The contested terrain of sport diplomacy in a globalizing world

Steven J. Jackson1 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2013 International Area Studies Review Vol.16 No.3

Sport continues to occupy a rather ambiguous position within the context of politics, foreign policy and diplomatic relations. While one can identify a long list of cases where sport has been credited with diverting conflict, contributing to peace negotiations and helping develop better cultural understanding, there are also many cases where sport has not only fueled conflict but also served as its source. This paper seeks to: (1) highlight the unique features of sport as a cultural site and practice in relation to diplomacy; (2) briefly overview some key dimensions and limitations of sport as an instrument of diplomacy; and (3) offer a preliminary examination of contemporary sport organizations and events in order to understand the implications of the transformational shift occurring between state diplomacy and what might be termed “corporate diplomacy” within an increasingly global context.

Subcellular Localization of the Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus Triple Gene Block Proteins

Lim, Hyoun-Sub,Bragg, Jennifer N.,Ganesan, Uma,Ruzin, Steven,Schichnes, Denise,Lee, Mi Yeon,Vaira, Anna Maria,Ryu, Ki Hyun,Hammond, John,Jackson, Andrew O. American Society for Microbiology 2009 Journal of virology Vol.83 No.18

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P><I>Barley stripe mosaic virus</I> (BSMV) spreads from cell to cell through the coordinated actions of three triple gene block (TGB) proteins (TGB1, TGB2, and TGB3) arranged in overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). Our previous studies (D. M. Lawrence and A. O. Jackson, J. Virol. 75:8712-8723, 2001; D. M. Lawrence and A. O. Jackson, Mol. Plant Pathol. 2:65-75, 2001) have shown that each of these proteins is required for cell-to-cell movement in monocot and dicot hosts. We recently found (H.-S. Lim, J. N. Bragg, U. Ganesan, D. M. Lawrence, J. Yu, M. Isogai, J. Hammond, and A. O. Jackson, J. Virol. 82:4991-5006, 2008) that TGB1 engages in homologous interactions leading to the formation of a ribonucleoprotein complex containing viral genomic and messenger RNAs, and we have also demonstrated that TGB3 functions in heterologous interactions with TGB1 and TGB2. We have now used <I>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</I>-mediated protein expression in <I>Nicotiana benthamiana</I> leaf cells and site-specific mutagenesis to determine how TGB protein interactions influence their subcellular localization and virus spread. Confocal microscopy revealed that the TGB3 protein localizes at the cell wall (CW) in close association with plasmodesmata and that the deletion or mutagenesis of a single amino acid at the immediate C terminus can affect CW targeting. TGB3 also directed the localization of TGB2 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the CW, and this targeting was shown to be dependent on interactions between the TGB2 and TGB3 proteins. The optimal localization of the TGB1 protein at the CW also required TGB2 and TGB3 interactions, but in this context, site-specific TGB1 helicase motif mutants varied in their localization patterns. The results suggest that the ability of TGB1 to engage in homologous binding interactions is not essential for targeting to the CW. However, the relative expression levels of TGB2 and TGB3 influenced the cytosolic and CW distributions of TGB1 and TGB2. Moreover, in both cases, localization at the CW was optimal at the 10:1 TGB2-to-TGB3 ratios occurring in virus infections, and mutations reducing CW localization had corresponding effects on BSMV movement phenotypes. These data support a model whereby TGB protein interactions function in the subcellular targeting of movement protein complexes and the ability of BSMV to move from cell to cell.</P>

Compensatory Neural Reorganization in Tourette Syndrome

Jackson, Stephen ,R.,Parkinson, Amy,Jung, Jeyoung,Ryan, Suzanne ,E.,Morgan, Paul ,S.,Hollis, Chris,Jackson, Georgina ,M. Cell Press 2011 Current biology Vol.21 No.7

