경주 서악서원 조경식재 계획의 방향

황정환 경주대학교 2004 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The Seoak Seowon(Confucian shrine-academy) was built by I jeong(1512~1571), the mayor of Gyeongju, to honor Genernal Gim Yu-Sin in 1563, the 18th year of Joseon King Myeongjong. This study has looked into the present condition of landscape planting in Seoak Seowon(西岳書院) in Gyeongju, and has brought forward a proposal for the right landscape planting plan, considering our ancestors' traditional ideology and the characters and symbolism of landscaping plants. The study has made the basic conception of landscape planting and the direction of the plan through literature inquiries and on-the-spot surveys, and then established concrete directions of a landscape planting plan such as basic landscape planting plans, rainwater/drainage plans, selecting species of trees, according-to-main-space landscape planting plans. The following are summarized results of study and according-to-main-space landscape planting plans. As a result of surveying the present condition of landscape planting, 16species ares the number of all the landscape flora planted inside Seoak Seowon. The according-to-main-space landscape planting plans is as follows. 1. In the space of the Ru-Sammun gate(樓三門空間), point trees are needed outside the Oe-Sammun gate(外三門) for sense of place, and pair planting(對植) method on the left and right side of the Oe-Sammum gate for a sensation of approach. 2. No planting is required around traffic lines parallel with the Oe-Sammurn gate and the Nugak(樓) pavilion for openning the space. 3. In the space of the Dangje shrine(堂劑空間), no planting is required around the buildings in order to develop space for Jangsu(蠶修) and Yusik(遊息), and enhance the diversification and aesthetic value of landscape. 4. In the space of the Nae-Sammun gate(內三空間問), a sensation of approach is emphasized as the space of Sau(祠宇-a shrine) at its entrance and the space of Yusik(遊息空間) is also formed for the Dangje shrine there. Also, the space over-surrounded so far is needed to open at the exit of the Nac-Sammum gate. 5. In the Myodang shrine(崩堂), sense of territory is emphasized, and harmony with the neighboring landscapes and the integrity and spirit of a Seonbi, a classical scholar, are symbolized. The study has proposed the following based on the results. First, different from the present random landscape planting in our Seowons, the right recommendation guidelines must be suggested after considering our ancestors' traditional values/ideology, and the characters and symbolism of landscape flora. Second, much study and financial support for this are required for establishing the framework of the right recommendation guidelines. And, first of all, planting & management programs and budget support must be considered for the sustainable(ESSD) management of our Seowons.

경주시 월성원전 민간환경감시기구 조례안의 분석 및 평가

황정환 경주대학교 건설환경연구소 2002 建設環境論叢 Vol.- No.4

21세기 皇城市民公園 造成方案

황정환 경주대학교 지역개발연구소 1998 地域開發論叢 Vol.- No.1

The purpose of this study is to present a new direction fer the construction of the Hwangsung Park in the ancient city Kyongju for the 21st century. And the results of this study are as follow: 1. According to the world-wide trend, the urban development for the 21st century should be based upon the development plan for the sustainable cities or eco-cities. 2. The preservation and restoration plan for the marred traditional fordwt in this park should be made in consideration of nature. 3. The future Hwangsung Park should be constructed in consideration of nature, our culture and history, and ecology, and should be accessible and friendly to the citizens. 4. This park will be located in the heart of this ancient city and will continue to play most important role even in the 21st century. 5. The quantity of oxygen emitted from the forest of the park amounts to about 480 tons, conducive to about 1,730 citizens a year. 6. For the successful construction of the park, civilian participation, reappraisal and revaluation of the existing plan for the construction of the park, introduction of the non-government development system, a study of the internal-external space fuction in the park, and ecological consideration will be required. 7. 10 fundamentals for the gymnasium construction in gthe compound of the park are suggested with both microscopical and macroscopical care. And the modification fundamentals from the viewpoint of history-culture and environment are analyzed.

