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Yun, Jiyoung,Jeong, Hyung Hwa,Cho, Jonghan,Kim, Eun Key,Eom, Jin Sup,Han, Hyun Ho Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2018 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.45 No.3
Background Slim patients or those with large breasts may be ineligible for breast reconstruction with an abdominal flap, as the volume of the flap may be insufficient. This study aimed to establish that abdominal tissue-based breast reconstruction can be well suited for Korean patients, despite their thin body habitus. Methods A total of 252 patients who underwent postmastectomy breast reconstruction with an abdominal flap from October 2006 to May 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' age and body mass index were analyzed, and a correlation analysis was performed between the weight of the mastectomy specimen and that of the initial abdominal flap. Results The average weights of the mastectomy specimen and initial abdominal flap were 451.03 g and 644.95 g, respectively. The ratio of the weight of the mastectomy specimen to that of the initial flap was $0.71{\pm}0.23$. There was a strong positive linear relationship between the weight of the mastectomy specimen and that of the initial flap (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.728). Thirty nulliparous patients had a final-to-initial flap weight ratio of $0.66{\pm}0.11$. The 25 patients who underwent a contralateral procedure had a ratio of $0.96{\pm}0.30$. The adjusted ratio of the final flap weight to the initial flap weight was $0.66{\pm}0.12$. Conclusions Breast weight had a strong positive relationship with abdominal flap weight in Koreans. Abdominal flaps provided sufficient soft tissue for breast reconstruction in most Korean patients, including nulliparous patients. However, when the mastectomy weight is estimated to be >700 g, a contralateral reduction procedure may be considered.
The phytochelatin transporters AtABCC1 and AtABCC2 mediate tolerance to cadmium and mercury
Park, Jiyoung,Song, Won‐,Yong,Ko, Donghwi,Eom, Yujin,Hansen, Thomas H.,Schiller, Michaela,Lee, Tai Gyu,Martinoia, Enrico,Lee, Youngsook Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 The Plant journal Vol.69 No.2
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) are toxic pollutants that are detrimental to living organisms. Plants employ a two‐step mechanism to detoxify toxic ions. First, phytochelatins bind to the toxic ion, and then the metal–phytochelatin complex is sequestered in the vacuole. Two ABCC‐type transporters, AtABCC1 and AtABCC2, that play a key role in arsenic detoxification, have recently been identified in <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I>. However, it is unclear whether these transporters are also implicated in phytochelatin‐dependent detoxification of other heavy metals such as Cd(II) and Hg(II). Here, we show that <I>atabcc1</I> single or <I>atabcc1 atabcc2</I> double knockout mutants exhibit a hypersensitive phenotype in the presence of Cd(II) and Hg(II). Microscopic analysis using a Cd‐sensitive probe revealed that Cd is mostly located in the cytosol of protoplasts of the double mutant, whereas it occurs mainly in the vacuole of wild‐type cells. This suggests that the two ABCC transporters are important for vacuolar sequestration of Cd. Heterologous expression of the transporters in <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I> confirmed their role in heavy metal tolerance. Over‐expression of <I>AtABCC1</I> in Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced Cd(II) tolerance and accumulation. Together, these results demonstrate that AtABCC1 and AtABCC2 are important vacuolar transporters that confer tolerance to cadmium and mercury, in addition to their role in arsenic detoxification. These transporters provide useful tools for genetic engineering of plants with enhanced metal tolerance and accumulation, which are desirable characteristics for phytoremediation.</P>
The Activity of Ash-free Coal in Direct Carbon Fuel Cells
Ju, HyungKuk,Eom, Jiyoung,Lee, Jae Kwang,Choi, Hokyung,Lee, Si-hyun,Song, Rak-Hyun,Lee, Jaeyoung The Electrochemical Society 2013 ECS transactions Vol.50 No.49
<P>Direct carbon fuel cells (DCFCs) are a promising novel electrochemical power source that can convert chemical energy directly into electric energy by utilizing gaseous hydrocarbons to solid coal and even biomass. In this study, a practical experiment of using a sub-bituminous Indonesian Roto-south raw and ash-free coals as a direct fuel in the DCFCs has been investigated. The activity of the coal fuels in DCFCs is affected by ash compound such as Si and Al. As a result, we observe a maximum power density of 35 and 60 mW cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at 900 by using raw and ash-free coal fuels, respectively.</P>
Crystal structure of α-acetolactate decarboxylase from Bacillus subtilis subspecies spizizenii
엄지영,오한별,윤성일,Eom, Jiyoung,Oh, Han Byeol,Yoon, Sung-il The Microbiological Society of Korea 2019 미생물학회지 Vol.55 No.1
