Gender, Technology, and the Potential for Social Marginalization : Kuala Lumpur and Singapore

Helen JOHNSON Ewha Womans University Press 2003 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.9 No.1

My paper describes a study that links gender with gechnology use in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. It argues that technology use is a significant 21st century social phenomenon due to the rise of consumption-based economics and government plans for technologically-led recoveries in the Aisa-Pacific. It describes how gender interacts with other cultural differences to shape the social use and effects of technology.

USPTO의 특허통계

Robert Johnson 한국특허정보원 2006 Patent 21 Vol.65 No.-

본 보고서는 2005년 11월 3일 개최된 PATINEX(PATent INformation EXpo)에서 USPTO의 Mr. Robert Johnson이 발표한 자료인 "Patent Statistics of the U.S.Patent and Trademark Office"를 국문으로 재작성한 글입니다. <혁신기획팀 김민아 역>

INSIGHTS INTO RETAIL THERAPY SHOPPERS: EXPERIENCES SOUGHT, BEHAVIORAL SETTING, AND TIES TO SHOPPING ADDICTION

Jennifer Yurchisin,Kim K. P. Johnson,Haesung Whang,Kittichai Watchravesringkan 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Retail therapy occurs when consumers shop to improve negative feelings rather than merely acquire a needed product (Kang & Johnson, 2011). Retailers in all channels enable consumers to have positive emotional responses by providing them with positive experiences. Pine and Gilmore (1999) identified four types of experiences sought by consumers: entertainment, education, escapism, and esthetics (i.e., 4Es). It is not known which, if any, of the 4Es motivate offline and online retail therapy shopping trips. Retail therapy shoppers may seek different benefits in open, online stores (where they have a great deal of freedom) versus closed, brick-and-mortar stores (where they are limited by time and space) (Bhate & Hannam, 2014). When retail therapy shoppers have experiences they desire, they should experience positive emotional reactions (i.e., pleasure, arousal) (Donovan & Rossiter, 1982). Furthermore, consumers who experience positive emotional reactions tend to display impulse buying behavior (Chang, Eckman, & Yan, 2011). Engaging in impulse buying while retail therapy shopping may encourage compulsive buying behavior (Kang & Johnson, 2011), the most severe form of which is shopping addiction (Edwards, 1993). Based on this collection of previous research, the following hypotheses were developed: H1: Among retail therapy shoppers, the amount of a) entertainment b) education, c) escapism, and d) esthetics sought will be significantly different between 1) offline stores and 2) online stores. H2: Retail therapy behavior will be positively related to level of a) pleasure and b) arousal experienced while shopping. H3a: Level of pleasure experienced while shopping will be positively related to impulse buying behavior. H3b. Level of arousal experienced while shopping will be positively related to impulse buying behavior. H4: Among retail therapy shoppers, impulse buying behavior will be positively related to shopping addiction behavior.Method Using Amazon’s MTurk, 409 consumers (62.6% female; 72.0% Caucasian; 36.5% 30-39 years old) were recruited for an online survey. Participants were first asked to indicate if they had experience shopping for clothing to improve their mood. Clothing was selected as the focus of the study because it is a gender-neutral product frequently purchased during retail therapy (Atalay & Meloy, 2011). Only participants who had engaged in retail therapy behavior were asked to complete the rest of the questionnaire. The next five sections of the questionnaire contained multi-item, 7-point, Likert-type scales previously used to assess the variables in the study. Demographic information was also collected. Results To test H1, a series of t-tests was conducted to compare the benefits sought by retail therapy shoppers in open and closed settings. The means for each of the 4 Es were significantly greater for the closed setting of the store than the open setting of the website. Therefore, H1 was supported. Two regression models were created to test H2a and b. The coefficients for retail therapy were positively and significantly related to pleasure (β = .87; t = 35.70; p < 0.000) and arousal (β = .85; t = 32.52; p < 0.00). Thus, H2a and b were both supported. To examine H3a and b, another regression model was created. The coefficients for pleasure (β = .25; t = 4.51; p < 0.00) and arousal (β = .64; t = 11.69; p < 0.00) were positive and significant. Thus, H3a and H3b were both supported. Lastly, to test H4, a final regression model was created. The coefficient for impulse buying behavior (β = .93; t = 51.49; p < 0.00) was positive and significant, supporting H4. Discussion The results of the present study shed light on retail therapy shopping behavior. Consumers do seek the 4Es when therapeutically shopping for clothing, and they seek the 4Es to a greater degree in closed, offline environments. Perhaps the need to delay gratification in offline stores raises expectations of experiences that can be received immediately in online stores. Participants experienced pleasure and arousal when engaging in retail therapy behavior, thereby supporting researchers (Kang & Johnson, 2011) who conceptualized retail therapy behavior as mood-alleviative consumption behavior. The positive emotions experienced while clothing shopping were related to retail therapy shoppers’ impulse buying behavior, which was positively related to shopping addiction. The success experienced by individuals who engage in shopping behavior to improve their mood seems to encourage future shopping trips to enhance positive emotions. Thus, a troubling pattern of overconsumption may develop if retail therapy shoppers do not find additional methods for mood-alleviation.

