Effect of degraded flaxseed meals on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and health status of broilers

Ji Xiaoyu,Liu Xiangyu,Wang Jianping,Liu Ning 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.7

Objective: The present study evaluated the effect of flaxseed meal degraded by a protease, <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>, or both on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and health status of broilers.Methods: There were four diets containing flaxseed meals in its non-degraded form (control, CON), degraded with 3,000 U/kg of protease (enzymatic, ELM), 1.0×10⁹ CFU/kg of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (fermented, FLM), or both (dual-degraded, DLM). Each form of flaxseed meals was added at 15% of diet. A total of 480 yellow-feathered broilers at 22 d of age were distributed into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 20 chickens each. The feeding trial lasted for 42 d. Growth performance, apparent fecal digestibility (dry matter, energy, crude protein, and ash), and serum immunoglobins and antioxidases were determined at 42 and 63 d of age.Results: Results showed that ELM, FLM, and DLM increased (p<0.001) the contents of peptides and decreased (p<0.001) cyanogenic glycosides, compared to CON. The diets with degraded flaxseed meals increased (p<0.05) feed intake and body weight gain throughout the feeding trial, and the digestibility of energy, crude protein, and ash at the end of feeding trial. Furthermore, all degraded groups enhanced (p<0.05) broiler health status by increasing serum immunoglobulins A and G. Additinally, DLM showed more pronounced effects (p<0.05) on these parameters than ELM or FLM.Conclusion: Flaxseed meals degraded by enzymolysis, fermentation, or both had improved nutrition and application in broilers. Objective: The present study evaluated the effect of flaxseed meal degraded by a protease, Lactobacillus plantarum, or both on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and health status of broilers. Methods: There were four diets containing flaxseed meals in its non-degraded form (control, CON), degraded with 3,000 U/kg of protease (enzymatic, ELM), 1.0×109 CFU/kg of Lactobacillus plantarum (fermented, FLM), or both (dual-degraded, DLM). Each form of flaxseed meals was added at 15% of diet. A total of 480 yellow-feathered broilers at 22 d of age were distributed into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 20 chickens each. The feeding trial lasted for 42 d. Growth performance, apparent fecal digestibility (dry matter, energy, crude protein, and ash), and serum immunoglobins and antioxidases were determined at 42 and 63 d of age. Results: Results showed that ELM, FLM, and DLM increased (p<0.001) the contents of peptides and decreased (p<0.001) cyanogenic glycosides, compared to CON. The diets with degraded flaxseed meals increased (p<0.05) feed intake and body weight gain throughout the feeding trial, and the digestibility of energy, crude protein, and ash at the end of feeding trial. Furthermore, all degraded groups enhanced (p<0.05) broiler health status by increasing serum immunoglobulins A and G. Additinally, DLM showed more pronounced effects (p<0.05) on these parameters than ELM or FLM. Conclusion: Flaxseed meals degraded by enzymolysis, fermentation, or both had improved nutrition and application in broilers.

Analysis of Mammographic Breast Density in a Group of Screening Chinese Women and Breast Cancer Patients

Liu, Jing,Liu, Pei-Fang,Li, Jun-Nan,Qing, Chun,Ji, Yu,Hao, Xi-Shan,Zhang, Xue-Ning Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.15

Background: A dense breast not only reduces the sensitivity of mammography but also is a moderate independent risk factor for breast cancer. The percentage of Western women with fat breast tissue is higher aged 40 years or older. To a certain extent, mammography as a first choice of screening imaging method for Western women of this group is reasonable. Hitherto, the frequency and age distribution of mammographic breast density patterns among Chinese women had not been characterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and age distribution of mammographic breast density patterns among a group of Chinese screening women and breast cancer patients in order to provide useful information for age-specific guidelines for breast cancer screening in Chinese women. Methods: A retrospective review of a total of 3,394 screening women between August and December 2009 and 2,527 breast cancer patients between July 2011 and June 2012 was conducted. Descriptive analyses were used to examine the association between age and breast density. The significance of differences of breast density between the screening women and the breast cancer patients was examined using nonparametric tests. Results: There was a significant inverse relationship between age and breast density overall (r=-0.37, p< 0.01). Breast density of the breast cancer patients in the subgroups of 40-49 years old was greater compared with that of the screening women, the same in those aged 50-54 years and in those 55 years old or older, less than in the screening group. Conclusions: With regard to the Chinese women younger than 55 years old, the diagnostic efficiency of breast cancer screening imaging examinations may be potentially improved by combining screening mammography with ultrasound.