이중혈류유발 심폐소생술이 심정지를 유발한 개의 단기 생존율에 미치는 영향

황성오,조준휘,강구현,김성환,문중범,이강현,이승환,윤정한,최경훈,홍은석 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background and Objectives: We previously reported that, compared with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation(S-CPR), better hemodynamic effects could be achieved by simultaneous sterno-thoracic cardiopulmonary resuscitation(SST-CPR) in which we compressed the sternum and constricted the thorax circumferentially during the systolic period by using a device. This study was designed to assess whether SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improve the survival rate of dogs with cardiac arrest. Subjects and methods: Twenty-five mongrel dogs(19∼31㎏) were enrolled in this study. After four minutes of ventricular fibrillation induced by an AC current, animals were randomized to resuscitate with either S-CPR(n=13) or SST-CPR(n=12). Epinephrine(1 ㎎) was injected into the right atrium every three minutes after the beginning of CPR. Defibrillation was attempted after 6 minutes of CPR. Standard advanced cardiac life support was started if defibrillation was not successful. Results: SST-CPR resulted in significantly(p<0.001) higher systolic arterial pressure(91±47 vs 47±24 ㎜ Hg), diastolic pressure(43±24 vs 17±10 ㎜ Hg), coronary perfusion pressure(35±25 vs 13±9㎜ Hg), and end tidal CO2 tension(9±4 vs 3±2 ㎜ Hg). Two of 13 animals(15 %) resuscitated with S-CPR and six of 12 animals(50%) resuscitated with SST-CPR survived until 12 hours after cardiac arrest(p<0.05). Donclusion: SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improves the short-term survival rate in canine cardiac arrest.

두가지 혈류 유발방법에 의한 새로운 심폐소생술(이중 혈류 유발 심폐소생술)장치의 개발

황성오,김현,조준휘,오범진,임종천,최경훈,윤정한,이승환,김영식,이강현,이윤선 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background: There have been many efforts to augment blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. These efforts have focused on maximizing the effect of cardiac pump or thoracic pump alone. However, considering that the heart is the biggest blood reservoir and increase of intrathoracic pressure can generate blood flow, simultaneous exploitation of both mechanisms may have synergistic effect. We hypothesized that simultaneous chest constriction in addition to sternal compression by standard CPR may have additive hemodynamic effects by preventing deformation of the chest and increase of intrathoracic pressure. Methods and results: we built a new mechanical device to perform compression and thoracic constriction simultaneously. The device consists of two main elements. Piston in the center is to depress the sternum. Strap is to constrict the thorax circumferentially. Strap is attached to both sides of the piston. When the piston is pushed down, it depresses the sternum and pulls on the thoracic strap. To determine strap width to produce optimal hemodynamic effect, we measured hemodynamic parameters with variable widths of strap in two dogs after induction of ventricular fibrillation. Result of the experiment showed that 10cm wide strap was determined to be most effective. We also determined optimal depth of compression to produce maximal hemodynamic effect with animal experiments using two dogs. Animal experiments showed that the highest aortic pressure could be generated when the stemum was depressed to 5 cm. Cardiopulmonary resusciation using a new device could generate higher systolic aortic pressure, coronary perfusion pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension in comparison with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pilot animal study using two dogs. Conclusion: New cardiopulmonary resuscitation method using a mechanical device designed by us could perform sternal compression and simultaneous thoracic constriction, and generate better hemodynamic effects than standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pilot animal experiments.

형질변형성장인자가 손상골 재생능에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

황의환,이상래,홍정표,이병도 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1995 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.25 No.2

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of TGF-β1, which promotes differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts, on bone regeneration. Experimental bone defects that measured 3 mm in diameter were created on the mandibles of guinea pig by removal of bone with the use of trephine burns. In one side of mandibular body the experimental groups, bone defects were grafted with Biogran(Orthovita Co., U.S.A.) and TGF-β1(R&D System Co., U.S.A.). IN the remaining side of the mandiblar body, the control groups, bone defects were grafted with only Biogran. Guinea pigs in the control and experimental groups were serially terminated by fours on the 3 days, the 1 week, the 2 weeks, the 3 weeks, and the 4 weeks after experiment, and both sides of the mandibular bodies were removed and fixed with 10% neutral formalin. They were decalcified and embedded in paraffin as using the usual method. The specimen sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Also, they were radiographed with a soft X-ray apparatus The obtained results were as follows; 1. Hemorrhagic condition, observed in the granulation tissues, disappeared on the 1 week after experiment in both groups, and more prominent in the experimental group. The granulation tissues of the experimental group had larger number of cells than those of the control group. 2. Osteoblastic differentiation in the margin of grafted material and adjacent bone was observed on the 1 week after experimental in both groups. Also, bone formation was observed in immature form on the 1 week after experiment, and more prominent in the experimental group. 3. In the polarizing microscopic examination, bone matrix was very loose on the 1 week after experiment, but increase in density with time, and more prominent in the experimental group. 4. In the microradiographic examination, newly formed bone was observed in the experimental group on the 2 weeks after experiment, and this was observed earlier than in the control group. Newly formed bone was increased with time and defected area was markedly decreased on the 4 weeks after experiment.

