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Impacts of arsenate on the size and fecundity of Myzus persicae across generations
Jaejun Song,Yongeun Kim,Minyoung Lee,June Wee,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2024 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2024 No.04
Herbivorous insects can be exposed to soil contaminants via trophic transfer. To assess the effect of accumulated arsenate (As(V)) in host plants on aphids across generations, Myzus persicae were reared for several generations on pepper (Capsicum annuum) grown in soil treated with 0, 2, 4, and 6 mg of As(V) per kg. In the first generation, the body length of M. persicae significantly (p < 0.05) increased on As(V)-treated plants (μ = 1.29 mm) compared to untreated plants (μ = 1.21 mm). Aphids showed higher fecundity on plants treated with 2mg/kg of As(V) (15.3) compared to untreated ones (10.6), but it decreased again under the 4mg/kg (11.4) and 6mg/kg (11.2) treatments. When newborns were transferred to untreated plants after being reared on each treatment for two previous generations, they exhibited higher fecundity as their parents were treated with higher levels of As(V). While more research is needed to understand the unexpected beneficial effects, this study highlights the complex impacts of soil As(V) on aphid dynamics which span multiple generations.
Doing without Edge Features: A Labeling Approach
Jaejun Kim,Myung-Kwan Park 한국언어학회 2021 언어 Vol.46 No.3
This paper deduces the peculiar aspects of adjunct clause control and parasitic gap formation from the Labeling Algorithm (Chomsky, 2013), coupled with chain composition (Chomsky, 1986), without resorting to edge features. In English and Brazilian Portuguese, adjunct clauses show language-particular behaviors concerning the control of their empty subjects, depending on whether the movement of a matrix wh-object takes place or not. In addition, parasitic gap constructions display well-known cross-clausal movement or merging of the two independent chains in the matrix and the adjunct clauses. This paper argues that when the matrix clause and the adjunct clause vPs are merged, they must be in a parallel state in terms of labeling before feeding chain composition between the two distinct chains in the vPs. Specifically, provided that Merge generates the labeling-wise parallel {unlabeled phrase, unlabeled phrase} or {labeled phrase, labeled phrase} configuration at one point of derivation, the two distinct chains involved within them can form a unified single chain. By establishing a precondition for the formation of chain composition in this way, the derivational steps of the movement involved in adjunct clause empty subject control and parasitic gap constructions can be properly constrained.
Jaejun Lee,Taeyun Kim,Hyun Yang,Si Hyun Bae 대한간학회 2022 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.28 No.2
Background/Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major concern in Korea since its emergence as a dominant cause of chronic liver disease. However, no study has explored its prevalence in adults under 30 years of age. Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD in Korean men in their early 20s. Methods: We collected data of 596,359 Korean soldiers who participated in a health examination between January 2015 and July 2021. A total of 571,872 individuals were analyzed after excluding those with missing data and hepatitis B antigen positivity. Hepatic steatosis was determined using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI). Participants with HSI >36 were considered to have NAFLD. Results: All participants were men, and the mean age was 20.9±1.3 years. Of the 571,872 participants screened, 77,020 (13.47%) were classified as having NAFLD. The prevalence of NAFLD consistently increased from 2015 to 2021 (10.66% vs. 16.44%, P<0.001). Increases from 2015 to 2021 were also noted in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension (P<0.001 for all). The mean body mass index also increased from 23.3±3.0 kg/m2 to 23.9±3.1 kg/m2 between 2015 and 2021 (P<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of NAFLD and of other metabolic dysfunctions in Korean men in their early 20s increased from 2015 to 2021.
The Subject Condition and Determinacy
Jaejun Kim,Myung-Kwan Park 한국중원언어학회 2022 언어학연구 Vol.- No.62
This paper investigates the role of Determinacy within the framework of MERGE as a structure-building operation. A newly conceived notion of MERGE applies to the workspace (WS) that contains syntactic objects. According to Chomsky et al. (2019), MERGE must conform to seven desiderata to efficiently constrain the current derivation. Among the seven desiderata, Determinacy is included as one of them which essentially limits the number of accessible elements into one in a WS. Goto & Ishii (2019a, 2019b), on the other hand, argue that doing away with minimal search, the PIC & TRANSFER alone can account for extraction phenomena. However, concentrating on the subject condition (Chomsky, 1973), this paper is in keeping with Chomsky et al. (2019) that minimal search is in need in accounting for its effect. When the element XP that is to be extracted is base-generated with a head, thereby constituting the set: [{head, XP}], minimal search immediately looks to that specific element XP as a procedure of identifying a syntactic object.