Potential risk mapping for range expansion of insect pests with climate change and socio-economic scenario: A case Study of Melon Thrips.

Jinsol Hong,Gwan-Seok Lee,Jung-Joon Park,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

From simple niche models to machine learning methods, there have been intensive efforts to understand the potentialdistribution of species in last two decades. Especially in the agricultural sector, recent SDM, Species Distribution Models,studies highly enthused to predict the potential distribution of invasive species under Climate Change. Beyond the distribution,efforts are needed to assess potential risk caused by the target pest. The Shared Socio-Economic Pathways (SSPs) are scenariosfor climate change impacts and adaptation measures. We used MaxEnt model to predict potential distribution of melonthrips with two RCPs (4.5, 8.5) and three SSPs (SSP1, SSP2, SSP3) scenarios. In agricultural land, the potential distributionof melon thrips increases under climate change, but the impact is reduced with the development-oriented scenario, SSP3.

Predicting species richness changes in 21 dominant Araneae (Arachnida) species under climate change scenario in Korea

Jinsol Hong,Hyoung-ho Mo,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04

Araneae species are predators in natural ecosystem interact with various prey species. These linkage can be affected under climate change because species react not just individually but systematically. We focused on potential impact of climate change in Araneae fauna in national scale. In this study, potential species richness of Araneae in South Korea was predicted with MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy) model. Korea Forest Research Institute conducted national scale research of wandering arthropods. They monitored in uniformly set 366 points, and the data contain exact GPS points of study sites. Occurrence data were extracted from Prediction of Distribution and Abundance of Forest Spiders According to Climate Scenario (Korea Forest Research Institute, 2013). With the report, dominant 21 Araneae species that appeared more than 10% study sites were selected to estimate species richness. Training climate data were prepared from observation source of Korea Meteorological Administration. RCP 8.5 scenario data which represent future (2050, 2070) climate condition were downloaded from WORLDCLIM web site. In MaxEnt simulation, occurrence data for 21 species and 19 bioclimatic variables were used. Because the model outputs are expressed in index, the minimum training presence threshold rule was applied to distinguish presence/absence of each 21 species distribution model. We overlaid whole 21 thresholded output to get species richness map. The fluctuation between current and future species richness was calculated to observe changing trend in national scale. The results of Araneae fauna tends to move higher altitude and latitude. Species richness of lowlands is predicted to be diminished, but higher mountains are expected to be more suitable for many spider species. In some South Western coastal areas showed reduced richness in 2050 but will recover in 2070.

Index analysis of two different SDM technique : MaxEnt and CLIMEX

Jinsol Hong,Kijong Cho,Hyung-ho Mo,Gwan-Seok Lee,Jung-Joon Park 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

The first record of Melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny, was in 1993 in Korea, and the species has become severe pest in agricultural industry. We used two different SDMs(Species Distribution Model) which have different approaches to analyse potential distribution of the pest species in climate change scenario, MaxEnt and CLIMEX. The MaxEnt model uses historical occurrence records with environmental variables to estimate the realized niche, and CLIMEX model simulates the fundamental niche of the object based on the seasonal phenology. In MaxEnt simulation, we reduced the number of variables to avoid multi-collinearity problem until we had no pairs with an absolute Pearson correlation coefficient higher than 0.8. BIO1(Annual Mean Temperature), BIO2(Mean diurnal range), BIO3(Isothermality), BIO4(Temperature seasonality) were finally selected as predictor, and we used 10 fold cross validation option to replicate. The averaged results were used to index analysis. The CLIMEX results, The Ecoclimate Index(EI), were also normalized in 0 to 1 scale to analysis. Under RCP 8.5 climate change scenario, in 2070s, the distribution of Thrips palmi was predicted to expand their territory overall agricultural area in Korea.

