence raises the question of whether such objects are really ' planets' (formed within the disks of their hosts) or 'failed stars' (lowmass objects formed by gas fragmentation). This question may ultimately be addressed by comparing disk and bulge/bar planets, which is a goal of the Spitzer microlens program. The host is a G dwarf, M-host = 0.89. +/- 0.07 M-circle dot, and the planet has a semimajor axis a similar to 2.0 au. We use Kepler K2 Campaign 9 microlensing data to break the lens-mass degeneracy that generically impacts parallax solutions from Earth-Spitzer observations alone, which is the first successful application of this approach. The microlensing data, derived primarily from near-continuous, ultradense survey observations from OGLE, MOA, and three KMTNet telescopes, contain more orbital information than for any previous microlensing planet, but not quite enough to accurately specify the full orbit. However, these data do permit the first rigorous test of microlensing orbital-motion measurements, which are typically derived from data taken over < 1% of an orbital period.</P>

Interactions of dendritic cells with cancer cells and modulation of surface molecules affect functional properties of CD8⁺ T cells

Seo, M.J.,Kim, G.R.,Son, Y.M.,Yang, D.C.,Chu, H.,Min, T.S.,Jung, I.D.,Park, Y.M.,Han, S.H.,Yun, C.H. Pergamon Press 2011 Molecular immunology Vol.48 No.15

To understand the interaction of dendritic cells (DCs) with cancer cells, we investigated molecular changes in DCs following co-culture with cancer cells. DCs co-cultured with Jurkat cancer cells showed remarkable down-regulation of MHC class I molecules, while DCs co-cultured with MCF-7 cancer cells showed minimal changes. Interestingly, down-regulation of MHC class I on DCs was not observed upon treatment with Jurkat cell lysate or culture supernatant, suggesting the importance of direct cell-cell interactions. The expressions of CD40, CD80, CD83, MHC class II, and IL-12p40 on DCs co-cultured with Jurkat cells were only slightly affected. In contrast, DCs co-cultured with MCF-7 cells showed increased expressions of CD80, CD83, CD86, and IL-12p40. Furthermore, DCs co-cultured with Jurkat cells showed a down-regulation of low molecular weight polypeptides (LMP) 7, and of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) 1 and 2 at the mRNA expression level. LMP7, TAP2 and β2-microglobulin (β2M) were also down-regulated at the protein level. We further demonstrated how altered expression of MHC class I on DCs caused by co-culture with cancer cells affected autologous CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells, using the model MHC class I-presented HSV antigen. We found that DCs that had been HSV-treated and co-cultured with Jurkat cells showed a reduced potency to activate CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. In contrast, HSV-treated DCs that had been co-cultured with MCF-7 cells induced activation of CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells, including high expression of CD25, CD69, granzyme B and cytokines, TNF-α and IFN-γ.

2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-based donor-acceptor type copolymers for photovoltaic cells

Jeong, E.,Kim, G.h.,Jung, I.H.,Jeong, P.,Kim, J.Y.,Woo, H.Y. Elsevier 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.1

Alternating donor-acceptor type copolymers, poly[{5,11-di(9'-heptadecanyl)indolo[3,2-b]carbazole}-alt-{2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-5,5'-diyl}] (PIC-TZ) and poly[{6,6',12,12'-tetraoctylindeno[1,2-b]fluorene}-alt-{2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-5,5'-diyl}] (PIF-TZ), were synthesized and examined for applications in polymeric photovoltaic cells. The polymers have a fused coplanar main backbone with good planarity for intermolecular packing and high charge mobility. The indolocarbazole and indenofluorene units contain two or four binding sites for alkyl substituents that have pronounced solution processiblity compared to the carbazole and fluorene moieties. The number-average molecular weights (M<SUB>n</SUB>) of the synthesized polymers were determined to be 11,000 g/mol (PDI = 2.27) for PIC-TZ, and 17,000 g/mol (PDI = 1.77) for PIF-TZ. The optical band gap of PIC-TZ and PIF-TZ in film was determined to be 2.14 eV and 2.21 eV, respectively, and an electrochemical study confirmed the desirable HOMO/LUMO levels of the copolymers, which enabled efficient electron transfer and a high open circuit voltage (V<SUB>OC</SUB>) when blending them with fullerene derivatives. The space charge limited current mobility measurements showed a hole mobility of 10<SUP>-3</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> for the copolymers. When the polymers were blended with [6,6]phenyl-C<SUB>61</SUB>-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), PIC-TZ showed the best performance with V<SUB>OC</SUB>, short-circuit current and power conversion efficiency of 0.86 V, 4.16 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 1.64%, respectively, under AM 1.5G illumination conditions (100 mW cm<SUP>-2</SUP>).

