국방위원장체제의 이데올로기와 특징

이종국 ( Jong Guk Lee ) 북한연구학회 2005 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.9 No.2

This Article talk issue with ideology of Kim Jong-Il`s Regime and the characteristic of Kim Jong-Il`s National Defense Commission(NDC). In particular, I focuses on threes points. First, Historically since 1960, The Role of the Korean People`s Army(KPA) is an overwhelming power and plays a vital role in North Korea. Under Kim Jong-Il, The KPA has increased its political, social stature. In result, It plays important the pillar and main force revolution national security in North Korea society. Second, North Korea`s military system is situated in the decision making group. National Defense Commission, Central Military Committee, Ministry of people`s Armed Forces. Military and Security command structure set policy and overseas its implementations by the other military organizations. Especially, National Defense Commission controls Ministry of people`s Armed Forces. Third, Ideology of Kim Jong-Il`s Regime consist of Juche, the teachings left Kim Il Sung, the ideas Red Flag, Priority of Military, Strong State. It force North Korean people to self sacrifice and total obedience and absolute loyalty to him. Consequently, Supreme Commander of Kim is credited with army-people unity, promoting the army as a model for North Korean society. The logic of Priority of Military and Strong military state reproduce a government by a single person having unrestricted power.

보직교사에 대한 역할기대와 역할수행 지각

신종국,한일조 금오공과대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

The study was attempted to analyse the teachers' perception of chief teachers' role expectation and role performance. A questionnaire asking teachers' thinking of chief teachers' role expectation and role performance was distributed over 320 high school teachers selected by stratified rancbm sampling throughout Gurni, Girnchon, and Sangju area of Gyeongbuk Province. Ordinary teachers tended to see chief teachers' role performance as 'so and so', responding positively to the questions of office and assistant work but negatively to the questions of lead/advice, mediation/arbitration, and human relationship work Teachers also expected high of chief teachers' role, especially in the field of mediation/arbitration. And generally ordinary teachers' role expectation of chief teachers was higher than their valuation of role performance, reaching the highest in mediation/arbitration.

내용기반 이미지 검색을 위한 문자-에지 맵의 특징을 이용한 자연이미지에서의 텍스트 영역 추출

박종천,황동국,이우람,권교현,전병민 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2006 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.14 No.2

자연이미지에 포함된 텍스트는 많은 중요한 정보를 포함하고 있다. 그러므로 자연이미지에서 텍스트를 추출할 수 있다면 다양한 분야에서 활용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 문자-에지 맵 패턴 히스토그램을 분석함으로서 텍스트 영역을 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 첫 번째 단계로, Canny 에지 검출기로 에지를 추출하여 16가지 에지 맵을 생성하고, 두 번째 단계로 16가지 에지 맵을 조합하여 문자 특징을 갖는 8가지 문자-에지 맵을 생성한다. 세 번째 단계로 8가지 문자-에지 맵과 16가지 에지 맵을 이용하여 텍스트 후보 영역을 추출 하고, 마지막으로 텍스트 후보 영역에 대한 검증은 문자-에지 맵의 패턴 히스토그램 및 텍스트 영역의 구조적 특징을 이용하여 수행하였다. 실험결과 제안한 방법은 복잡한 배경, 다양한 글꼴, 다양한 텍스트 컬러로 구성된 자연이미지에서 텍스트 영역을 효과적으로 추출하였다. The text to be included in the natural images has many important information. Therefore, if we can extract the text in natural images, it can be applied to many important applications. In this paper, we propose a text region extraction method using pattern histogram of character-edge maps. In the first step, we extract edges with the Canny edge detector and create 16 kinds of edge maps from the extracted edges. In the second step, we make 8 kinds of character-edge maps that has a character features with combination of edge maps. In the third step, we extract a text regions using 8 kinds of character-edge maps and 16 kinds of edge maps. Finally, verification about candidate of the text regions uses pattern histogram of character-edge maps and structural features of text regions. The proposed method is experimented with various kinds of natural images. Experimental results show that the proposed method extracts a text regions composed of complex background, various letters, various text colors effectively.

