Influence of Intonation, Morphology, and Syntax on the Semantic Scope of Wh-phrases in Kyeongsang Korean

이소영,Jiwon Yun 한국언어정보학회 2018 언어와 정보 Vol.22 No.3

So Young Lee and Jiwon Yun. 2018. Influence of Intonation, Morphology, and Syntax on the Semantic Scope of Wh-phrases in Kyeongsang Korean. Language and Information 22.3, 23-43. Text Visualization and Concordance Retrieval Using Project Gutenberg. This paper investigates the influence of prosody, morphology, and syntax on the processing of the semantic scope configuration of wh-phrases in Kyeongsang Korean. Through a carefully designed perception experiment, we examined how intonation, sentence-final particles, and long-distance scrambling of wh-phrases affect the judgment on the wh-scope. The results of the experiment suggest that while intonation and the surface syntactic position of wh-phrases do have a certain effect, wh-scope interpretation depends mostly on the sentence-final particles. However, the gang-up effect of intonation and long-distance scrambling was found: when they both indicate a matrix scope reading, the wh-phrase is likely to receive a matrix scope reading even if the sentence-final particle indicates an embedded scope reading. In sum, our study confirms the influence of intonation on wh-scope and newly discovers the influence of long-distance scrambling but observes that neither of them is as strong as morphological marking. We also found a general preference for an embedded scope reading that does not violate the wh-island constraint, which explains the alleged wh-island effect in the previous literature. Overall, however, our data confirm the more recent argument that the wh-island constraint is violable in Korean.

A Study on Fostering Reserve Forces Capable of Demonstrate the Ability to Immediately Respond of the Korean Armed Forces

Jiwon Yun(Jiwon Yun),Ilsoo Bae(Ilsoo Bae) J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to explore the plan to foster the experts in reserve forces of the Korean armed forces based on a review of the operation of reserve forces in foreign countries, such as the United States and Germany, in consideration of the rapidly changing international situation and security changes on the Korean Peninsula following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It is intended to examine the relevant development, and at the same time, while there are differences in terms of policy and implementation aspects, it is intended to make suggestions regarding policy development by deriving implications through the comparative analysis of the reserve forces system of Korea and the United States. Method: Considering the characteristics of this study, it was primarily composed of literature studies such as official documents, research papers, and related degree dissertations of the Korean and U.S. governments, Inter-net materials. As examples of the development of reserve forces in foreign countries, including the United States, case analysis of the reserve forces service system and organization method, reserve forces training, etc., were used. Based on which, various implications were drawn for fostering the reserve forces experts for Korea's elite reserve force. Result: For emphasis purposes, the U.S. and Germany legally maintain the same status as active duty and reserve forces. This is because budgeting and policy establishment for reserve forces are applied in the same manner as in active duty. In particular, the U.S. develops and applies the AGR and ADOS systems based on the legal basis and budget, and operates the reserve force as a unit from the peacetime. However, Korea is currently conducting a short mobilization call training for three days and two nights. In case of emergency, after the gen-eral mobilization order is issued, the unit enters into the relevant unit to increase the mobilization and establish the unit. Moving forward, it is necessary to train the reserve forces experts who can contribute to shortening the gap between peacetime and when the general mobilization order is issued. Conclusion: The lessons learned from the Russo-Ukraine war are the spirit of armed struggle from the leader to the people, the strategy and tactics to operate the weapon system, and above all, the very importance of mobilizing the reserve force that can demonstrate practical combat power in the battlefield in case of emergency. As such, it is very important to prepare a plan for fostering the reserve forces experts in consideration of changes in the international order in the 21st century, declining population, changes in war patterns such as hybrid war-fare shown in the Russo-Ukraine war, and Korea's future defense environment, among the key tasks of the De-fense Reform 4.0.

