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Vithanage, Meththika,Bandara, Tharanga,Al-Wabel, Mohammad I.,Abduljabbar, Adel,Usman, Adel R. A.,Ahmad, Mahtab,Ok, Yong Sik Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2018 Communications in soil science and plant analysis Vol.49 No.5
<P>Woody biochars derived by pyrolyzing Gliricidia sepium at 300 degrees C and 500 degrees C and a waste byproduct of same biomass from a bioenergy industry (BC700) were tested for their effect on soil enzymes activities and available form of heavy metals in multi-metals contaminated soil. Pot experiments were conducted during 6 weeks with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) at biochar application rates, 1, 2.5, and 5% (w/w). A reduction in polyphenol oxidase with biochars produced at increasing pyrolysis temperature compared to the control whereas the maximum activity of dehydrogenase and catalase was observed in 1% BC500 and 2.5% BC300, respectively. Soil available form of Ni, Mn, and Cr were reduced by 55, 70% and 80% in 5% BC700 amended soil, respectively. The highest geometric mean of enzyme activities was observed in 2.5% BC300 treatment. Overall the application of high dosages of high temperature derived biochar masks/deteriorates soil enzyme activities but immobilizes bioavailable heavy metals and reduces toxicity.</P>
Herath, Indika,Iqbal, M. C. M.,Al-Wabel, Mohammad I.,Abduljabbar, Adel,Ahmad, Mahtab,Usman, Adel R. A.,Sik Ok, Yong,Vithanage, Meththika Springer-Verlag 2017 Journal of soils and sediments Vol.17 No.3
<P>Pore diffusion, and adsorption via pi-pi electron donor-acceptor interactions were the primary mechanisms to be involved in the Cr retention in BC. Results suggested that the addition of BC to TWS reduces the mobility, bioavailability, and phytotoxicity of Cr in tomato plants.</P>
Poulose, Anesh Manjaly,Elnour, Ahmed Yagoub,Anis, Arfat,Shaikh, Hamid,Al-Zahrani, S.M.,George, Justin,Al-Wabel, Mohammad I.,Usman, Adel R.,Ok, Yong Sik,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Sarmah, Ajit K. Elsevier 2018 The Science of the total environment Vol.619 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The application of biochar (BC) as a filler in polymers can be viewed as a sustainable approach that incorporates pyrolysed waste based value-added material and simultaneously mitigate bio-waste in a smart way. The overarching aim of this work was to investigate the electrical, mechanical, thermal and rheological properties of biocomposite developed by utilizing date palm waste-derived BC for the reinforcing of polypropylene (PP) matrix. Date palm waste derived BC prepared at (700 and 900°C) were blended at different proportions with polypropylene and the resultant composites (BC/PP) were characterized using an array of techniques (scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy). Additionally the thermal, mechanical, electrical and rheological properties of the BC/PP composites were evaluated at different loading of BC content (from 0 to15% w/w). The mechanical properties of BC/PP composites showed an improvement in the tensile modulus while that of electrical characterization revealed an enhanced electrical conductivity with increased BC loading. Although the BC incorporation into the PP matrix has significantly reduced the total crystallinity of the resulted composites, however; a positive effect on the crystallization temperature (T<SUB>c</SUB>) was observed. The rheological characterization of BC/PP composites revealed that the addition of BC had minimal effect on the storage modulus (G′) compared to the neat (PP).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Date palm waste derived biochar was used as filler for polymer composites' applications. </LI> <LI> Biochar/polypropylene (BC/PP) composites' properties such as electrical, mechanical, thermal and rheological were investigated. </LI> <LI> The BC/PP composites' surface resistivity was decreased by four orders of magnitude. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Chlorpyrifos-induced biomarkers in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Jeon, H. J.,Lee, Y. H.,Mo, H. h.,Kim, M. J.,Al-Wabel, M. I.,Kim, Y.,Cho, K.,Kim, T. W.,Ok, Y. S.,Lee, S. E. Springer 2016 Environmental Science and Pollution Research Vol. No.