가스 마이크로 검출기의 불감영역(Dead zone)의 연구

김종국,김도현,주관식 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 2004 자연과학논문집 Vol.23 No.-

반도체 공정기법을 도입한 방서선 위치검출기인 가스마이크로 검출기(Gas-Micro Detector)는 높은 효율(both Quantum and Gain)과 우수한 위치분해능(Spatial resolution)을 구현하기 위하여 인가전압을 최대화 하고 양극선과 음극선 간격(half pitch)의 최소화 하려는 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 검출기의 수명과 효율에 치명적 손상을 초래하는 전자사태영역(Avajanche Region)에서의 전기장 강화의 한계점과 인가전압에 의한 양극선과 음극선 주위의 등진위선, 전기장선, 그리고 전기장의 세기를 실험과 시뮬레이션(Maxwell program)을 통해 조사하였다. 이 연구로부터 전하수집능력(rate capability)을 저하시키고, 미세한 전극간의 전기장을 교란시킴으로 효율의 불안정과 스파크현상을 초래시켜 검출기의 수명을 손상시키는 불갑영역(Dead Zone)이 존재함을 고찰하였다. Research work for improving image quality has been continued up to the present. Especially, the Gas Micro Detector (GMD) is a new class of radiation detectors in last decade. Due to its good characteristics such as better spatial resolution, better rate capability, higher gain, and lower cost, the GMD may have many potential application as a sensor in medical X-ray imaging, nuclear and high energy physics experiments, and many other fields requiring particle detection and measurement. By continual effort to improve image quality, it need to apply higher voltage and get reduced the spacing between anodes and cathodes in a small cross sectional area. In this work, we present studies of the behavior of gas gain with regard to drift field intensity, anode voltage (Va), drift voltage (Vd), different geometry pitches, electric potential field around cathode-anode strips, time dependence, and several operating parameters for detector's operating. Moreover, estimates of limits of electrical discharge energies are being presented based on computer simulation, Maxwell program package, to explain electrostatic field distortion by charge. From this experimental results, Dead Zone provided a field distortion, a relatively long charge collection time and hence loss of rate capability. We find out which geometric design has to be developed to improve high gain stability as well as detector's lifetime.

말뚝이 매입된 연약지반의 변형거동

裵鍾淳,權正烈,鄭晳允,朴卿局 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.-

When embankment is constructed on soft ground, lateral displacements and consolidation settlements develops. When load work on the soft clay ground, we can earn the following result through model test that is the lateral displacement by the piles embedded distance(L) and the piles spacing rate(s/D). 1. As increasing L and s/D, the maximum heaving height(HH Max) of the ground was also increasing, and the maximum heaving distance(HL Max) became far from the end of the load. 2. As L and s/D was increasing, the maximum of the lateral displacement(SL Max) became increasing, and The location of the maximum lateral displacement(SL Max) occurred in the -0.17~-0.28B spot regardless L and s/D. 3. HH Maxof the ground is proportional to SL Max

Primary Chronic Atrophic Gastritis 例에 있어서의 血淸 vitamin B₁₂値 關한 硏究

金宗克 고려대학교 의과대학 1981 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.18 No.2

Author has measured RBC count, hemoglobin level and hematocrit value including serum vitamin B₁₂ level on 106 patients with primary chronic atrophic gastritis confirmed by the gastrofiberscopy and tissue biopsy visiting to the Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Hospital from December, 1979 to October, 1980, and tried to establish the pathogenetic role of primary chronic atrophic gastritis in developing pernicious anemia. RBC count, hemoglobin level and hematocrit value which signify hematologic guideposts of anemia showed normal ranges; the serum vitamin B₁₂ levels appeared normal ranges with its M±176.6 pg/㎗ in all cases with primary chronic atrophic gastritis. The most common site of the involvement of chronic atrophic gastritis is antrum and body by showing 50.9 per cent in its frequency. The second most common site of the involvement consists in the entire wall of the stomach of antrum, body and fundus by 41.6 percent. It is concluded that the primary chronic atrophic gastritis does not supposedly play a role in developing pernicious anemia. Active studies concerning the relationship between chronic atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia have to be performed immunologically in the future.