ASEAN Factor and the Converging South Korea’s ‘New Southern Policy’ with India’s ‘Act East Policy’

( Yun Jiwon ),( Nguyen Tran Tien ) 한국세계지역학회 2019 世界地域硏究論叢 Vol.37 No.1

Changing geopolitical landscape in the Asia-Pacific has put the regional and global security architecture in the spotlight and extensively transformed. ASEAN, India and South Korea have emerged to become important partners and their relation has become multidimensional and comprehensive. They should work together as a triangular strategic partner in order to contribute to the maintenance of the global security and ensure their centrality in the geopolitical balance between the United States, China as well as other world powers. One of the priorities in Policy Tasks of Moon Jae In’s Administration is to reinforcing international cooperation through diplomacy. He provided an opportunity to impart new momentum to diversify ROK’s diplomatic and economic strategies. The “New Southern Policy (NSP)” with its aims means to leverage ASEAN as key partners like other major players in the region and complements India’s “Act East Policy (AEP).” The article begins by analytical understanding the background of India’s Act East policy and South Korea’s New Southern Policy. Interestingly, both AEP and NSP pivot on ASEAN. Therefore, this article further identifies South East Asia and ASEAN as the driving forces for the compatibility in these policies. Taking stock of South Korea - India traditional bilateral relations and evaluating the outcome of the present administration, the article assesses the possibilities for converging these policies and the prospects of South Korea - India relations.

Significance and Challenges of NORTH KOREA’s Railway Development: Focusing on the Connection of Inter-Korean and Chinese-Russian Border Railways

Jiwon Yun,Youngjun Jo J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Terrorism & National Secu Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to examine the significance and challenges of the main-railway and sub-road system of North Korea, which has received greater attention since the Panmumjom Declaration adopted on April 27, 2018, and to investigate the political, diplomatic and security implications of cooperation of the inter-Korean and Chinese-Russian border railways. Method: For better analysis, as a major research method, the existing academic papers related to North Korea including literature reviews considering the characteristics of research on North Korean railways, and data from the Ministry of Unification and main state-run research institutes. Researches on the inter-Korean railway and trans-continental railway connections have accumulated in academic circles, government agencies and research institutes from 2000 to this day. Results: Despite these various advantages, it is the most urgent task to resolve North Korea’s nuclear issue and lift economic sanctions against North Korea. After the breakdown of the 2019 North Korea-United States Summit in Hanoi at the end of February, the North Korea-U.S. relations reached a stalemate, and the international com-munity’s extensive sanctions have continued. The connection of inter-Korean railways and the opening of China-Russia border regions are major arteries of the North Korean economy and serve as the basis for industrialization, urbanization and modernization, but they can be made possible only via active multilateral economic support and cooperation from the international community. Conclusion: The connection of inter-Korean and China-Russia railways not only has economic ripple effects, but also is subjected to political, diplomatic and security factors with relevant countries. North Korea’s rail mod-ernization has its significance in that it helps to form the foundation for North Korea’s economic growth, escape isolation from the international community, ease tensions on the Korean peninsula, prevent border disputes be-tween China and Russia, promote economic development, lift U.S sanctions against North Korea, and expand the possibility of advancing into the Asia-Pacific and Eurasia regions. As the expansion of international cooperation and participation of the international community may lead to the opening of the closed North Korean society and the instability of the Kim Jong-un regime, questions still arise as to whether North Korea will select such interna-tional cooperation.

A Study on Implementation Plan for the South-North Korean Unification and Security Strategy

Jiwon Yun,Youngjun Jo J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to think about the benefits and gains which unification will bring about in our reality as divided nations, understand the legitimacy for unification, and devised a strategy for preparing for unification. The purpose is to establish values and a desirable attitude towards the state while preparing for unification and analyzing the stature and future of the Republic of Korea. Method: In order to come up with the legitimacy of unification, strategy, and what we need to do to prepare for unification, references such as books, academic journals, and dissertations related to unification were examined, and in order to derive empirical data for the stature of South Korea and the future, empirical studies were conducted for news and government data, etc. Results: The strategy to prepare for unification is to induce North Korea not to make unreasonable demands by maintaining a strong security arrangement, such as by securing regular and irregular warfare capabilities, strengthening the ROK-U.S. alliance and joint operational capabilities, and adhering to firm principles rather than a principle of less appeasement policy not to mislead the public's perception of North Korea. Unification requires an agreement between the two Koreas, yet what is clear is that unification must be liberal and democratic based on a market economy, and it is also necessary to reach a national consensus. Furthermore, while expanding the breadth of mutual understanding between the two Koreas, close friendly and cooperative relations with neighboring countries must also be maintained. Conclusion: Most of the people have a negative perception towards unification, and the MZ generation even demonstrate a cynical attitude towards North Korea. However, unification must be achieved in order to pursue development and prosperity while continuing the historical legitimacy of our people, and for stability in Northeast Asia and the world peace. In the process of pursuing unification, it should serve as an opportunity to properly establish the ‘view of state’ as well as the ‘view of unification’ or ‘view of security’ which have not been fully established in the consciousness of the people.

