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Polymeric Nanoparticle-Based Activatable Near-Infrared Nanosensor for Protease Determination In Vivo
Lee, Seulki,Ryu, Ju Hee,Park, Kyeongsoon,Lee, Aeju,Lee, Seung-Young,Youn, In-Chan,Ahn, Cheol-Hee,Yoon, Soon Man,Myung, Seung-Jae,Moon, Dae Hyuk,Chen, Xiaoyuan,Choi, Kuiwon,Kwon, Ick Chan,Kim, Kwangmey American Chemical Society 2009 Nano letters Vol.9 No.12
<P>We report here a new protease activatable strategy based on a polymer nanoparticle platform. This nanosensor delivers chemically labeled matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-activatable fluorogenic peptides to the specific MMPs of interest in vivo. Intravenous administration of the nanosensor in an MMP-positive SCC-7 xenograft tumor and a colon cancer mouse model verified the enzyme specificity of the nanosensor in vivo. The design platform of the nanosensor is flexible and can be fine-tuned for a wide array of applications such as the detection of biomarkers, early diagnosis of disease, and monitoring therapeutic efficacy.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2009/nalefd.2009.9.issue-12/nl902709m/production/images/medium/nl-2009-02709m_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl902709m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Lee, Jaehee,Lee, So Yeon,Choi, Keum Ju,Lim, Jae Kwang,Yoo, Seung Soo,Lee, Shin Yup,Cha, Seung Ick,Park, Jae Yong,Kim, Chang Ho The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.4
Background: Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy is often required for rapid and confirmative diagnosis in patients with suspected pleural tuberculosis (PL-TB). However, this method is more invasive and costly than its alternatives. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical utility of the chest computed tomography (CT)-based bronchial aspirate (BA) TB-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in such patients. Methods: Bronchoscopic evaluation was performed in 54 patients with presumptive PL-TB through diagnostic thoracentesis but without a positive result of sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear, pleural fluid AFB smear, or pleural fluid TB-PCR test. Diagnostic yields of BA were evaluated according to the characteristics of parenchymal lesions on chest CT. Results: Chest radiograph and CT revealed parenchymal lesions in 25 (46%) and 40 (74%) of 54 patients, respectively. In cases with an absence of parenchymal lesions on chest CT, the bronchoscopic approach had no diagnostic benefit. BA TB-PCR test was positive in 21 out of 22 (95%) patients with early-positive results. Among BA results from 20 (37%) patients with patchy consolidative CT findings, eight (40%) were AFB smear-positive, 18 (90%) were TB-PCR-positive, and 19 (95%) were culture-positive. Conclusion: The BA TB-PCR test seems to be a satisfactory diagnostic modality in patients with suspected PL-TB and patchy consolidative CT findings. For rapid and confirmative diagnosis in these patients, the bronchoscopic approach with TB-PCR may be preferable to the thoracoscopy.
Integration Processes in Conceptual Blending
Ju-ick Lee,Sungchool Im 담화·인지언어학회 2012 담화와 인지 Vol.19 No.1
This paper aims to clarify the diversity of integration processes in Conceptual blending. Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT) is an effective framework in that it can capture an implication of specific content and/or an expression which is not presented by conceptual metaphor theory (CMT). Despite the merits of CBT, in linguistics many of the existing studies on it have focused on text format, such as phrases and sentences. This study shows that CBT plays a crucial role in the interpretation of a combination of both verbal and visual languages. We are also able to glean from this study the necessity of increasing the number of input spaces and blended spaces in a conceptual integration network of CBT, rather than restricting the analysis to the minimal network involving four mental spaces (i.e. the generic space, the two input spaces, and the blended space). This more complex approach supports the probability that the interpretation of one scenario and/or context may be diverse depending on the readers. Finally, the results of this study suggest that CBT is a theoretical framework for exploring the creative construction of meaning and novel conceptualizations as well as human information integration.