獨逸法上의 計劃確定決定의 集中效

朴鍾局 한국공법학회 2003 公法硏究 Vol.32 No.1

Sowohl zu den Planungsinstrumenten als auch zu den Instrumenten der direkten Verhaltenssteuerung la¨ßt sich die Planfeststellung rechnen. Die Rechtsprechung hat sie wiederholt dem Bereich der Planung zugeordnet. Das Ziel der Beurteilung der Zula¨ssigkeit eines einzelnen Vorhabens ru¨ckt die Planfeststellung indes in die Na¨he der Genehmigung. Die Durchfu¨hrung eines Planfeststellungsverfahrens (§§72ff. VwVfG) und dessen Abschluß durch Planfeststellungsbeschluß oder Plangenehmigung ist nicht nur ha¨ufig bei der Ero¨ffnungskontrolle von umweltrelevanten Großvorhanben gesetzlich angeordnet. Mittlerweile gibt es auch eine Reihe von Planfeststellungen mit umweltschutzspezifischem Charakter (Vgl.§31 Abs. 2 u. 3 KrW-/AbfG;§31 Abs. 2 u. 3WHG; §9b Atomgesets). Unterschiede zur Genehmigung liegen vor allem in der Weite der ejeweiligen Entscheidungsspielra¨ume und in der Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens. Planfeststellungsbeschlu¨sse und Plangenehmigungen zeichnen sich ferner durch ihre Konzentrationswirkung aus (§§67 Abs. 1; 74 Abs. 6 S.2 VwVfG). Jeder Erlaubnis kommt Gestattungswirkung zu. Daneben kann sie aber entsprechend den einschla¨gigen Vorschriften privatrechtsgestaltende Wirkung (Ausschlußwirkung) und Konzentrationswirkung haben. Privatrechtsgestaltende Wirkung hat eine Erlaubnis etwa, wenn sie den Betrieb der Anlage nicht nur o¨ffentlich-rechtlich zula¨ßt, sondern auch privatrechtliche Anspru¨che Dritter gegen den Betrieb abschneidet (vgl.§14 BlmSchG;7 Abs. 6 Atomgesetz;§11 WHG). Eine Konzentratioinswirkung kann in den Fa¨llen gesetzlich angeordnet werden, in denen ein bestimmtes Verhalten mehrere Erlaubnisse bedarf. Nach außen ist dann nur eine einzige Erlaubnis notwendig, welche die anderen Entscheidungen mit einschließt. Das setzt verwaltungsintern wechselseitige Beteiligungen und die Herstellung von Einvernehmen unter den zusta¨ndigen Beho¨rden voraus. In speziellen Fachgesetzen ist z. T. vorgesehen, daß es neben der Erteilung anderer Erlaubnisse und Genehmigungen einer gesonderten Erteilung der Baugenehmigung nicht mehr bedarf und diese Erlaubnisse und Genehmigungen damit eine Konzent-rationswirkung besitzen. So schließt gem.§13 BImSchG eine nach Maßgabe der §§4ff. BIm SchG I. V. mit der 4. Verordnung zur Durchfu¨hrung des BImSchG vom 14. 3. 1997 (BGBI. I, S.504) notwendige immissionsschutzrechtliche Genehmigung die Baugenehmigung ein. Fu?r eine Genehmigung nach §7 AtG gilt dies nur dann, wenn entweder die anzunehmende Landesbauordnung die Konzentrationswirkung anordnet (z. B.§48 Ⅲ 1 BW LBO) oder gem.§8 Ⅱ 1 AtG, wenn die atomrechtliche Genehmigung zugleich einer Genehmigung nach§4 BImSchG bedarf. Entsprechendes ist fu¨r Erlaubnisse nach den aufgrund des§11 Gera¨tesicherheitsgesetz erlassenen Vorschriften z. B. in§48 Ⅲ 1 BW LBO angeordnet. Eine Konzentrationswirkung kommt gem.§§75 I 1, 74 VI 2 VwVfG auch Planfeststellungsbeschlu¨ssen und Plangenehmigungen zu. Die Entbehrlichkeit einer Baugenehmigung bedeutet dabei nicht, daß die bauordnungsrechtlichen Bestimmungen fu¨r die Erteilung der aufgrund anderer Gesetze mit Konzentrationswirkung ausgestatteten Erlaubnisse und Planfeststellungsbeschlu¨sse irrelevant sind. Vielmehr sind sie grundsa¨tzlich auch beim Erlaß der in den Fachgesetzen geregelten Erlaubnisse, Genehmigungsverfahren sowie bei Planfeststellungsbeschlu¨ssen zu beachten. Das Ziel des streng formalisiert ausgestalteten Verwaltungsverfahrens, das mit dem Planfeststellungsbeschluß endet, besteht darin darin, die durch den Bau einer Straße vielfa¨ltig beru¨hrten, oftmals kollidierenden Belange einander verha¨ltnisma¨ßig zuzuordnen und auszugleichen. Ausgehend von dieser Vorgabe wird das Planfeststellungsverfahren in haltlich insbesondere von den Grundsa¨tzen der Problembewa¨ltigung und ger gerechten Abwa¨gung beherrscht, vgl.§17 Abs. S.2 FStrG. Der Grundsatz der Problembewa?ltigung begru¨ndet die Verpflichtung, im Rahmen eines Planfeststellungsbeschlusses eine einheitliche Planungsentscheidung zu treffen. Ein Vorbehalt spa¨terer Planerga¨nzung ist als Ausnahme von diesem Gebot nur dann zula¨ssig, wenn der Vorbehalt ausdru¨cklich im Planfeststellungsbeschluß enthalten ist und seinerseits die Grenzen planerischer Gestaltungsfreiheit, insbesondere das Abwa¨gungsgebot, beachtet,§74 Abs. 3 VwVfG. Eine enteignungsrechtliche Planfeststellung ist subsidia¨r gegenu¨ber anderen Planfeststellungsverfahren, die zwingend vorgeschrieben oder in das Ermessen der Planfeststellungsbeho¨rde gestellt sind. Auch der enteignungsrechtliche Planfeststellungsbeschluß ist ein Verwaltungsakt, gegen, den die Betroffenen die gleichen Rechtsschutzmo¨glichkeiten wie gegen einen straßenrechtlichen Planfeststellungsbeschluß haben. Im Gegensatz zu diesem entfaltet er jedoch keine Genehmigungs und Konzentrationswirkung. Folgendermaßen ist der Inhalt der Konzentrationswirkung von Planfeststellungsbeschluß im VwVfG; Ⅰ. Einleitung Ⅱ. Rechtsgrund der Konzentrationswirkung von Planfeststellungsverfahren im VwVfG. Ⅲ. Gegenstand der Konzentrationswirkung von Planfeststellungsbeschluß im VwVfG. Ⅳ. Grad der Konzentrationswirkung von Planfeststellungsbeschluß im VwVfG. Ⅴ. Schlußbemerkung.