Modeling the effects of climate change on insect pest-natural enemy systems using population dynamics and species interaction strength

Minyoung Lee,Jinsol Hong,Yongeun Kim,Hyoung-ho Mo,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

Global warming can seriously influence on the interaction between pest and natural enemy in the agroecosystem due to the differences in optimal temperature ranges. Two aphid-ladybug systems, Myzus persicae-Coccinella septempunctata (M-C) and Aphis gossypii-Coccinella septempunctata (A-C) in the pepper crop were simulated, respectively under four different temperature scenarios including crop development over 244 days with the assumption that the average temperature is higher by 1, 3, and 5 °C than that in Seoul in 2000. Temperature-dependent functions for each aphid-ladybug system were embedded in Rosenzweig-Macathur predator-prey model to explore their population dynamics, and then Dynamic Index was used to quantify the strengths of species interactions. The result shows that the predator-prey population cycles as well as species interactions are getting shorter and stronger in both systems as temperature increased. Especially, the excessively high temperature scenario in Aphis gossypii-Coccinella septempunctata system could result in the extreme species interaction. Therefore, the increasing temperature can facilitate the effectiveness of biological control because of growing crop plant development and much stronger species interaction, although there are increases of the frequency of pest occurrences.

경두개직류자극술의 인지기능 개선 작용기전에 대한 고찰 : 기능적 자기공명영상 연구를 중심으로

홍혜진(Haejin Hong),김진솔(Jinsol Kim),이향원(Hyangwon Lee),김신혜(Shinhye Kim),강일향(Ilhyang Kang),홍가혜(Gahae Hong),김정윤(Jungyoon Kim) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2020 생물치료정신의학 Vol.26 No.2

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive and effective neuromodulatory technique to modulate cortical activities by applying 1 to 2 milliamps electric current. The use of tDCS to enhance cognitive function such as executive function and memory has attracted much attention in recent years, and a lot of studies have been carried out to identify neural mechanisms underlying cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS. In this review, we discussed the previous neuroimaging studies on applications of tDCS for cognitive enhancement using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Previous tDCS studies for neurological or psychiatric conditions and elderly individuals suggested that cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS were associated with normalizing aberrant brain networks and activities related to pathophysiology. Moreover, tDCS-induced cognitive enhancement in healthy individuals was associated with functional changes in brain activations and network connectivity. Furthermore, cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS were varied depending on the neurological structure and functional characteristics between individuals. The current review may provide critical insights into functional activity and connectivity of the brain regarding cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS, which could give direction for further studies on identifying the specific neural mechanisms and clinical strategies of tDCS.

Prediction and validation of geographic distribution of Thrips palmi based on Maximum Entropy approach

Hyoung-ho Mo,Jinsol Hong,Gwan-Seok Lee,Jung-Joon Park,Doo-Hyung Lee,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04

Thc climate change has the potential to significantly modify the actual distribution of insect pest with unknown consequences on agricultural systems and management strategies. In this study, Thrips palmi Karny was selected to predict distribution under climate change. T. palmi was introduced and first recorded in 1993 in Korea, and has become a serious pest of vegetable and ornamental crops. The MaxEnt was applied to T. palmi to predict its potential geographic distribution in Korea and Japan under the RCP 8.5 climate changing scenario. The MaxEnt software package is one of the most popular tools for species distribution and environmental niche modeling. The habitat prediction model of T. palmi in Korea was validated by the distribution of T. palmi in Japan. Based on the MaxEnt modeling, T. palmi would expand their potential distribution to whole Korean peninsula except the alpine region in Gangwon-do and Yanggang-do and Hamgyeongbuk-do in 2070s. Therefore, the monitoring system and management strategy for T. palmi should be reconsidered and re-evaluated.

Effect of Soil properties and fractionation of arsenic in soil on the bioavailability and toxicity of Paronychiurus kimi (Collembola)

Yun-Sik Lee,June Wee,Jinsol Hong,Yongeun Kim,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