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Children with neurological disorders may follow unique developmental trajectories whereby they undergo compensatory neuroplastic changes in brain structure and function that help them gain control over their symptoms [1–6]. We used behavioral and brain imaging techniques to investigate this conjecture in children with Tourette syndrome (TS). Using a behavioral task that induces high levels of intermanual conflict, we show that individuals with TS exhibit enhanced control of motor output. Then, using structural (diffusion-weighted imaging) brain imaging techniques, we demonstrate widespread differences in the white matter (WM) microstructure of the TS brain that include alterations in the corpus callosum and forceps minor (FM) WM that significantly predict tic severity in TS. Most importantly, we show that task performance for the TS group (but not for controls) is strongly predicted by the WM microstructure of the FM pathways that lead to the prefrontal cortex and by the functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level-dependent response in prefrontal areas connected by these tracts. These results provide evidence for compensatory brain reorganization that may underlie the increased self-regulation mechanisms that have been hypothesized to bring about the control of tics during adolescence.</P>

THE WTO 'CONSTITUTION' AND PROPOSED REFORMS SEVEN 'MANTRAS' REVISITED

John H. Jackson 연세법학회 2001 연세법학 Vol.8 No.1

The Early Education of Queen Elizabeth I and Her Later Translation of Boethius's De Consolatione Philosophiae

Jackson, John Morris,Kaylor, Noel Harold Jr. 중세영문학연구회 2002 중세영문학 Vol.10 No.2

At Windsor, Queen Elizabeth I translated Boethius's De Consolatione Philosophiae into English in 1593. She appears to have worked with great speed and relative accuracy, which attests to her command of Latin. This paper considers her early education as informative, both on the classical authors in whose works she had long been steeped and on the methodology that is evident in the translation made in her sixtieth year. Primarily under Roger Ascham's direction, Elizabeth was presented texts that would encourage her use of "e purest diction,"upply her with superior values and perspectives, and endow her with the moral fortitude required in a monarch. The selected texts included those by Cicero, Demonsthenes, Isocrates, Sophocles, Livy, and mostly likely Boethius, whom Ascham cited as a touchstone of his own educational values. It was by instruction in Ascham's "uble translation"ethod, which he described in his The Scholemaster, that Elizabeth acquired her profound command of written and spoken Latin. By his own description, this method entails translating a classical text first into English and then, after a time, translating that English back into the original language of the text. This practice cultivates a literalness in the rendering of a text into English and also a gravitation toward, wherever possible, the use of cognates. An examination of Elizabeth's 1593 translation of the Consolation of Philosophy indicates that the queen continued to benefit from her childhood instruction even to the end of her long and glorious reign.

UV activation of polymeric high aspect ratio microstructures: ramifications in antibody surface loading for circulating tumor cell selection

Jackson, J.,Witek, M.,Hupert, M.,Brady, C.,Pullagurla, S.,Kamande, J.,Aufforth, R.,Tignanelli, C.,Torphy, R.,Yeh, J. Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Lab on a chip Vol.14 No.1

The need to activate thermoplastic surfaces using robust and efficient methods has been driven by the fact that replication techniques can be used to produce microfluidic devices in a high production mode and at low cost, making polymer microfluidics invaluable for in vitro diagnostics, such as circulating tumor cell (CTC) analysis, where device disposability is critical to mitigate artifacts associated with sample carryover. Modifying the surface chemistry of thermoplastic devices through activation techniques can be used to increase the wettability of the surface or to produce functional scaffolds to allow for the covalent attachment of biologics, such as antibodies for CTC recognition. Extensive surface characterization tools were used to investigate UV activation of various surfaces to produce uniform and high surface coverage of functional groups, such as carboxylic acids in microchannels of different aspect ratios. We found that the efficiency of the UV activation process is highly dependent on the microchannel aspect ratio and the identity of the thermoplastic substrate. Colorimetric assays and fluorescence imaging of UV-activated microchannels following EDC/NHS coupling of Cy3-labeled oligonucleotides indicated that UV-activation of a PMMA microchannel with an aspect ratio of similar to 3 was significantly less efficient toward the bottom of the channel compared to the upper sections. This effect was a consequence of the bulk polymer's damping of the modifying UV radiation due to absorption artifacts. In contrast, this effect was less pronounced for COC. Moreover, we observed that after thermal fusion bonding of the device's cover plate to the substrate, many of the generated functional groups buried into the bulk rendering them inaccessible. The propensity of this surface reorganization was found to be higher for PMMA compared to COC. As an example of the effects of material and microchannel aspect ratios on device functionality, thermoplastic devices for the selection of CTCs from whole blood were evaluated, which required the immobilization of monoclonal antibodies to channel walls. From our results, we concluded the CTC yield and purity of isolated CTCs were dependent on the substrate material with COC producing the highest clinical yields for CTCs as well as better purities compared to PMMA.

