Taxonomy of fungal complex causing red-skin root of Panax ginseng in China

Xiao H. Lu,Xi M. Zhang,Xiao L. Jiao,Jianjun J. Hao,Xue S. Zhang,Yi Luo,Wei W. Gao 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.3

Background: Red-skin root of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) significantly reduces the quality and limits theproduction of ginseng in China. The disease has long been thought to be a noninfectious physiologicaldisease, except one report that proved itwas an infectious disease. However, the causal agents have not beensuccessfully determined. In the present study, we were to reveal the pathogens that cause red-skin disease. Methods: Ginseng roots with red-skin root symptoms were collected from commercial fields in NortheastChina. Fungi were isolated from the lesion and identified based on morphological characters alongwith multilocus sequence analyses on internal transcription spacer, b-tubulin (tub2), histone H3 (his3),and translation elongation factor 1a (tef-1a). Pathogens were confirmed by inoculating the isolates inginseng roots. Results: A total of 230 isolates were obtained from 209 disease samples. These isolates were classifiedinto 12 species, including Dactylonectria sp., D. hordeicola, Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. solani,F. torulosum, Ilyonectria mors-panacis, I. robusta, Rhexocercosporidium panacis, and three novel speciesI. changbaiensis, I. communis, and I. qitaiheensis. Among them, I. communis, I. robusta, and F. solani had thehighest isolation frequencies, being 36.1%, 20.9%, and 23.9%, respectively. All these species isolated werepathogenic to ginseng roots and caused red-skin root disease under appropriate condition. Conclusion: Fungal complex is the causal agent of red-skin root in P. ginseng.

Taxonomy of fungal complex causing red-skin root of Panax ginseng in China

Lu, Xiao H.,Zhang, Xi M.,Jiao, Xiao L.,Hao, Jianjun J.,Zhang, Xue S.,Luo, Yi,Gao, Wei W. The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.3

Background: Red-skin root of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) significantly reduces the quality and limits the production of ginseng in China. The disease has long been thought to be a noninfectious physiological disease, except one report that proved it was an infectious disease. However, the causal agents have not been successfully determined. In the present study, we were to reveal the pathogens that cause red-skin disease. Methods: Ginseng roots with red-skin root symptoms were collected from commercial fields in Northeast China. Fungi were isolated from the lesion and identified based on morphological characters along with multilocus sequence analyses on internal transcription spacer, β-tubulin (tub2), histone H3 (his3), and translation elongation factor 1α (tef-1α). Pathogens were confirmed by inoculating the isolates in ginseng roots. Results: A total of 230 isolates were obtained from 209 disease samples. These isolates were classified into 12 species, including Dactylonectria sp., D. hordeicola, Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. torulosum, Ilyonectria mors-panacis, I. robusta, Rhexocercosporidium panacis, and three novel species I. changbaiensis, I. communis, and I. qitaiheensis. Among them, I. communis, I. robusta, and F. solani had the highest isolation frequencies, being 36.1%, 20.9%, and 23.9%, respectively. All these species isolated were pathogenic to ginseng roots and caused red-skin root disease under appropriate condition. Conclusion: Fungal complex is the causal agent of red-skin root in P. ginseng.

Illumination Invariant Chinese Chessboard Reconstruction Based on Color Image

Jianjun Fang,N.Kondo,Jiying Yin,Xiuhong Liu,Kexian Xiao 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

This paper introduces a new approach based on binarized Gabor filters and Hough transform to reconstruct Chinese chessboard by computation. Firstly, Gabor transform is performed directly on an original color image of chessboard to obtain Gabor filters in which only interested lines are kept by selecting appropriate parameters. Secondly, Gabor filters image is binarized and thinned and then lines are detected by Hough transform. Thirdly, a binarized Gabor filters’image is affine rectified and three parameters which dominate reconstruction of chessboard are measured and coordinates of any crossing points in the chessboard can be calculated based on priori information and measured data. Finally, experiments have been conducted to verify illumination invariant feature of proposed approach. Results reveal that this new approach is more robust to illumination change. Comparing to conventional method, it is obviously superior and has been applied in a robust machine vision system for Chinese chess playing robot.