Toxicity test of contaminate soil is very complex because of differential bioavailability in the soil. Therefore, bioavailability of metals in soil is a major factor influencing estimates of toxicity. In this study, the two major test was conducted. First, the toxicity of arsenic for the Collembola, Paronychiurus kimi, was assessed by determining the effects of increasing arsenic concentration on survival, reproduction and body concentration of As in five forested soils with different available phosphate and oxide-metal concentration. Second, the sequential extraction procedure (SEP) for arsenic by choosing extraction reagents commonly used for sequential extraction of metals was tested. The EC50 based on total As concentration in soil was estimated respectively. The available phosphate and oxide-metal concentration in soil influenced on As fraction in soil. Especially, As in soil which is non specifically and specifically sorbed (fraction 1, 2) has strong correlation with available phosphate and oxide-metal concentration (p<0.05). The toxicity is more higher in the soil with high available phosphate and low oxide-metal concentration. In addition, the high arsenic concentration in fraction which is amorphous and poor-crystalline hydrous oxide of Fe and Al (fraction 3) had effect to the toxicity. As a result, the toxicity of As is related with As concentration in fraction 1, 2 and 3 and the soil properties and the arsenic fractionation in soil have a influence on the bioavailability and toxicity.

Risk factors for atypical lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer

Jinsol Jung,Sang Il Yoon,Kang-Haeng Lee,Yongjoon Won,Sa-Hong Min,Young-Suk Park,Sang Hoon Ahn,Do Joong Park,Hyung-Ho Kim 대한종양외과학회 2019 Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol.15 No.2

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate atypical lymph node metastasis rates according to tumor depth, size, and location in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: A total of 727 gastric adenocarcinoma patients, with metastasis to 1 or 2 lymph nodes, who underwent radical gastrectomy with curative intent from May 2003 to May 2017, were enrolled in this study. The characteristics of atypical (skip or transversal) metastases were evaluated according to the following risk factors: longitudinal versus circumferential location, size, and T stage of the tumor. Results: The rates of skip and transversal metastases were 8.4% and 15.5%, respectively. Skip metastases were present throughout, regardless of the primary tumor location. On the contrary, transversal metastases of gastric cancer were most frequently observed in the lower third region (19.5%, P=0.002). When the size of the tumor is large (>4 cm), transversal metastasis was found to be significantly more common (P=0.035), compared with skip metastasis, which was less common (P=0.011). There was no significant correlation between atypical metastases and tumor depth. Conclusion: Lower and larger tumors were more likely to have transversal metastases compared with others; however, skip metastases were less common in large tumors.

플라즈마 풍동의 중심체(Center-Body)형 디퓨저 유동해석 및 성능평가

백진솔(Jinsol Baek),최대산(Daesan Choi),김규홍(Kyu-Hong Kim) 한국전산유체공학회 2018 한국전산유체공학회지 Vol.23 No.3

In this study, the flow analysis of center-body type diffuser was performed using the “ARCFLO4” flow analysis solver and, the performance of the diffuser according to various shapes and positions of the center-body was evaluated. Thermal equilibrium air was assumed and turbulence was considered. The performance of the diffuser was evaluated by using the pressure recovery rate of the diffuser, the velocity and the temperature at the diffuser outlet, which can determine the requirements of the heat exchanger and vacuum pump located behind the diffuser. As a result of the flow analysis, when the center-body is located in the whole diffuser area, the loss of total pressure due to the inclined shock wave generated in the hypersonic region was significant. Therefore, the diffuser which is center-body located in hypersonic region had disadvantages in the pressure recovery aspect. However, since the center-body type diffuser has advantages in cooling compressed high-temperature flow by increasing the cooling wall area inside the diffuser, a center-body diffuser located in subsonic region was proposed in this study. This new center-body type diffuser was able to cool flow while minimizing the total pressure loss due to shock waves.

Food-web construction using the long-term biological monitoring data: a case study of cheonggye streams

Minyoung Lee,Jinsol Hong,Yongeun Kim,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.04

The long-term biological monitoring data in domestic streams need to be appropriately analyzed. Food-web analysis using network-based approach can give ecological implications on these kinds of data by including interactions between species. The purpose of this study is constructing food-webs as a preliminary step of the analysis. We used observed species list data for 8 years (2008-2015) provided in Water Information System (WIS), focusing cheonggye streams as a case study. On the basis of species interaction dataset extracted from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI) database, 96 food-webs were constructed. In further studies, these food-webs could be analyzed in various ways such as static, dynamic and spatial approaches.