다양한 미생물은 세포와 주변의 과산화를 방지하고 여분의 에너지를 보관하기 위해 ${\alpha}$-acetolactate decarboxylase(ALDC)를 이용해 아세토인을 생성한다. 아세토인은 안전한 식품 향미 개선제이기 때문에 ALDC를 이용한 아세토인 생합성에 많은 산업체가 관심을 가지고 있다. ALDC는 ${\alpha}$-acetolactate의 탈카르복실화 반응을 통해 아세토인을 생산하는 금속 의존 효소이다. 본 논문에서는 고초균 아종 spizizenii의 ALDC(bssALDC) 결정구조를 $1.7{\AA}$ 해상도에서 보고한다. bssALDC는 두 개의 ${\beta}$-sheet가 중앙부를 형성하는 ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ 구조를 가진다. bssALDC는 중앙부의 소수성 상호작용과 주변부의 친수성 상호작용을 통해 이합체를 형성한다. bssALDC는 세 개의 histidine 잔기와 세 개의 물 분자를 이용해 아연 이온에 배위결합한다. 구조와 서열의 비교 분석에 기초하여 아연 이온과 이 주변부 bssALDC 잔기들이 bssALDC의 효소 활성부위임을 제안한다. Acetoin is generated by numerous microorganisms using ${\alpha}$-acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) to prevent overacidification of cells and their environment and to store remaining energy. Because acetoin has been used as a safe flavor enhancer in food products, industries have been interested in biotechnological production of acetoin using ALDC. ALDC is a metal-dependent enzyme that produces acetoin from ${\alpha}$-acetolactate through decarboxylation reaction. Here, we report the crystal structure of ALDC from Bacillus subtilis subspecies spizizenii (bssALDC) at $1.7{\AA}$ resolution. bssALDC folds into a two-domain ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ structure where two ${\beta}$-sheets form a central core. bssALDC assembles into a dimer through central hydrophobic interactions and peripheral hydrophilic interactions. bssALDC coordinates a zinc ion using three histidine residues and three water molecules. Based on comparative analyses of ALDC structures and sequences, we propose that the active site of bssALDC includes the zinc ion and its neighboring bssALDC residues.
Outcomes of Take-Back Operations in Breast Reconstruction with Free Lower Abdominal Flaps
Yim, Ji Hong,Yun, Jiyoung,Lee, Taik Jong,Kim, Eun Key,Cho, Jonghan,Eom, Jin Sup Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2015 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.42 No.6
Background Microvascular complications after free-flap breast reconstructions are potentially devastating problems that can increase patient morbidity and lead to flap loss. To date, no comprehensive study has examined the rates of salvage and the methods of microvascular revision in breast reconstruction. We reviewed the treatment of microvascular complications of free-flap breast reconstruction procedures over a seven-year period. Methods A retrospective review of all patients who underwent microvascular breast reconstruction at our institution between April 2006 and December 2013 was conducted. Based on their surgical records, all patients who required emergency re-exploration were identified, the rate of flap salvage was determined, the factors associated with flap salvage were evaluated, and the causes and methods of revision were reviewed. Results During the review period, 605 breast reconstruction procedures with a free lower abdominal flap were performed. Seventeen of these flaps were compromised by microvascular complications, and three flaps were lost. The overall salvage rate was 82.35%. No significant differences between the salvaged group and the failed group were observed with regard to age, BMI, axillary dissection, number of anastomotic arteries and veins, recipient vessel types, or use of the superficial inferior epigastric vein in the revision operation. Successful salvage of the flap was associated with a shorter time period between recognizing the signs of flap compromise and the take-back operation. Conclusions The salvage rate of compromised lower abdominal flaps was high enough to warrant attempting re-exploration. Immediate intervention after the onset of flap compromise signs is as important as vigilant postoperative monitoring.
MicroRNA-mediated Regulation of the Development and Functions of Follicular Helper T cells
Lee, Jeonghyun,Park, Hyosung,Eom, Jiyoung,Kang, Seung Goo 한국조명·전기설비학회 2018 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol. No.
<P>The germinal center reaction is a key event of humoral immunity, providing long-lived immunological memory. Follicular helper T (T<SUB>FH</SUB>) cells are a specialized subset of CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells located in the follicles, which help B cells and thus control the germinal center reaction. T<SUB>FH</SUB> cell development is achieved by multi-step processes of interactions with dendritic cells and B cells along with the coordination of various transcription factors. Since the T helper cell fate decision program is determined by subtle changes in regulatory molecules, fine tuning of these dynamic interactions is crucial for the generation functional T<SUB>FH</SUB> cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important post-transcriptional regulatory molecules for gene expression, which consequently modulate diverse biological functions. In the last decade, the miRNA-mediated regulation network for the germinal center reaction has been extensively explored in T cells and B cells, resulting in the identification of several key miRNA species and their target genes. Here, we review the current knowledge of the miRNA-mediated control of the germinal center reaction, focusing on the aspect of T cell regulation in particular. In addition, we highlight the most important issues related to defining the functional target genes of the relevant miRNAs. We believe that the studies that uncover the miRNA-mediated regulatory axis of T<SUB>FH</SUB> cell generation and functions by defining their functional target genes might provide additional opportunities to understand germinal center reactions.</P>