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Oh Sang-Min,Bang Jihwan,Park Sang-Won,Lee Eunyoung 대한감염학회 2023 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.55 No.3
Background: Domestic data on antiretroviral drug (ARV) resistance are limited, while alterations in ARV resistance are expected as the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases. We evaluated the ten-year change in ARV resistance in people with HIV (PWH) in Korea. Materials and Methods: Adults aged ≥19 years and diagnosed with HIV infection between January 2010 and December 2020 at a 750-bed municipal hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Data on clinical characteristics and resistance mutation test results were collected. The study population was divided into three-year intervals according to diagnosed year and their clinical characteristics were compared. Results: A total of 248 PWH were analyzed, and ARV resistance was detected in 30 of them (12.1%). Resistance was detected most frequently in PWH aged ≤29 years (16, 6.5%), and the median percentage of resistance detection per year was 14.3% (interquartile range, 12.7 - 16.1). The trend of the overall prevalence of ARV resistance mutations slightly decreased and then increased over time (15.3% in 2012 - 2014, 9.6% in 2015 - 2017, and 12.9% in 2018 - 2020). The prevalence of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance markedly decreased over time (15.3% in 2012 - 2014, 8.7% in 2015 - 2017, and 2.4% in 2018-2020), while that of protease inhibitor (PI) and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) increased from 0 until 2018 to 3.5% and 8.2% in 2018 - 2020, respectively. Conclusion: The trend of NNRTI resistance has decreased over time, and resistance to PIs and INSTIs increased from 2018. Therefore, continuous monitoring of ARV resistance pattern is necessary.
Ahn, Meejung,Moon, Jihwan,Park, Changnam,Bang, Hyojin,Kim, Gi Ok,Kim, Sun-Ju,Kim, Ki-heung,Shin, Taekyun Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kyung 2016 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.16 No.1
We evaluated whether crude juice extract of chungpihongsim radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Chungpihongsim) (CH radish), with its characteristic red flesh and white skin, ameliorated ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. Animals were divided into five groups: normal control, a group given CH radish extract (1000 mg/kg) only, two groups orally administered CH radish extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively, daily for 2 weeks) with ethanol treatment (5 mL/kg) 24 h after final administration of CH radish extract, and a group treated with ethanol alone. Tissues of stomach were collected after sacrifice, and the gastric mucosal injury index using hemorrhagic lesions were measured. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated based on malondialdehyde concentration. The radical-scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were also measured. Rats treated with CH radish extract (500 or 1000 mg/kg) for 2 weeks experienced no change in body weight. Pretreatment with the extract at both doses significantly ameliorated ethanol-induced hemorrhagic lesions in the gastric mucosa (p< 0.05), decreased malondialdehyde concentration (p< 0.05), and increased the levels of SOD (p< 0.05) and CAT (p< 0.05), compared to ethanol-alone treatment. These findings suggest that pretreatment with CH radish extract reduces ethanol-induced damage in the gastric mucosa, mediated partly by a decrease in lipid peroxidation and an increase in the cytoprotective radical-scavenging enzymes SOD and CAT.
제주도 종달리 1819번지 패총에서 출토된 뼈 유물의 분류
강윤형,문지환,안미정,방문배,신태균,Kang, Yoonhyoung,Moon, Jihwan,Ahn, Meejung,Bang, Moon-Bae,Shin, Taekyun 대한수의학회 2014 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.54 No.1
Animal bones excavated with earthenware from the shell mound at the Jeju Jongdali 1819 archeological site, where three consecutive chronological layers covering the Neolithic (B.C. 15C-B.C. 10C), early Tamra, and late Tamra periods have been identified, were morphologically classified. The majority of the bones from all three periods were broken or split. The major fauna of the mammalian bones in all periods were Cervus spp., Sus scrofa, and Bos taurus. In the early and late Tamra periods, bones of small animals including Mustela sibirica coreana, Meles meles, Rodentia, and Aves were also found in small number. The excavated bones were from all parts of the animal bodies, including head, trunk, forelimb, and hindlimb. Collectively, these findings suggest that the major fauna from the Neolithic to late Tamra periods consisted of Cervus spp., Sus scrofa, and Bos taurus and that the fauna was dissected and carried to the shell mound site after hunting. Information from the bone remains in the shell mound are useful data for study of the wildlife and domestic animals living during the prehistoric period of Jeju Island.
Lee Eunyoung,Kim Seungyeon,Lee Sun Young,Jeong Joo,Bang Jihwan,Oh Juhwan,Shin Sang Do,Kim Nam Joong,Choe Pyoeng Gyun,Oh Myoung-don 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.36
Background: Although the evidence of treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) changed rapidly, little is known about the patterns of potential pharmacological treatment during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea and the risk factors for ineffective prescription. Methods: Using claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance System, this retrospective cohort study included admission episodes for COVID-19 from February to December 2020. Ineffective antiviral prescriptions for COVID-19 were defined as lopinavir/ ritonavir (LPN/r) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) prescribed after July 2020, according to the revised National Institute of Health COVID-19 treatment guidelines. Factors associated with ineffective prescriptions, including patient and hospital factors, were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the 15,723 COVID-19 admission episodes from February to June 2020, 4,183 (26.6%) included prescriptions of LPN/r, and 3,312 (21.1%) included prescriptions of HCQ. Of the 48,843 admission episodes from July to December 2020, after the guidelines were revised, 2,258 (4.6%) and 182 (0.4%) included prescriptions of ineffective LPN/r and HCQ, respectively. Patient factors independently associated with ineffective antiviral prescription were older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per 10-year increase, 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–1.20) and severe condition with an oxygen requirement (aOR, 2.49; 95% CI, 2.24–2.77). The prescription of ineffective antiviral drugs was highly prevalent in primary and nursing hospitals (aOR, 40.58; 95% CI, 31.97–51.50), public sector hospitals (aOR, 15.61; 95% CI, 12.76–19.09), and regions in which these drugs were highly prescribed before July 2020 (aOR, 10.65; 95% CI, 8.26–13.74). Conclusion: Ineffective antiviral agents were prescribed to a substantial number of patients during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. Treatment with these ineffective drugs tended to be prolonged in severely ill patients and in primary and public hospitals.
Yoojin Park,Euncheol Son,Young June Choe,Cho Ryok Kang,Sangmi Roh,Young Ok Hwang,Sung-il Cho,Jihwan Bang 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-
OBJECTIVES: Because effective decolonization options are not available, and treatment options are limited, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) constitute increasingly threatening nosocomial pathogens. To prevent CRE-associated transmission and ensure patient safety, healthcare personnel and everyone in contact with CRE-infected patients must implement stringent infection control practices. This report describes a CRE outbreak, possibly related to a caregiver at a long-term care facility (LTCF), and presents a new surveillance model to improve the infection control of CRE in Seoul, Korea. METHODS: The Seoul Metropolitan Government surveillance system identified an outbreak of CRE in an LTCF in 2022. We obtained data on the demographic characteristics and contact histories of the inpatients, medical staff, and caregivers. To isolate the inpatients and employees exposed to CRE, we used rectal swab samples and environmental sampling during the study period (May-December 2022). RESULTS: We identified 18 cluster cases (1 caregiver and 17 inpatients) and 12 sporadic cases with CRE, and conducted a complete 197-day follow-up of all cases in the LTCF’s isolation wards. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation demonstrated that our surveillance model and targeted intervention, based on the cooperation of the municipal government, public health center, and infection control advisory committee, effectively contained the epidemic at the LTCF. Measures to improve the compliance of all employees in LTCFs with infection control guidelines should also be adopted.