An Analysis of the Implementation of the Moon Jae-in Administration’s New Northern Policy and South Korea-Russia Economic Cooperation

( Jiwon Yun ) 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2017 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs Vol.22 No.2

Despite the stern warnings of South Korea and Russia, North Korea’s nuclear and missile test launches combined with the instability of the regime have limited South Korea-North Korea-Russia economic cooperation. However, the connection between Russia’s aggressive New East Asia Policy and the Moon Jae-in administration’s New Northern Policy is being once again evaluated by the recent changes in international politics and the possibility of its development is again being promoted. Thus, this article will carry out intensive consideration of that activation and task of the New Northern Policy currently being initiated by the Moon Jae-in administration. This policy could solidify the international security of the Northeastern region through “geo-economic cooperation” and the overcoming of “geo-political conflict” between North Korea and Eurasia through the reactivation of the Najin-Hasan project. To achieve this aim, it would be important to consider the restrictions proposed considering the means of activating South Korea-North Korea and Russia and the changes in the international environment as a space for a new security system and the concept of Korea’s New Northern Policy under the Moon Jae-in administration.

[철회논문]부당한 중복게재로 철회 됨. Russia’s Defense Capabilities and Strategy: Development and Characteristics

( Jiwon Yun ) 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2021 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs Vol.26 No.1

The main aim of this article is to examine the purpose and structural features of Russia’s defense development and strengthening defense capabilities to promote President Vladimir Putin’s fourth term and the transition to a ‘multi-centric system.’ This system is seen as essential to making Russia strong again and providing a security strategy to counter America’s unilateralism. The vision and direction of defense capabilities, which conforms to the new battlefield environment in the 21st century, are Putin’s most important items of reform, focusing on reducing troops, supplying military personnel, reorganizing into a brigade-centered military system, modernizing the weapons system, increasing defense exports, and improving combat capabilities. With Putin’s strong leadership and the will of top military leaders for the reform, Russia preserves sovereignty and territory and achieves the transformation from large-scale defensive forces to offensive mobile forces to counter its military and security threats, the increase in its ability to fight hybrid warfare and the modernization of the advanced weapons with a steady rise in the defense budget. In particular, it also strengthens Sino-Russian cooperation and maintains an offensive security strategy against the expansion of the U.S. and NATO, expands the missile defense system and develops advanced precision weapons, addresses international terrorism by cyber and intelligence warfare and the Islamic States militants.

Increasing the SPACE SECURITY Power and Its Challenges for the Republic of Korea Air Force in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Jiwon Yun,Sangwoo Park J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to explore aerospace power development strategies promoted by the Republic of Korea Air Force(ROKAF), and to examine the necessity and tasks of strengthening space power, focusing on the main content of Air Force Quantum 5.0, an innovative task for ROKAF from the perspective of smart national defense innovation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution(4IR) era. The main contents of the 4IR and the concept of space power dealt with in Air Force Quantum 5.0 were set as the scope of research. Method: For better analysis, as part of case studies, the article is to analyze literature with a focus on research analysis materials regarding the concept of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, policy reports on Air Force Quantum 5.0 promoted by the ROKAF, and academic papers. Results: It is required for the ROKAF to establish an advanced power system for aerospace operations in re-sponse to future warfare, such as securing key leading technologies for weapon systems using 4IR technologies, identifying military capabilities and core forces, reflecting them in the future force integration, and promoting civil-military R&D cooperation systems. It also needs to establish a space command and take the lead in the future joint battlefield area in order to establish itself as a space powerhouse like the surrounding powers, including the United States and China. Conclusion: This article concluded that in order for the ROKAF to further respond to uncertain security threats, consider work innovation and combat power enhancement, overcome increasing challenge factors such as the deepening shortages of military service resources, and adapt to the future battle field environment, advanced 4IR technologies should be applied in all branches of the air force to ensure the military remains sophisticated and intelligent, and to speed up the promotion of high-efficient aerospace operation systems and defense operation environment.