Spatially Constrained Mixture Model and Image Segmentation : A Review

Zhiyong Xiao,Yunhao Yuan,Jianjun Liu,Jinlong Yang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.6

The mixture model is a commonly used approach for image segmentation. However, it doesn’t consider the spatial information. In order to overcome this disadvantage, several spatially constrained mixture models have been proposed. In this paper, these spatially constrained mixture models and their experimental results on synthetic and real world images are presented. These experimental results demonstrate that the spatially constrained mixture models can achieve competitive performance compared to the standard mixture model.

Effect of Glutinous Rice Slurry on the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Lime-Treated Seasonal Permafrost Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Cycles

Jie Deng,Jianjun Zhao,Xiao Zhao,Jianle Yu,Chun Lei,Minlee Lee,Runqiu Huang 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.4

It is important to account for the poor ecological environment of weak seasonal permafrost regions while developing a suitable ground improvement technique. As an organic non-polluting material, glutinous rice slurry improves the unconfined compressive strength of the soil through induction and synergy with lime. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has cold weather, large temperature differences between day and night, and a fragile ecological environment. Once damaged, it is extremely difficult to recover. This study investigates the effects of glutinous rice slurry on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), failure mode, and microstructure of lime-treated seasonally frozen soil subjected to freeze–thaw cycles. Organic glutinous rice slurry with concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% was added to soil specimens that were treated with 10% lime and subjected to 0, 1, 3, 6, and 10 freeze–thaw cycles. In tests, the addition of glutinous rice pulp could increase the UCS of the soil by up to 40%. The first freeze-thaw cycle has the greatest impact on the UCS of the soil sample, with a decrease of 6 – 15%. Glutinous rice slurry can reduce the degradation effects of freeze-thaw cycles by increasing the contact area between soil particles. In a comprehensive evaluation under test conditions, a glutinous rice slurry concentration of 4% led to optimal results. It revealed the change characteristics of the microstructure under the action of freeze-thaw cycles, which has a good corresponding relationship with the macroscopic mechanical properties. The results can provide reference value for the application of glutinous rice slurry in the modification of subgrade soil in seasonal permafrost areas.

The technical analysis and study of decommissioning and abandonment of offshore oil field surface facilities and subsea system

Lu, Guihua,Li, Hongsheng,Xiao, Jianjun,Li, Zhihao,Xu, Minhang Techno-Press 2016 Ocean systems engineering Vol.6 No.3

With more than 100 years exploration and development of offshore oil, more and more offshore oil fields will gradually lose the economic profit to operate. In this article, to take the target oil field for example, the procedure of decommissioning for FPSO, TCMS, subsea system and well abandonment have been analyzed. Meanwhile, the environment impact and mitigation measure have been proposed. The successful project experience will provide a guide line for the offshore facilities decommissioning and abandonment.

Large eddy simulation of turbulent fl ow using the parallel computational fl uid dynamics code GASFLOW-MPI

Han Zhang,Yabing Li,Jianjun Xiao,Thomas Jordan 한국원자력학회 2017 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.49 No.6

GASFLOW-MPI is a widely used scalable computational fluid dynamics numerical tool to simulate the fluidturbulence behavior, combustion dynamics, and other related thermalehydraulic phenomena in nuclearpower plant containment. An efficient scalable linear solver for the large-scale pressure equation is one ofthe key issues to ensure the computational efficiency of GASFLOW-MPI. Several advanced Krylov subspacemethods and scalable preconditioning methods are compared and analyzed to improve the computationalperformance. With the help of the powerful computational capability, the large eddy simulation turbulentmodel is used to resolve more detailed turbulent behaviors. A backward-facing step flow is performed tostudy the free shear layer, the recirculation region, and the boundary layer, which is widespread in manyscientific and engineering applications. Numerical results are compared with the experimental data in theliterature and the direct numerical simulation results by GASFLOW-MPI. Both time-averaged velocityprofile and turbulent intensity are well consistent with the experimental data and direct numericalsimulation result. Furthermore, the frequency spectrum is presented and a e5/3 energy decay is observedfor a wide range of frequencies, satisfying the turbulent energy spectrum theory. Parallel scaling tests arealso implemented on the KIT/IKET cluster and a linear scaling is realized for GASFLOW-MPI.

Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fibers with Excellent Mechanical Properties Produced by Reinforcement of Single-walled Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons with Complete Morphology Obtained by Freezedrying

Di Hu,Chao Xiao,Xia Wang,Xike Xiong,Jun Sun,Qiqi Zhuo,Jianjun Wang,Chuanxiang Qin,Lixing Dai 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.12

Nanofiller reinforcement is an effective approach to realize high performance of regular synthetic fibers. In thispaper, graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) with complete morphology were prepared via unzipping single-walled carbonnanotubes (SWCNTs) through long-time freeze-drying after oxidation. GONRs derived from SWCNTs (SGONRs) did notneed any modification and could be directly added to poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to form uniform dispersions and thencontinuous fibers were fabricated using wet spinning and hot-drawing. SGONRs provided abundant hydrogen bondinginteraction with PVA chains, so SGONRs could not only obviously improve the dispersibility in PVA, but also enhance themechanical properties of the composites. The tensile strength of PVA/SGONRs composite fibers with 0.4 wt% loading ofSGONRs reach 1032 MPa, improved by 121 % compared with PVA/SWCNTs fiber, and by 200 % with PVA fiber,respectively.

The Nedd8-activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 suppresses colon cancer cell growth via triggering autophagy

Lv, Yongzhu,Li, Bing,Han, Kunna,Xiao, Yang,Yu, Xianjun,Ma, Yong,Jiao, Zhan,Gao, Jianjun The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2018 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.22 No.6

Neddylation is a post-translational protein modification process. MLN4924 is a newly discovered pharmaceutical neddylation inhibitor that suppresses cancer growth with several cancer types. In our study, we first investigated the effect of MLN4924 on colon cancer cells (HCT116 and HT29). MLN4924 significantly inhibited the neddylation of cullin-1 and colon cancer cell growth in a time and dose-dependent manner. MLN4924 induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT116 and HT29 cells. Moreover, MLN4924 also triggered autophagy in HCT116 and HT29 cells via suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Inhibiting autophagy by autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or ATG5 knockdown reversed the function of MLN4924 in suppressing colon cancer cell growth and cell death. Interestingly, MLN4924 suppresses colon cell growth in a xenograft model. Together, our finding revealed that blocking neddylation is an attractive colon cancer therapy strategy, and autophagy might act as a novel anti-cancer mechanism for the treatment of colon cancer by MLN4924.

The Nedd8-activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 suppresses colon cancer cell growth via triggering autophagy

Yongzhu Lv,Bing Li,Kunna Han,Yang Xiao,Xianjun Yu,Yong Ma,Zhan Jiao,Jianjun Gao 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.22 No.6

Neddylation is a post-translational protein modification process. MLN4924 is a newly discovered pharmaceutical neddylation inhibitor that suppresses cancer growth with several cancer types. In our study, we first investigated the effect of MLN4924 on colon cancer cells (HCT116 and HT29). MLN4924 significantly inhibited the neddylation of cullin-1 and colon cancer cell growth in a time and dose-dependent manner. MLN4924 induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT116 and HT29 cells. Moreover, MLN4924 also triggered autophagy in HCT116 and HT29 cells via suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Inhibiting autophagy by autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or ATG5 knockdown reversed the function of MLN4924 in suppressing colon cancer cell growth and cell death. Interestingly, MLN4924 suppresses colon cell growth in a xenograft model. Together, our finding revealed that blocking neddylation is an attractive colon cancer therapy strategy, and autophagy might act as a novel anti-cancer mechanism for the treatment of colon cancer by MLN4924.