Reduction of functionalized graphite oxides by trioctylphosphine in non-polar organic solvents

Liu, Jincheng,Jeong, Huiseong,Liu, Jinzhang,Lee, Kyungmoon,Park, Ji-Yong,Ahn, Y.H.,Lee, Soonil Elsevier 2010 Carbon Vol.48 No.8

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Graphene, functionalized with oleylamine (OA) and soluble in non-polar organic solvents, was produced on a large scale with a high yield by combining the Hummers process for graphite oxidation, an amine-coupling process to make OA-functionalized graphite oxide (OA-GO), and a novel reduction process using trioctylphosphine (TOP). TOP acts as both a reducing agent and an aggregation-prevention surfactant in the reduction of OA-GO in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB). The reduction of OA-GO is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The exfoliation of GO, OA-GO, and OA-functionalized graphene (OA-G) is verified by atomic force microscopy. The conductivity of TOP-reduced OA-G, which is deduced from the current–voltage characteristics of a vacuum-filtered thin film, shows that the reduction of functionalized GO by TOP is as effective as the reduction of GO by hydrazine.</P>

Study on proton irradiation effect of GaN optical and electrical properties

Ji Qizheng,Yang Ming,Cheng Qianding,Liu Jun,Liu Shanghe 한국물리학회 2023 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.83 No.5

In-situ spectra of GaN material during proton irradiation and the infuence of proton energy, fuence and temperature are obtained by the measurement of ion beam-induced luminescence (IBIL). The results show that the main luminescence peak comes from the radiation recombination from shallow donors to deep acceptors. The near-band emission was observed at low temperature, and the intensity presents a single decrease with fuence. When the temperature increases, the near-band emission appears red shift, while the yellow band appears blue shift. The depth distributions of protons in the material are diferent with diferent energies, resulting in variations of spectra due to the interface lattice mismatch and trace impurities. The capacitance–voltage curve and the output characteristic curve of GaN devices before and after irradiation were measured. It is found that the carrier density of the devices after 500 keV proton irradiation decreases more, and the degradation degree of low feld mobility is more serious.

MicroRNA Expression Profile Analysis Reveals Diagnostic Biomarker for Human Prostate Cancer

Liu, Dong-Fu,Wu, Ji-Tao,Wang, Jian-Ming,Liu, Qing-Zuo,Gao, Zhen-Li,Liu, Yun-Xiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.7

Prostate cancer is a highly prevalent disease in older men of the western world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression via posttranscriptional inhibition of protein synthesis. To identify the diagnostic potential of miRNAs in prostate cancer, we downloaded the miRNA expression profile of prostate cancer from the GEO database and analysed the differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) in prostate cancerous tissue compared to non-cancerous tissue. Then, the targets of these DE-miRNAs were extracted from the database and mapped to the STRING and KEGG databases for network construction and pathway enrichment analysis. We identified a total of 16 miRNAs that showed a significant differential expression in cancer samples. A total of 9 target genes corresponding to 3 DE-miRNAs were obtained. After network and pathway enrichment analysis, we finally demonstrated that miR-20 appears to play an important role in the regulation of prostate cancer onset. MiR-20 as single biomarker or in combination could be useful in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. We anticipate our study could provide the groundwork for further experiments.

Design of 3-electrode system for <i>in situ</i> monitoring direct methanol fuel cells during long-time running test at high temperature

Liu, Guicheng,Li, Xinyang,Wang, Hui,Liu, Xiuying,Chen, Ming,Woo, Jae Young,Kim, Ji Young,Wang, Xindong,Lee, Joong Kee Elsevier 2017 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.197 No.-

<P>To understand the effect mechanisms of long-time running and high operation temperature on performance of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) more clearly and directly, in this paper, a new design of 3-electrode system with a solution-type salt bridge has been developed to distinguish the integral polarization into anodic and cathodic polarizations at various temperatures and explore the attenuation mechanism by in situ monitoring the potential of anode during long-time running process at 80 degrees C, for the first time. The results indicate that the optimized 3-electrode system consists of a standard calomel electrode (SCE) and a solution-type salt bridge placed in the anode hole filled by 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 solution. By utilization of the 3-electrode system, the effect mechanisms of the running temperature and time on electrochemical parameters of the DMFC have been found: (1) The increasing operation temperature improves cathodic performance more significantly than that of anode; (2) the attenuation of fuel cell performance mainly comes from that of anode during the 20-h running test at 80 degrees C, resulting from the sharp drop of electrochemical active surface area of anode. More important, the new 3-electrode system has simplified the detection equipment and reduced the operating difficulty in a practical application for DMFCs, resulting in its portability. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

녹차 카테킨의 자유 라디칼(Free Radicals) 소거(消去) 메커니즘

Liu Ji Chen,Xian Qiang Yang,Park Jae Il,Sheng Rong Shen,Yue Fei Wang 한국식품과학회 2001 국제녹차심포지엄 Vol.2001 No.1

Population genetics reveals new introgression in the nucleus herd of min pigs

Liu Tianxin,Ji Dongqing,Li Xinyuan,Liu Jiadong,Xu Fei,Miao Zhiying,Chang Yang,Tian Ming,Xu Chunzhu 한국유전학회 2024 Genes & Genomics Vol.46 No.4