Readjustment of ROK-US Alliance and Strategic Effects of the USFK

( Jiwon Yun ) 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2019 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs Vol.24 No.1

For the past six decades, the ROK-US alliance has been transformed into a strategic alliance at the international level for the expansion of cooperation for counter-terrorism and Peacekeeping Operations (PKO), including on the Korean peninsula and for regional security based on the US forces stationed in Korea. The two countries continue to proceed with discussions about the alliance system, such as the transition of wartime Operational Control (OPCON), as a part of the plan for the readjustment and quality improvement for the future ROK-US alliance. The United States Forces Korea (USFK) plays the most important role in the OPCON transition procedures and the ROK-US military relationship. On the national level, the relocation of the Yongsan Garrison and the US 2nd Infantry Division to K-6 (Camp Humphreys) in Pyeongteak is to be completed by the end of 2018 for the effective use of national land, the improvement of the USFK’s military environment, preparation for the North Korean nuclear threat, and new security threats. In this context, the main purpose of this article is to investigate the relocation of the USFK to Pyeongtaek as the basis for change in the command system of the ROK-US alliance and unified defense system, its strategic importance and its effects on regional development.

Tasks and Challenges for Enhancing the Korean Military’s Reserve Forces in the Era of Reduction of Standing Forces

Yun Jiwon(윤지원) 한국전략문제연구소 2021 전략연구 Vol.28 No.3

이 논문의 주요 목적은 저출산 시대 “국방개혁 2.0”을 중심으로 상비군 감축을 보완할 수 있는 한국군의 예비전력 운용과 과제에 대해 제안해보고자 한다. 한국군의 예비전력 편성과 발전은 여타 국가들처럼 국가안보 차원에서 전개되고 있다. 상비전력을 대체할 수 있는 수준으로 예비전력의 정예화는 “국방개혁 2.0”의 중요한 목표 중 하나이다. 총체전력 차원에서 상비전력 감소에 따라 예비전력 강화를 위해서 상근과 비상근 복무 예비군 제도가 실질적으로 확대돼야 전‧평시 필요한 인력과 부족한 간부 문제를 해결하고 전투력 발휘가 보장될 수 있다고 생각된다. 특히 저출산 시대 가장 중요한 사안 중 하나는 예비군 편성과 적정 수준 유지 방안이며, 필수 예비군들을 선정하고 우수한 전투력을 발휘하도록 실전과 같은 과학화 훈련을 유지하고 교육하고 관리하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 또 ‘코로나19’ 팬데믹과 같은 비전통적 안보위협 확대에 대비하여 예비군 원격교육 시스템 구축을 위한 여건 조성에도 주력해야 한다. 동시에 예비군이 책임과 역할을 제대로 할 수 있도록 동원을 포함해서 예비전력을 담당할 정부조직 보강, 분산된 예비전력 관련 법령의 통합 등의 노력이 꾸준히 요구된다. 이로써 예비군의 정예화가 실현된다면 예비군들 스스로 싸울 수 있는 전사로서의 인식을 가질 수 있으며 현역과 동반전력으로서 국방의 중요한 임무를 수행할 수 있게 될 것이다. The main purpose of this article is to suggest the operations and tasks of the Korean army’s reserve forces to supplement standing forces, focusing on Defense Reform 2.0, as a reduction of standing forces is inevitable due to a sharp decline in the national population. Similar to other countries, the organization and development of reserve forces by the Korean military is implemented in terms of national security. The advancement of reserve forces capabilities to a level that can replace that of standing forces is one of the important goals of ‘Defense Reform 2.0.’ In order to strengthen the reserve power with the decline of standing forces, the full-time and part-time service system must be expanded to solve the problem of manpower and insufficient military officials needed during the war and peace time, and ensure to exert adequate combat power. One of the most critical issues in the current stage of defense reform in the era of low birth rates is how to organize reserve forces and maintain an appropriate level of them. In terms of saving and concentration, it is very significant to select essential reserve forces, and educate and manage them by differentiating to demonstrate excellent combat power. It is urgent to ensure security and create the various conditions necessary to build a remote training system in preparation for non-traditional security threats such as the “COVID-19” pandemic. In addition, it is necessary to reinforce government organizations that will be in charge of reserve power, including mobilization, and to integrate the distributed laws and regulations related to reserve power so that reserve forces can play their responsibilities and roles properly. If the advancement of reserve forces is realized as planned, they will be able to perform important duties of national defense with the active duty and all those who are nationals, active duty, and reserve forces are able to recognize themselves as warriors who can fight.