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Jeewon Lee,Young-Sook Kwak,Yoon-Jung Kim,Eun-Ji Kim,E Jin Park,Yunmi Shin,Bun-Hee Lee,So Hee Lee,Hee Yeon Jung,Inseon Lee,Jung Im Hwang,Dongsik Kim,Soyoung Irene Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.3
“Comfort women” are survivors of sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, who endured extensive trauma including massive rape and physical torture. While previous studies have been focused on the trauma of the survivors themselves, the effects of the trauma on the offspring has never been evaluated before. In this article, we reviewed the first study on the offspring of former “comfort women” and aimed to detect the evidence of transgenerational transmission of trauma. In-depth psychiatric interviews and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Axis I Disorders were conducted with six offspring of former “comfort women.” Among the six participants, five suffered from at least one psychiatric disorder including major depressive disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder, insomnia disorder, somatic symptom disorder, and alcohol use disorder. Participants showed similar shame and hyperarousal symptoms as their mothers regarding stimuli related to the “comfort woman” issue. Increased irritability, problems with aggression control, negative worldview, and low self-esteem were evident in the children of mothers with posttraumatic stress disorder. Finding evidence of transgenerational transmission of trauma in offspring of “comfort women” is important. Future studies should include more samples and adopt a more objective method.
Jeewon Lee,YoungSook Kwak,YoonJung Kim,EunJi Kim,EJin Park,Yunmi Shin,BunHee Lee,SoHee Lee,HeeYeon Jung,Inseon Lee,JungIm Hwang,Dongsik Kim,Soyoung Irene Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.4
“Comfort women” refers to young women and girls who were forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese military during World War II. They were abducted from their homes in countries under Imperial Japanese rule, mostly from Korea, and the rest from China, Philippines, Malaysia, Taiwan, Indonesia, the Netherlands, etc. “Comfort women” endured extreme trauma involving rape, sexual torture, physical abuse, starvation, threats of death, and witnessed many others being tortured and killed. This article reviews all the studies that have investigated the psychiatric or psychosocial sequelae of the survivors of the Japanese military sexual slavery. Most importantly, a recent study which conducted a psychiatric evaluation on the former “comfort women” currently alive in South Korea is introduced. The participants’ unmarried rate was relatively high and their total fertility rate was relatively low. Majority of the participants reported having no education and being the low economic status. They showed high current and lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic disorder, major depressive disorder, somatic symptom disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and alcohol use disorder. Participants showed high suicidality and majority of the participants still reported being ashamed of being former “comfort women” after all these years. This article highlights the fact that the trauma has affected the mental health and social functioning of former “comfort women” throughout their lives, and even to the present day.
Lee, Jeongjoon,Lee, Inseon,Nam, Jahyun,Hwang, Dong Soo,Yeon, Kyung-Min,Kim, Jungbae American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.18
<P>Acylase (AC) was immobilized and stabilized on carboxylated polyaniline nanofibers (cPANFs) for the development of antifouling nanobiocatalysts with high enzyme loading and stability. AC was immobilized via three different approaches: covalent attachment (CA), enzyme coating (EC), and magnetically separable enzyme precipitate coating (Mag-EPC). The enzyme activity per unit weight of cPANFs with Mag-EPC was 75 and 300 times higher than that of those with CA and EC, respectively, representing improved enzyme loading in the form of Mag-EPC. After incubation under shaking at 200 rpm for 20 days, Mag-EPC maintained 55% of its initial activity, whereas CA and EC showed 3 and 16% of their initial activities, respectively. The antifouling of highly loaded and stable Mag-EPC against the biofouling/biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was tested under static- and continuous-flow conditions. Biofilm formation in the presence of 40,mu g/mL Mag-EPC under static condition was 5 times lower than that under control condition with no addition of Mag-EPC. Under continuous membrane filtration, Mag-EPC delayed the increase of transmembrane pressure (TMP) more effectively as the concentration of added Mag-EPC increased. When separating Mag-EPC and membranes in two different vessels under internal circulation of the culture solution, Mag-EPC maintained a higher permeability than the control with no Mag-EPC addition. It was also confirmed that the addition of Mag-EPC reduced the generation of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) autoinducers. This result reveals that the inhibition of biofilm formation and biofouling in the presence of Mag-EPC is due to the hydrolysis of AHL autoinducers, catalyzed by the immobilized and stabilized AC in the form of Mag-EPC. Mag-EPC of AC with high enzyme loadings and improved stability has demonstrated its great potential as an antifouling agent by reducing biofilm formation and membrane biofouling based on 'enzymatic quorum quenching' of autoinducers.</P>
Trajectory of Peer Relationships of Adolescent Youth Involved with the Child Welfare System
Inseon Lee(이인선) 연세대학교 사회복지연구소 2011 한국사회복지조사연구 Vol.27 No.-
본 연구는 학대를 받아 미국의 아동보호서비스에 접수된 아동들의 발달궤적을 아동의 또래 관계에 중점을 두고 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 청소년기 아동의 또래관계가 시간이 지남에 따라 어떻게 변화하는지, 또한 주양육자와의 관계의 질, 아동이 가진 내적·외적 문제행동이 또래 관계의 발달에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 미국의 아동보호서비스를 받고 있는 아동에 대한 전국 확률표본 데이터인 National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW)을 사용하였다. 청소년기 아동의 또래관계의 변화를 살펴보고 양육자와의 관계, 문제행 동이 또래관계의 변화에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 잠재성장모형을 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 아동의 또래관계는 3년에 걸쳐 향상되는 경향을 보였으며, 초기 양육자와의 관계, 내적문제행동이 초기 또래관계와 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 결과에 바탕한 임상적 함의가 제시되었다. This study examined the developmental trajectory of adolescent youth involved with the child welfare system, particularly focusing on their peer relationships. The study investigated how adolescents relationships with peers change over time and how these relationships are affected by their relationships with caregivers and their internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. Data are from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW), a national probability sample of children and adolescents who have contact with child protective services in the United States. Latent growth curve modeling was conducted to examine the change of peer relationships over time, and the effects of caregiver relationships and behavior problems on the peer relationship. Results showed that their peer interactions improved over 36-month period. Youths relationships with caregivers and internalizing behavior problems at baseline were both significantly related with initial levels of peer relationships. Implications for maltreatment literature and for social work practice were addressed.