<P>Chlorpyrifos (CHL) is an organophosphate compound that is widely used as an insecticide. Due to its repeated use and high environmental residual property, CHL is frequently passed into aquatic environments by runoff. Consequently, there may be an adverse effect on aquatic vertebrate animals, including fish. Therefore, in this study, we assessed how CHL affected Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). The acute toxicity of CHL in adult fish after 96 h of exposure was determined to be 212.50, 266.79, and 412.28 mu g L-1 (LC25, LC50, and LC95, respectively). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and carboxylesterase (CE) activities were obtained from the livers of dead or surviving fish, and the results showed 4.8-fold lower, 4.5-fold higher, and 18.6-fold lower activities for the AChE, GST, and CE, respectively, for 64-h exposure at a concentration of 400 mu g L-1 of CHL. In the embryo toxicity test, curved spines were observed in embryos that were exposed to CHL for 48 h in a concentration-dependent manner. With identification of biomarkers for CHL in the fish, two protein peaks, 5550.86 and 5639.79 m/z, were found to be upregulated. These two proteins can be used as protein biomarkers for CHL contamination in aquatic systems. A phosphatidyl choline with an m/z ratio of 556.32 dramatically decreased after CHL exposure in the fish; thus, it may be considered as a lipid biomarker for CHL. It is assumed as the first report to identify a phospholipid biomarker using a lipidomics approach in fish toxicology. Taken together, these results demonstrated the adverse effects of CHL on Japanese medaka and reveal several candidate biomarkers that can be used as diagnostic tools for determining CHL.</P>
Ahmad, Mahtab,Lee, Sang Soo,Lee, Sung Eun,Al-Wabel, Mohammad I.,Tsang, Daniel C. W.,Ok, Yong Sik Springer-Verlag 2017 Journal of soils and sediments Vol.17 No.3
<P>It is noteworthy that the application of biochars is not equally effective in immobilizing metals or mobilizing metalloids in different soils. We should apply biochar to multi-metal contaminated soil with great caution and tailor biochar production for achieving desired outcome and avoiding adverse impact on soil ecosystem.</P>
Idrees, Muhammad,Batool, Saima,Ullah, Hidayat,Hussain, Qaiser,Al-Wabel, Mohammad I.,Ahmad, Mahtab,Hussain, Amjad,Riaz, Muhammad,Ok, Yong Sik,Kong, Jie Elsevier 2018 Journal of molecular liquids Vol.266 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the present investigation, poultry manure and farmyard manure-derived biochars were applied as cost-effective adsorbents for manganese (Mn) removal from aqueous media. Effects of functional parameters such as solution pH, contact time, temperature and concentration on the Mn removal efficiency of biochars were evaluated. Poultry manure-derived biochar exhibited greater adsorption efficiency than farmyard manure-derived biochar due to its porosity and surface functionality. The maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 6, temperature 298 K and contact time of 3 h. The adsorption isotherm data was well fitted to the Freundlich model indicating multilayer adsorption onto heterogeneous surfaces of the biochars. Thermodynamics calculations affirmed that Mn adsorption onto biochars was spontaneous and exothermic process governed by hydrogen bonding type of electrostatic interaction. Post-adsorption spectroscopic analysis of Mn-loaded biochars evidenced the binding of Mn with active surface functionalities of biochars.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biochar, a by-product of pyrolysis, was prepared as a low cost adsorbent precursor. </LI> <LI> Effect of derived biochars on Manganese removal efficiency was investigated. </LI> <LI> FBC and PBC characteristics were analyzed. </LI> <LI> Langmuir and Freundlich models were used for equilibrium modeling. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Biochar soil amendment on alleviation of drought and salt stress in plants: a critical review
Ali, S.,Rizwan, M.,Qayyum, M. F.,Ok, Y. S.,Ibrahim, M.,Riaz, M.,Arif, M. S.,Hafeez, F.,Al-Wabel, M. I.,Shahzad, A. N. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Environmental Science and Pollution Research Vol.24 No.14
<P>Drought and salt stress negatively affect soil fertility and plant growth. Application of biochar, carbon-rich material developed from combustion of biomass under no or limited oxygen supply, ameliorates the negative effects of drought and salt stress on plants. The biochar application increased the plant growth, biomass, and yield under either drought and/or salt stress and also increased photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and modified gas exchange characteristics in drought and salt-stressed plants. Under drought stress, biochar increased the water holding capacity of soil and improved the physical and biological properties of soils. Under salt stress, biochar decreased Na+ uptake, while increased K+ uptake by plants. Biochar-mediated increase in salt tolerance of plants is primarily associated with improvement in soil properties, thus increasing plant water status, reduction of Na+ uptake, increasing uptake of minerals, and regulation of stomatal conductance and phytohormones. This review highlights both the potential of biochar in alleviating drought and salt stress in plants and future prospect of the role of biochar under drought and salt stress in plants.</P>