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INFECTIOUS STUNTING SYNDROME OF BROILER CHICKS I. CLINICAL SIGNS AND PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS
Khan, S.A.,Mustafa, G.,Chaudhry, R.A.,Iqbal, M.,Khan, M.I. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1995 Animal Bioscience Vol.8 No.1
This study represented an endeavor to observe clinical signs and pathological lesions in broiler chicks suffering from experimental Infectious stunting syndrome(ISS). One hundred and twenty day old broiler chicks were divide randomly into two equal groups i.e. control (A) and inoculated (B). At day one of age each chick of the groups (A and B) was dosed with one ml of either tryptose phosphate broth or prepared inoculum respectively. Chicks of both the groups were housed separately under similar standard management. Inoculation induced characteristic clinical changes in birds of treatment group like of brownish diarrhea, lameness, feather developing problems and paleness of combs, wattles and shanks. By day-29 of the experiment all the stunted birds from group-B and an equal number of birds from group-A were slaughtered. These birds were examined thoroughly to record the gross changes in various structures and then the severely affected organs were processed for histopathological examination. The skeletons of affected birds were brittle, keel bones showed quite prominence while the muscles and subcutaneous tissues were almost devoid of fat. Grossly it was observed that pancreas, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were severely atrophied while the intestines were ballooned with undigested feed and gases. Histopathological examination of pancreas and spleen revealed a classical picture necessary for understanding the pathogenesis of the syndrome. The acivar cells of pancreas were atrophied and underwent vacuolation, degeneration and vecrosis. The zymogen granules were almost absent from the acinar cells. A characteristic change was an inflammatory reaction in one or more pancreatic ducts where the epithelium and fibrous tissues occluded the lumen of the ducts and led to the obstruction in pancreatic drainage.
Antioxidant Properties of Methanolic Extracts from Leaves of Rhazya stricta
Shahid Iqbal,M.I. Bhanger,Mubeena Akhtar,Farooq Anwar,Khawaja Raees Ahmed,Tabraz Anwer 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.2
Because of increased safety concerns about synthetic antioxidants, exploitation of cheaper and safer sourcesof antioxidants based on natural origin is the focus of research nowadays. Rhazya stricta is a medicinally important plant na-tive to South Asia. Extraction of antioxidants was carried out in different solvent systems, i.e., water, 80% methanol, 70%ethanol, and diethyl ether. The methanolic extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content among the extracts; thereforefor further studies the methanolic extract was employed. Antioxidant activity measurement in the linoleic acid system, metalchelating activity, reducing power, scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical, and superoxide anion rad-ical scavenging activity were taken as the parameters for assessment of antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts. Resultswere compared with .-tocopherol and the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole. The antioxidant potential of methano-lic extracts of R. strictaleaves was comparable with previously exploited potent antioxidants and is strongly concentrationdependent.
Herath, Indika,Iqbal, M. C. M.,Al-Wabel, Mohammad I.,Abduljabbar, Adel,Ahmad, Mahtab,Usman, Adel R. A.,Sik Ok, Yong,Vithanage, Meththika Springer-Verlag 2017 Journal of soils and sediments Vol.17 No.3
<P>Pore diffusion, and adsorption via pi-pi electron donor-acceptor interactions were the primary mechanisms to be involved in the Cr retention in BC. Results suggested that the addition of BC to TWS reduces the mobility, bioavailability, and phytotoxicity of Cr in tomato plants.</P>
Mehmood, A.,Iqbal, M.I.,Lee, J.Y.,Hwang, J.,Jung, K.D.,Ha, H.Y. Pergamon Press 2016 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.219 No.-
We propose a new configuration of a 3-compartment electrochemical cell for producing alkali that is subsequently utilized for mineralization of carbon dioxide. In this new membrane configuration, a second cation exchange membrane (CEM) replaces the anion exchange membrane (AEM) employed in a standard cell configuration. The electrochemical cell comprising of two cation exchange membranes (a CEM-CEM system) eliminates the issues associated with the AEM such as low ionic conductivity and inferior mechanical strength. All of tested CEM-CEM combinations exhibit superior electrochemical performance with considerable reduction of energy requirement for NaOH production in comparison to the standard AEM-CEM configuration. The optimized two-CEMs-based system presents a remarkable enhancement of output current density by 2.5-fold and a substantial input energy savings up to 740kWhton<SUP>-1</SUP> for mineralization of carbon dioxide to produce sodium carbonate.