핫-런너를 이용한 모터 절연체 사출금형의 최적설계

장경천,이동길,정민관,김명호,김일수 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

In this study, the objectives were to save cost, reduce molding cycle time and enhance the consistency of product dimensions of the insulating materials in Direct-Drive motor(DDM) use for one of the home appliances, the drum washing machine, compare to those of the existing one. Through reviewing the existing one's molding operating conditions, verifying it with molding analysis and optimizing the mold design and operating conditions applying the valve gate, and after test production, the following results were obtained. Due to weight reduction of the expensive material from 1,050g to 950g, the cost was reduced by 10%. The cycle time that includes heating of material, injection, cooling and ejection was reduced from 75sec to 50sec. The occurrence rate of the burned mark on the lower side of part was reduced to less than 1% by lowering the molding temperature from 285℃ to 270℃. The defect rate was reduced by 50% as the outer radial side of the part contraction and anisotropic deformation were reduce from the level of 1.2mm to 0.5mm.

Two metalloenzymes from rockfish (<i>Sebastes schligellii</i>): Deciphering their potential involvement in redox homeostasis against oxidative stress

Perera, N.C.N.,Godahewa, G.I.,Nam, Bo-Hye,Park, Jung Youn,Lee, Jehee Elsevier 2018 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.80 No.-

<P>Disturbance in the balance between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants result oxidative stress in aerobic organisms. However, oxidative stress can be inhibited by enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanisms. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are well-known scavengers of superoxide radicals, and they protect cells by detoxifying hazardous reactive oxygen species. Here, we have identified and characterized two different SODs, CuZnSOD and MnSOD, from black rockfish (RfCuZnSOD and RfMnSOD, respectively). In silica analysis revealed the well conserved molecular structures comprising all essential properties of CuZnSOD and MnSOD. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both RfCuZnSOD and RfMnSOD cladded with their fish counterparts. The recombinant RfSOD proteins demonstrated their potential superoxide scavenging abilities through a xanthine oxidase assay. The optimum temperature and pH conditions for both rRfSODs were 25 degrees C and pH 8, respectively. Moreover, the potential peroxidation function of rRfCuZnSOD was observed in the presence of HCO3-. The highest peroxidation activity was observed at 100 mu g/mL of rRfCuZnSOD using the MTT cell viability assay and flow cytometry. The analogous tissue-specific expression profile indicated ubiquitous expression of both RfCuZnSOD and RfMnSOD in selected tissues of healthy juvenile rockfish. An immune challenge experiment illustrated the altered expression profiles of both RfCuZnSOD and RfMnSOD against lipopolysaccharide, Streptococcus iniae, and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Collectively, these results strengthen the general understanding of the structural and functional characteristics of SODs within the host defense system.</P>

Toward a Galactic Distribution of Planets. I. Methodology and Planet Sensitivities of the 2015 High-cadence<i>Spitzer</i>Microlens Sample

Zhu, Wei,Udalski, A.,Novati, S. Calchi,Chung, S.-J.,Jung, Y. K.,Ryu, Y.-H.,Shin, I.-G.,Gould, A.,Lee, C.-U.,Albrow, M. D.,Yee, J. C.,Han, C.,Hwang, K.-H.,Cha, S.-M.,Kim, D.-J.,Kim, H.-W.,Kim, S.-L.,Ki American Institute of Physics 2017 The Astronomical journal Vol.154 No.5

<P>We analyze an ensemble of microlensing events from the 2015 Spitzer microlensing campaign, all of which were densely monitored by ground-based high-cadence survey teams. The simultaneous observations from Spitzer and the ground yield measurements of the microlensing parallax vector pi(E), from which compact constraints on the microlens properties are derived, including less than or similar to 25% uncertainties on the lens mass and distance. With the current sample, we demonstrate that the majority of microlenses are indeed in the mass range of M dwarfs. The planet sensitivities of all 41 events in the sample are calculated, from which we provide constraints on the planet distribution function. In particular, assuming a planet distribution function that is uniform in log q, where q is the planet-to-star mass ratio, we find a 95% upper limit on the fraction of stars that host typical microlensing planets of 49%, which is consistent with previous studies. Based on this planet-free sample, we develop the methodology to statistically study the Galactic distribution of planets using microlensing parallax measurements. Under the assumption that the planet distributions are the same in the bulge as in the disk, we predict that similar to 1/3 of all planet detections from the microlensing campaigns with Spitzer should be in the bulge. This prediction will be tested with a much larger sample, and deviations from it can be used to constrain the abundance of planets in the bulge relative to the disk.</P>

의료용구 품질향상을 위한 연구(Ⅰ) : 일회용 플라스틱 주사기의 잔류가스(E.O) 분석법에 대하여 Determination of the residual E.O in diposable plastic syringes

장영경,최상숙,최보경,이흔파,정경림,김유선,이규식,고인석 국립보건연구원 1992 국립보건원보 Vol.29 No.2