政府投資機關 豫算會計 制度에 관한 硏究

黃末東,박정환 慶南大學校 産業經營硏究所 1990 産業經營 Vol.13 No.-

불국사 조경 양식의 특징

황정환 경주대학교 1993 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

This study tries to consider religious and ideological background which applied to location, space and composition elements and that characteristics of architectural landscape style of Bulguk Temple(in Kyongju, Korea) is cognized to a certain meaning. The following are the results for analysis and synthesis through content interpretation in terms of landscape architectural meaning and it's style. 1. The view of location 1) Harmony between nature and art, sky line and level treatments harmonious with topography and so on be expressed humanistic style which naturalized. This is flowed more human thoughts in it than the display of human control power through natural forces. 2) Bulguk Temple with basic concepts as Pung Shui(the geometric system used in choosing auspicious sites for graves and houses), ideological and religious background has landscape style in symbolism and sacred characters which expressed supreme ideas of the Shilla people. 2. The view of spacial composition 1) Bulguk Temple with mandala's figure which introduced symmetrical composition of asymmetrical elements, and intersected and repeated positive and negative space has ideological zero style connected with moderate thoughts. This appears to have the mean such as perfection, no fault, originality, and unity. 2) It si symbolistic style which expressed multi-dimensional works with dualism of space, the methods of level treatment, the hierarchy of subject and object, and ideological facility planning. 3. The view of composition elements 1) It is style of life that included appropriative landscape method, combination of passive and active elements, transitional effects with forms and materials, and one plus one make new one to be not two. That is to say, it included creative idea which constantly pursuit artistic characters of the nature and active and durable idea which one makes the other one. 2) A construction methods of a reinforcing stone wall was used one principle of design which lead up to the whole space, Religious construction and landscape elements shows itself as architectural landscape elements which unified with monolithic feeling. Accordingly this is a deductive style which get a clue th whole problems with making much of one element. As mentioned above, these style of the Korean Buddhist Temple landscape architecture is not utilitarianism and rationalism but the results that persisted with metaphysical and naturalistic views, The part of sensibility and mentality which ore ancestors have kept in mind against natural environment and man-made environment have flowed in our subconsciousness. Therefore these are an important problem for us to take shape with reconsidered as self-consciousness.

울릉군 천부리 해안 소공원 조성계획

황정환 경주대학교 지역개발연구소 2004 地域開發論叢 Vol.- No.6

This study was attempted to establish landscape beauty, artistry, sense of place, local color and pleasantness, to offer rest and culture places for natives and visitors, and to compose settlement environments of pleasant, toward improving livelihood conditions of fishing village for the heightening of Ulleung's image as a whole, the offer of benefit, the upturn planning of sightseeing effect and the creation image of Ulleung's symbol and pleasant at the small-park on the adjacent seashore in the Ulleung-gun Chunbu-li. This plan was composed with the sight analysis, the make up direction of development, the concept of circulation system, the concept of introduction programs, facilities and activities, and the others foundation plan. This plan be expected several kinds effect, the first is improving the image of Ulleung through with promotion environment quality on Ulleung's circular road, the second is offering standard to similar development on the other sites, the others are the effects of regional environmental improvement, the balanced development of tourist attractions, the creation of regional culture and the effects of tourist dispersion in Ulleung-gun.

치성 및 비치성 조직이 악골 창상치유에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

황의환,이상래,김소정,홍정표 大韓口腔顎顔面放射線學會 1996 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.26 No.2

This study was for comparing healing patterns and effects between with odontogenic and nonodontogenic tissues on the defected mandible. Experimental bone defects that measured 3 mm in diameter were created on the mandibular body of guinea pig by removal of bone with the use of trephine burs and bone defects were grafted with Biogran(Orthovita Co., U.S.A.)and covered with Dura Mata(Pfrimmer-Viggo GmbH Co., Germany). Guinea pigs were serially terminated by fours on the 3 day, the 1 week, the 2 weeks. the 3 weeks, the 4 weeks, and the 5 weeks after experiment, and the mandibular body was removed and fixed with 10% neutral formalin. They were decalcified adnembedded in paraffin as using the usual methods. The specimen sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue. They were observed with a light microscope and a polarizing microscope. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Defected bone was healed fast from the odontogenic tissues in early stage of the experiment. 2. The arrangement of the bone matrix was relatively regular in the bone from the nonodontogenic tissues, but irregular in the bone from the odontogenic tissues. 3. Compact bone has started to be resorbed and changed to the pattern of matrix bone tissue from 3 weeks after experiment.