버팀지지대의 선행하중에 따른 흙막이벽의 거동특성

裵鐘淳,權正烈,權敏載,朴卿局 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2001 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.1 No.-

Urban excavation require highly reliable prediction technique for the design and construction of earth retaining structures in order to protect adjacent structures around deep excavation. Application of the pre-loading of bracing for deep excavation has been reported and known beneficial in reducing settlement behind the retaining wall. But this beneficial effects are net fully understood and recognized by many practitioners. Model tests have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of pre-loading system in reducing ground settlement as well as adjacent structural damages around excavation in sand. The test results revealed that the applied pre-loading of approximately 50% showed effective reduction in the maximum lateral wall displacement and the maximum magnitude of ground surface settlements, Also, bracing forces and earth-pressure distribution behind the wal1 have been monitored during pre-loading at various excavation swages.

신경회로망(LANG)을 이용한 인쇄체 한글 인식

이종국,이태주,남인길 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 1992 産業技術硏究 Vol.11 No.-

In this paper, a recognition system for Printed Korean Character is proposed. Next to decomposing into three subpattern for a character with subpattern decomposition algorithm proposed by our Lab., it extracts directional codes of a phoneme by Rule Base System and then recognizes a character with Neural Network. Optimal codes of a phoneme is obtained by applying rule based on seven basic strock types to each strocks and processing two-stage translation, that is deletion for input noise and insertion for loss. For a character recognition, extracted direction codes are presented as input to Neural Network(LANG, mode).

환경시료 중의 다이옥신류 분석방법에 관한 연구

김종국,신은섭 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

An analytical method was investigated for the isomer-specific determination of tetra to octa chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in environmental samples A series of column chromatographic clean up, silicagel, alumina, activated carbon, were discussed. Identification and quantification were performed using high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. The result shows that the toxicologically important 2,3,7,8-substituted isomers can be separated from other isomers with two GC columns of DB-5 and DB-17. The range of internal standard recoveries were 71.3∼91.9% with 5.7∼11.3% standard deviations for environmental samples. The detection limits were 0.01∼0.1pg/g dry weight, for semident and soil samples, and 0.01∼0.06pg/g wet weight for organism samples.