Variability of the PM10 concentration in the urban atmosphere of Sabah and its responses to diurnal and weekly changes of CO, NO2, SO2 and Ozone

Jackson CHANG Hian Wui,CHEE Fuei Pien,Steven KONG Soon Kai,Justin SENTIAN 한국대기환경학회 2018 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.12 No.2

This paper presents seasonal variation of PM10 over five urban sites in Sabah, Malaysia for the period of January through December 2012. The variability of PM10 along with the diurnal and weekly cycles of CO, NO2, SO2, and O3 at Kota Kinabalu site were also discussed to investigate the possible sources for increased PM10 concentration at the site. This work is crucial to understand the behaviour and possible sources of PM10 in the urban atmosphere of Sabah region. In Malaysia, many air pollution studies in the past focused in west Peninsular, but very few local studies were dedicated for Sabah region. This work aims to fill the gap by presenting the descriptive statistics on the variability of PM10 concentration in the urban atmosphere of Sabah. To further examine its diurnal and weekly cycle pattern, its responses towards the variations of CO, NO2, SO2, and ozone were also investigated. The highest mean value of PM10 for the whole study period is seen from Tawau (35.7±17.8 μg m-3), while the lowest is from Keningau (31.9± 18.6 μg m-3). The concentrations of PM10 in all cities exhibited seasonal variations with the peak values occurred during the south-west monsoons. The PM10 data consistently exhibited strong correlations with traffic related gaseous pollutants (NO2, and CO), except for SO2 and O3. The analysis of diurnal cycles of PM10 levels indicated that two peaks were associated during the morning and evening rush hours. The bimodal distribution of PM10, CO, and NO2 in the front and at the back of ozone peak is a representation of urban air pollution pattern. In the weekly cycle, higher PM10, CO, and NO2 concentrations were observed during the weekday when compared to weekend. The characteristics of NO2 concentration rationed to CO and SO2 suggests that mobile sources is the dominant factor for the air pollution in Kota Kinabalu, particularly during weekdays. This paper presents seasonal variation of PM10 over five urban sites in Sabah, Malaysia for the period of January through December 2012. The variability of PM10 along with the diurnal and weekly cycles of CO, NO2, SO2, and O3 at Kota Kinabalu site were also discussed to investigate the possible sources for increased PM10 concentration at the site. This work is crucial to understand the behaviour and possible sources of PM10 in the urban atmosphere of Sabah region. In Malaysia, many air pollution studies in the past focused in west Peninsular, but very few local studies were dedicated for Sabah region. This work aims to fill the gap by presenting the descriptive statistics on the variability of PM10 concentration in the urban atmosphere of Sabah. To further examine its diurnal and weekly cycle pattern, its responses towards the variations of CO, NO2, SO2, and ozone were also investigated. The highest mean value of PM10 for the whole study period is seen from Tawau (35.7±17.8 μg m-3), while the lowest is from Keningau (31.9± 18.6 μg m-3). The concentrations of PM10 in all cities exhibited seasonal variations with the peak values occurred during the south-west monsoons. The PM10 data consistently exhibited strong correlations with traffic related gaseous pollutants (NO2, and CO), except for SO2 and O3. The analysis of diurnal cycles of PM10 levels indicated that two peaks were associated during the morning and evening rush hours. The bimodal distribution of PM10, CO, and NO2 in the front and at the back of ozone peak is a representation of urban air pollution pattern. In the weekly cycle, higher PM10, CO, and NO2 concentrations were observed during the weekday when compared to weekend. The characteristics of NO2 concentration rationed to CO and SO2 suggests that mobile sources is the dominant factor for the air pollution in Kota Kinabalu; particularly during weekdays.

Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) based Defect Characterization of Steam Generator Tubes using Artificial Neural Networks

Jackson Daniel,A. Abudhahir,J. Janet Paulin 한국자기학회 2017 Journal of Magnetics Vol.22 No.1

Material defects in the Steam Generator Tubes (SGT) of sodium cooled fast breeder reactor (PFBR) can lead to leakage of water into sodium. The water and sodium reaction will lead to major accidents. Therefore, the examination of steam generator tubes for the early detection of defects is an important requirement for safety and economic considerations. In this work, the Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) based Non Destructive Testing (NDT) technique is used to perform the defect detection process. The rectangular notch defects on the outer surface of steam generator tubes are modeled using COMSOL multiphysics 4.3a software. The obtained MFL images are de-noised to improve the integrity of flaw related information. Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features are extracted from MFL images and taken as input parameter to train the neural network. A comparative study on characterization have been carried out using feed-forward back propagation (FFBP) and cascade-forward back propagation (CFBP) algorithms. The results of both algorithms are evaluated with Mean Square Error (MSE) as a prediction performance measure. The average percentage error for length, depth and width are also computed. The result shows that the feed-forward back propagation network model performs better in characterizing the defects.

Atomic scale crystal growth processes

Jackson, Kenneth A.,Beatty, Kirk M. The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 1999 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Computer simulations have played a central role in the development of our understanding of the atomic scale processes involved in crystal growth. The assumptions underlying computer modeling will be discussed and our recent work on modeling of the kinetic formation of thermodynamically unstable phases in alloys or mixtures will be reviewed. Our Monte Carlo computer simulations have reproduced the experimental results on the rapid recrystallization of laser-melted doped silicon. An analytical model for this phenomenon has been developed, and its applicability to other materials will be discussed.

Sequencing crop genomes: approaches and applications

Jackson, Scott A.,Iwata, Aiko,Lee, Suk‐,Ha,Schmutz, Jeremy,Shoemaker, Randy Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 The New phytologist Vol.191 No.4

<P><B>Contents</B></P><P> <tabularFixed><table frame='none'><tgroup cols='3' align='left'><colspec colname='col1' colnum='1'/><colspec colname='col2' colnum='2'/><colspec colname='col3' colnum='3'/><tbody valign='top'><row><entry/><entry>Summary</entry><entry>915</entry></row><row><entry>I.</entry><entry>Genomics and crop improvement</entry><entry>915</entry></row><row><entry>II.</entry><entry>Complexity of plant genomes</entry><entry>916</entry></row><row><entry>III.</entry><entry>Evolution of genome sequencing</entry><entry>917</entry></row><row><entry>IV.</entry><entry>Future of genome sequencing</entry><entry>919</entry></row><row><entry>V.</entry><entry>Application of genomics for crop improvement</entry><entry>920</entry></row><row><entry>VI.</entry><entry>Unlocking the potential of genetic diversity through genomic   approaches</entry><entry>922</entry></row><row><entry/><entry>Acknowledgements</entry><entry>923</entry></row><row><entry/><entry>References</entry><entry>923</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tabularFixed> </P><P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Many challenges face plant scientists, in particular those working on crop production, such as a projected increase in population, decrease in water and arable land, changes in weather patterns and predictability. Advances in genome sequencing and resequencing can and should play a role in our response to meeting these challenges. However, several barriers prevent rapid and effective deployment of these tools to a wide variety of crops. Because of the complexity of crop genomes, <I>de novo</I> sequencing with next‐generation sequencing technologies is a process fraught with difficulties that then create roadblocks to the utilization of these genome sequences for crop improvement. Collecting rapid and accurate phenotypes in crop plants is a hindrance to integrating genomics with crop improvement, and advances in informatics are needed to put these tools in the hands of the scientists on the ground.</P>