Construction of Single Axis Automatic Solar Tracking System
Md. Khalid Iqbal,Tanvir Islam,M. Chowdhury,Ahmed Imteaj 보안공학연구지원센터(IJUNESST) 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.1
Solar power is the transformation of daylight into power, either straightforwardly utilizing photovoltaic (PV), or in a roundabout way controlling concentrated sun powered force (CSP). Concentrated sun powered force frameworks use lenses or mirrors and following frameworks to center a huge region of daylight into a little pillar. A feasible approach to maximize the efficiency of solar array systems is sun tracking. This paper demonstrates a novel method which will automatically track the sun’s position and accordingly change the direction of the solar panel to get the maximum output from the solar cell with the help with IC LM339N, Sensor (LDR) and DC geared motor. This paper offers a dependable and reasonable strategy for adjusting a aligning a solar module with the sun keeping in mind the end goal to maximize its energy output.
Muhammad Shahbaz,Sohail Iqbal,M. Mubasher Saleem,R. I. Shakoor 한국정밀공학회 2023 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.24 No.2
Wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) and embedded microsystems (EMS) have become a center of focus for researchers from all over the world due to their enormous sensing and monitoring applications in multiple areas including biotechnology, agriculture, healthcare, and consumer electronics. To ensure proper functioning of these systems, continuous power supply is required. The research paper presents a piezoelectric vibrational energy harvester that is designed with enhanced power extraction capability at low frequency. A compliant trapezoidal beam with optimized proof mass placement at one end, to enhance piezoelectric output, is designed, fabricated, and experimentally tested. The parametric design of the energy harvester consists of a piezoelectric ceramic crystal barium titanate (BaTiO3) bonded to an optimized micro-folded trapezoidal beam. The designed energy harvester has been analytically modeled using Euler beam theory and simulated using MATLAB. The static, dynamic and piezoelectric energy conversion response of the energy harvester is verified through finite element method (FEM) based Multiphysics simulations. The fabrication of the energy harvester design has been carried out using low-cost wire cutting process. The experimental characterization of the proposed energy harvester shows that 32.36 V voltage and 2.216 mW power can be extracted at the operational frequency of 15 Hz with a factor of safety of 1.30. The experimental characterization results showed a good agreement with the FEM simulations with an error < 7%. The proposed energy harvester can be used to power WSNs, EMS, micro control units and microdevices using low frequency vibrations.
Yasin Muhammad Ilyas,Khan M. I.,Kanwal Shamsa,ALResheedi Dalil Bulayis N.,Fatima Mahvish,Alwadai Norah,Yousef El Sayed,Ihtisham-ul-haq,Iqbal Munawar 한국세라믹학회 2024 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.61 No.4
According to reports, a unique method to improve the efficiency of titanium dioxide (TiO 2) dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) involves inserting foreign ions into the material’s lattice structure before forming the heterostructure. The sol–gel technique has been used to produce films of TiO 2, Cr–TiO 2, TiO 2@Cr–TiO 2, and Cr–TiO 2@TiO 2. A small quantity of rutile phase with the anatase phase was observed in heterostructures, and XRD validated the anatase phase of pure Cr–TiO 2@TiO 2, which contains a large grain size (46 nm). SEM presents numerous well-formed, homogenous grains in the structure of Cr–TiO 2@ TiO 2, providing a large surface area for dye loading in DSSCs. Among all samples, Cr–TiO 2@TiO 2 exhibits a small band gap (Eg) (3.2 eV), and high transmittance in the visible spectrum has been observed by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The Cr–TiO 2@ TiO 2 cell demonstrates high Jsc (7.69 mA-cm −2), Voc (0.79 V), and effi ciency (4.57%). The small recombination resistance, verifi ed from EIS, is responsible for this high efficiency.