Conceptual Metaphor: From Single to Multiple and from Monomodal to Multimodal
Ju Ick Lee 언어과학회 2013 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.67
Since the birth of the conceptual metaphor theory in cognitive linguistics, there have been massive advancements in the study of metaphors. However, studies of conceptual metaphors have mostly covered verbal expressions, focusing mainly on the level of a single metaphor. Thus, little information currently exists on nonverbal metaphors and the possibility of multiple metaphors within a given context. In this paper, two aspects of conceptual metaphors in comic strips that use a combination of verbal and visual languages are analyzed. The first is the modality of individual metaphors; the second is the hierarchy within groups of multiple metaphors in a single comic strip. As a result, this study provides a structure of monomodal and multimodal metaphorical manifestations in terms of domains and modes, as well as the interplay between monomodal and multimodal metaphors. In addition, the relationships between multiple metaphors, which are deeply essential to the construal and interpretation of themes in comic strips, are investigated closely.
Interaction between Metaphor and Metonymy:
Ju ick Lee 현대문법학회 2014 현대문법연구 Vol.78 No.-
Since the birth of the theories of conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy in cognitive linguistics, there have been massive advancements in the study thereof, leading to a focus of attention on the interactions between them. However, the studies of their interplay have mostly covered verbal expressions. The purpose of this study is not only to examine the systemic and elaborate patterns in which metaphor interacts with metonymy in a combination of verbal and visual languages using tools such as sequencing and cueing, but also to demonstrate the systemic process of realization of the two cognitive mechanisms. Moreover, I present the elements of Idealized Cognitive Models in metonymic mappings, including the relationship between domain and category. The data of the prototypical Great Chain of Being metaphor is ideal to achieve optimal accuracy and specificity in the study results.
Ick Joon Cho,Woong-Ki Chung,Joon Kyoo Lee,Min-Cheol Lee,Jayeong Paek,Yong-Hyub Kim,Jae-Uk Jeong,Mee Sun Yoon,Ju-Young Song,Taek-Keun Nam,Sung-Ja Ahn,Dong Hoon Lee,Tae Mi Yoon,Sang-Chul Lim 대한방사선종양학회 2019 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.37 No.4
Purpose: To investigate the differences in treatment outcomes between two radiation techniques, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 160 (IMRT = 23, 3DCRT = 137) patients with stage I glottic cancer treated from January 2005 through December 2016. The IMRT was performed with TomoTherapy (16 patients), volumetric-modulated arc therapy (6 patients), and step-and-shoot technique (1 patient), respectively. The 3DCRT was performed with bilateral parallel opposing fields. The median follow-up duration was 30 months (range, 31 to 42 months) in the IMRT group and 65 months (range, 20 to 143 months) in the 3DCRT group. Results: The 5-year overall survival and 3-year local control rates of the 160 patients were 95.7% and 91.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference in 3-year local control rates between the IMRT and 3DCRT groups (94.4% vs. 91.0%; p = 0.587). Thirteen of 137 patients in the 3DCRT group had recurrences. In the IMRT group, one patient had a recurrence at the true vocal cord. Patients treated with IMRT had less grade 2 skin reaction than the 3DCRT group, but this had no statistical significance (4.3% vs. 21.2%; p = 0.080). Conclusion: IMRT had comparable outcomes with 3DCRT, and a trend of less acute skin reaction in stage I glottic cancer patients
Lee, Won-Kyu,Kim, Hye-Jung,Min, Hye-Ki,Kang, Un-Beom,Lee, Cheol-Ju,Lee, Sang-Won,Kim, Ick-Young,Lee, Seung-Taek,Kwon, Oh-Seung,Yu, Yeon-Gyu Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.9
Proteomic analyses of synaptic vesicle fraction from rat brain have been performed for the better understanding of vesicle regulation and signal transmission. Two different approaches were applied to identify proteins in synaptic vesicle fraction. First, the isolated synaptic vesicle proteins were treated with trypsin, and the resulting peptides were analyzed using a high-pressure capillary reversed phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (cRPLC/MS/MS). Alternatively, proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Total 18 and 52 proteins were identified from cRPLC/MS-MS and 2DE-MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, respectively. Among them only 2 proteins were identified by both methods. Of the proteins identified, 70% were soluble proteins and 30% were membrane proteins. They were categorized by their functions in vesicle trafficking and biogenesis, energy metabolism, signal transduction, transport and unknown functions. Among them, 27 proteins were not previously reported as synaptic proteins. The cellular functions of unknown proteins were estimated from the analysis of domain structure, expression profile and predicted interaction partners.