Smart Lipopolypeptide Materials for Efficient Intracellular Delivery and Targetability

Johnson V. John,Renjith P. Johnson,Renjie Liu,Hua Jin,Jaeyeong Bae,Il Kim 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

Poly(PEGA)-b-poly(l-lysine)-b-poly(l-histidine) Hybrid Vesicles for Tumoral pH-Triggered Intracellular Delivery of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride.

Johnson, Renjith P,Uthaman, Saji,John, Johnson V,Lee, Hye Ri,Lee, Sang Joon,Park, Huiju,Park, In-Kyu,Suh, Hongsuk,Kim, Il American Chemical Society 2015 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.7 No.39

<P>A series of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate-block-poly(l-lysine)-block-poly(l-histidine) [p(PEGA)30-b-p(Lys)25-b-p(His)n] (n = 25, 50, 75, 100) triblock copolypeptides were designed and synthesized for tumoral pH-responsive intracellular release of anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox). The tumoral acidic pH-responsive hybrid vesicles fabricated were stable at physiological pH 7.4 and could gradually destabilize in acidic pH as a result of pH-induced swelling of the p(His) block. The blank vesicles were nontoxic over a wide concentration range (0.01-100 관g/mL) in normal cell lines. The tumor acidic pH responsiveness of these vesicles was exploited for intracellular delivery of Dox. Vesicles efficiently encapsulated Dox, and pH-induced destabilization resulted in the controlled and sustained release of Dox in CT26 murine cancer cells, and dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The tumor-specific controlled release Dox from vesicles demonstrates this system represents a promising theranostic agent for tumor-targeted delivery.</P>

Dual Stimuli-Responsive Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide)-<i>b</i>-poly(<small>l</small>-histidine) Chimeric Materials for the Controlled Delivery of Doxorubicin into Liver Carcinoma

Johnson, Renjith P.,Jeong, Young−,Il,John, Johnson V.,Chung, Chung-Wook,Kang, Dae Hwan,Selvaraj, Manickam,Suh, Hongsuk,Kim, Il American Chemical Society 2013 Biomacromolecules Vol.14 No.5

<P>A series of dual stimuli responsive synthetic polymer bioconjugate chimeric materials, poly(<I>N</I>-isopropylacrylamide)<SUB>55</SUB>-<I>block</I>-poly(<SMALL>l</SMALL>-histidine)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB> [p(NIPAM)<SUB>55</SUB>-<I>b</I>-p(His)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB>] (<I>n</I> = 50, 75, 100, 125), have been synthesized by employing reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of NIPAM, followed by ring–opening polymerization of α-amino acid <I>N</I>-carboxyanhydrides. The dual stimuli responsive properties of the resulting biocompatiable and membrenolytic p(NIPAM)<SUB>55</SUB>-<I>b</I>-p(His)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB> polymers are investigated for their use as a stimuli responsive drug carrier for tumor targeting. Highly uniform self-assembled micelles (∼55 nm) fabricated by p(NIPAM)<SUB>55</SUB>-<I>b</I>-p(His)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB> polymers display sharp thermal and pH responses in aqueous media. An anticancer drug, doxorubicin (Dox), is effectively encapsulated in the micelles and the controlled Dox release is investigated in different temperature and pH conditions. Antitumor effect of the released Dox is also assessed using the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Dox molecules released from the [p(NIPAM)<SUB>55</SUB>-<I>b</I>-p(His)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB>] micelles remain biologically active and have stimuli responsive capability to kill cancer cells. The self-assembling ability of these hybrid materials into uniform micelles and their efficiency to encapsulate Dox makes them a promising drug carrier to cancer cells. The new chimeric materials thus display tunable properties that can make them useful for a molecular switching device and controlled drug delivery applications needing responses to temperature and pH for the improvement of cancer chemotherapy.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bomaf6/2013/bomaf6.2013.14.issue-5/bm400089m/production/images/medium/bm-2013-00089m_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/bm400089m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Dual Stimuli-Responsive Vesicular Nanospheres Fabricated by Lipopolymer Hybrids for Tumor-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy

John, Johnson V.,Chung, Chung-Wook,Johnson, Renjith P.,Jeong, Young-Il,Chung, Kyu-Don,Kang, Dae Hwan,Suh, Hongsuk,Chen, Hongyu,Kim, Il American Chemical Society 2016 Biomacromolecules Vol.17 No.1

<P>Smart delivery system of photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) has been developed for targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT). Simple self-assemblies of the mixtures comprising soybean lecithin derived phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine-poly(L-histidine)(40) (PE-p-(His)(40)), and folic acid (FA) conjugated phosphatidylethanolamine-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(40) (PE-p(NIPAM)(40)-FA) in different ratios yield smart nanospheres characterized by (i) stable and uniform particle size (similar to 100 nm), (ii) positive surface charge, (iii) high hydrophobic drug (Ce6) loading efficiency up to 45%, (iv) covalently linked targeting moiety, (v) low cytotoxicity, and (vi) smartness showing p(His) block oriented pH and p(NIPAM) oriented temperature responsiveness. The Ce6-encapsulated vesicular nanospheres (Ce6@VNS) were used to confirm the efficiency of cellular uptake, intracellular distribution, and phototoxicity against KB tumor cells compared to free Ce6 at different temperature and pH conditions. The Ce6@VNS system showed significant photodynamic therapeutic efficiency on KB cells than free Ce6. A receptor-mediated inhibition study proved the site-specific delivery of Ce6 in targeted tumor cells.</P>

Building Knowledge around Complex Objects using Inforbright Data Warehousing Technology

Julia Ann Johnson,Genevieve Marie Johnson 보안공학연구지원센터 2010 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.3 No.2

자료 : 북폭(北爆)에 대한 미대통령견해: 1967. 3. 1

( Lyndon B. Johnson ) 서울대학교 국제문제연구소 1976 세계정치 Vol.3 No.1

Glutathione and endosomal pH-responsive hybrid vesicles fabricated by zwitterionic polymer block poly(l-aspartic acid) as a smart anticancer delivery platform

Johnson, R.P.,Uthaman, S.,Augustine, R.,Zhang, Y.,Jin, H.,Choi, C.I.,Park, I.K.,Kim, I. Elsevier 2017 Reactive & functional polymers Vol.119 No.-

Zwitterionic hybrid block copolymer based nanocarriers are ideal candidates for drug delivery applications due the higher resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption in complex media compared to nonionic polymers. Especially, zwitterionic poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) p(MPC) based nanocarriers can maintain its stability during circulation in complex media, such as serum. Thus, a series of bioreducible and pH-responsive zwitterionic/amphiphilic block copolymers, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)<SUB>50</SUB>-block-poly(l-aspartic acid)<SUB>n</SUB> (p(MPC)<SUB>50</SUB>-b-p(AA)<SUB>n</SUB>) (n=10, 25, 50, 75), bearing a degradable disulfide linker have been synthesized and exploited as dual-stimuli-responsive drug delivery vehicle of the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (Dox). Dox was successfully loaded into uniform vesicles (~100nm) fabricated from p(MPC)<SUB>50</SUB>-b-p(AA)<SUB>n</SUB> and the release performance was investigated under different pH conditions and with a range of concentrations of the reducing agent, 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT). At physiological conditions, increasing concentrations of DTT resulted in faster Dox release from vesicles. Dox release at elevated DTT concentrations was more effective at pH5.5 than at pH7.5. Blank vesicles were non-toxic over a wide concentration range when tested in normal cell lines (0.01-100μg/mL). Vesicles efficiently encapsulated Dox and the dual stimuli-responsive disassembly results demonstrated controlled and sustained release of Dox tin 4T1 cancer cells to confer dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Thus, the bioreducible and pH sensitive vesicles appear to be a promising theranostic platform for drug delivery applications.