Objective Min pigs are a unique genetic resource among local pig breeds in China. They have more excellent characteristics in cold and stress resistance, good meat quality, and a high reproductive rate. However, the genetic structure and driving factors remain unclear in the nucleus herd. In this study, the genetic diversity of Min pigs was studied to reveal the formation mechanism of its unique genetic structure. We hope to protect and develop the genetic resources of Min pigs. Methods We analyzed different types of genes to identify the genetic structure and gene introgression pattern of Min pigs. The nuclear DNA dataset includes information on 21 microsatellite loci and 6 Y-chromosome genes, and the mitochondrial D-loop gene is selected to represent maternal lineages. The above genes are all from the nucleus herd of Min pigs. Results The results of genetic structure identification and analysis of potential exogenous gene introgression patterns indicate that the nucleus herd of Min pigs maintains a high level of genetic diversity (polymorphism information content = 0.713, expected heterozygosity = 0.662, observed heterozygosity = 0.612). Compared with other Asian pig breeds, the formation of Min pig breeds is more special. Gene introgression from European pig breeds to Min pigs has occurred, which is characterized by complete introgression of paternal genes and incomplete introgression of maternal genes. Conclusion Gene introgression caused by cross-breeding is not the main factor leading to the formation of the current genetic structure of Min pigs, but this process has increased the level of genetic diversity in the nucleus herd. Compared with the influence of gene introgression, our research suggest that artificial selection and environmental adaptive evolution make Min pigs form unique genetic characteristics. Objective Min pigs are a unique genetic resource among local pig breeds in China. They have more excellent characteristics in cold and stress resistance, good meat quality, and a high reproductive rate. However, the genetic structure and driving factors remain unclear in the nucleus herd. In this study, the genetic diversity of Min pigs was studied to reveal the formation mechanism of its unique genetic structure. We hope to protect and develop the genetic resources of Min pigs. Methods We analyzed different types of genes to identify the genetic structure and gene introgression pattern of Min pigs. The nuclear DNA dataset includes information on 21 microsatellite loci and 6 Y-chromosome genes, and the mitochondrial D-loop gene is selected to represent maternal lineages. The above genes are all from the nucleus herd of Min pigs. Results The results of genetic structure identification and analysis of potential exogenous gene introgression patterns indicate that the nucleus herd of Min pigs maintains a high level of genetic diversity (polymorphism information content = 0.713, expected heterozygosity = 0.662, observed heterozygosity = 0.612). Compared with other Asian pig breeds, the formation of Min pig breeds is more special. Gene introgression from European pig breeds to Min pigs has occurred, which is characterized by complete introgression of paternal genes and incomplete introgression of maternal genes. Conclusion Gene introgression caused by cross-breeding is not the main factor leading to the formation of the current genetic structure of Min pigs, but this process has increased the level of genetic diversity in the nucleus herd. Compared with the influence of gene introgression, our research suggest that artificial selection and environmental adaptive evolution make Min pigs form unique genetic characteristics.

EXISTENCE RESULTS FOR POSITIVE SOLUTIONS OF NON-HOMOGENEOUS BVPS FOR SECOND ORDER DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS WITH ONE-DIMENSIONAL p-LAPLACIAN

Liu, Yu-Ji Korean Mathematical Society 2010 대한수학회지 Vol.47 No.1

Motivated by [Science in China (Ser. A Mathematics) 36 (2006), no. 7, 721?732], this article deals with the following discrete type BVP $\LARGE\left\{{{\;{\Delta}[{\phi}({\Delta}x(n))]\;+\;f(n,\;x(n\;+\;1),{\Delta}x(n),{\Delta}x(n + 1))\;=\;0,\;n\;{\in}\;[0,N],}}\\{\;{x(0)-{\sum}^m_{i=1}{\alpha}_ix(n_i) = A,}}\\{\;{x(N+2)-\;{\sum}^m_{i=1}{\beta}_ix(n_i)\;=\;B.}}\right.$ The sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of at least three positive solutions of the above multi-point boundary value problem are established by using a new fixed point theorem obtained in [5]. An example is presented to illustrate the main result. It is the purpose of this paper to show that the approach to get positive solutions of BVPs by using multifixed-point theorems can be extended to treat nonhomogeneous BVPs. The emphasis is put on the nonlinear term f involved with the first order delta operator ${\Delta}$x(n).

Effect of bone boiling duration on bone extract supplement quality for broilers as to growth performance, leg bone length, and blood profile

Ji-Hwan Lee,Chang-Hee Lee,Seo-Young Oh,Woo-Gi Kwak,Han-Jin Oh,Won Yun,Jin-Kyu Lee,Ji-Taek Jeong,Yeong-Seok Choi,Shu-Dong Liu,Yang-Il Choi,Jin-Ho Cho 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2017 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.44 No.1