정신병환자에서 집단정신치료와 싸이코드라마의 치료요인 비교

윤성철,이후경,정인과,이규항,함 웅,차정화 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.3

목 적 : 본 연구에서는 정신병환자를 대상으로 실시한 집단정신치료와 싸이코드라마에 작용하는 치료요인을 조사하여, 그 치료적 특성들을 비교하기 위한 목적으로 이루어졌다. 방 법 : 1996년 9월부터 1997년 5월까지 낮병원에 참여한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 대상자는 총 35명의 정신병환자로 남자 22명, 여자 13명이었다. 동일한 낮병원 환자들에게 집단정신치료와 싸이코 드라마를 각각 시행한 후, 13가지 치료요인 척도를 사용하여 집단정신치료의 구성원, 싸이코드라마의 주인공, 싸이코드라마의 관객에 작용하는 치료요인의 순위를 각각 조사하였다. 이 세 집단을 모두 상위기능 집단과 하위기능집단으로 나누어 치료요인을 비교하였다. 상위와 하위기능집단은 낮 병동에서의 생활, 치료 프로그램에 참여하였을 때의 태도, 치료자와 면담하였을 때의 모습을 기준으로 하여 낮병원 치료팀 모임에서 치료자들의 합의에 의해 결정하였다. 각각의 치료 요인은 평균점수를 산출하여 치료 요인의 순위를 매겼으며, 이 순위에 의해 집단정신치료, 싸이코드라마의 주인공, 싸이코드라마의 관객에 작용하는 치료요인의 특징을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 본 연구에서 나타난 치료요인에 대한 특정적인 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 싸이코드라마에서 주인공은 기능수준에 관계없이 모두 “카타르시스”와 “일차 가족 집단의 교정적 감정 경험”을 매우 중시하였다. 2) 싸이코드라마에서 주인공은 상위기능집단의 경우 “치료자의 조언”을 하위기능집단의 경우 “구성원의 조언”을 중시하였다. 3) 싸이코드라마에서 관객은 기능수준에 관계없이 모두 “치료자와의 동일시” 와 “구성원과의 동일시”를 매우 중시하였으며, 또한 보편성을 중시하였다. 4) 상위기능집단의 경우 집단정신치료 싸이코드라마의 관객 및 주인공에서 “대인관계학습”을 중시하였으며, 특히 집단정신치료에서 “대인관계학습”을 매우 중시하였다. 5) 하위기능집단에서 싸이코드라마의 주인공과 집단정신치료에서 모두 “사회화 기술의 발달”을 중시하였다. 결 론 : 본 연구의 결과를 종합하여 다음과 같이 제안할 수 있다. 먼저 집단정신치료나 싸이코드라마를 환자에게 시행할 때 치료자가 치료요인을 고려하여 치료를 진행하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 생각된다. 다음으로 집단정신치료와 싸이코드라마는 모두 동일하게 중요한 치료법으로 실제 임상에서 널리 이용하는 바람직한 것으로 생각된다. 마지막으로 집단정신치료와 싸이코드라마의 기법을 서로 혼합하여 사용한다면 매우 효과적인 치료법이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Objective : This study was performed to investigate the therapeutic factors of group psychotherapy and psychodrama which were applied to psychotic patients, and to compare the therapeutic characteristics of two therapies. Methods : The subjects of this study were patients of a day hospital from September 1996 to May 1997. The subjects were composed of 35 psychotic patients(22 males, 13 females). Both of group psychotherapy and psychodrama were done to the patients of the day hospital. After these therapeutic factors were checked by the members of group psychotherapy, the protagonists of psychodrama, and the audience of psychodrama using 13 therapeutic factors scale. All three groups divided into higher functioning group and lower functioning group by mutual consent of the therapists in the treatment team meeting according to the patient's life of the day hospital, the attitude in programs, and the state during the interview with the therapist. And then therapeutic factors of higher and lower functioning group were compared. By the mean score of each therapeutic factor the rank of therapeutic factors was decided. By these ranks we compared the important therapeutic factors on the members of group psychotherapy, the protagonists, and the audience. Results : The results were as follows : 1) The protagonists of psychodrama set a very high value on “catharsis” and “the corrective recapitulation of the primary family group”, regardless of their functional level. 2) The protagonists with a higher function set a higher value on “guidance of therapists”, while those who had a lower function set a higher value on “guidance of members”. 3) The audience of psychodrama set a very high value on “identification with therapists”, “identification with members”, and set a high value on “universality”. 4) The higher functioning group of the group psychotherapy, the audience, and the protagonists set a high value on “interpersonal learning”, especially the patients of group psychotherapy set a very high value on “interpersonal learning”. 5) The lower functioning group of the protagonists and the group psychotherapy set a high value on “development of socializing techniques”. Conclusion : From the results of this study, we can draw some suggestions. First, if therapists take the above-mentioned therapeutic factors into consideration during the sessions of group psychotherapy or psychodrama, they can obtain more effective therapeutic outcome. Second, it is desirable that both group psychotherapy and psychodrama should be used more extensively as important methods of treatment in clinical settings. Third, the combination group psychotherapy and psychodrama would be more effective than the separate application of each therapy.

Comparisons of Accuracy and Stability Tests among the Methods Determining Hypocentral Parameters : VELEST, HYPOSAT, hypoDD, and GA-MHYPO

In-Kyeong Hahm,Woohan Kim,Dong-Hoon Sheen,Dong Hoon Lim 대한지질학회 2008 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.

Determination of hypocentral parameters of local earthquakes using weighting factor based on take-off angle

In Kyeong Hahm,김우한,이정모,Jeong Soo Jeon 한국지질과학협의회 2007 Geosciences Journal Vol.11 No.1

This paper introduces an improved method of deter-mining hypocentral parameters of local earthquakes by applyinga weighting factor based on take-off angle at a source. The hypo-central parameters determined by the existing methods containerors if the true velocity structure is not used, and they are notidentical depending on the velocity models used. Variation in thetraveltime caused by a focal depth may indicate the degree of focaltion wil decrease rapidly as the epicentral distance increases. Thetake-off angle at the source is related to the epicentral distance.Therefore, a weighting factor representing the degree of focal depthinformation could be described in terms of the take-off angle at thesource. The accuracy of hypocentral parameters, especially thefocal depth and the origin time, is improved by applying the take-off angle as the weighting factor and two-point ray tracing to theexisting methods. Synthetic traveltime data both with noise andwithout noise are generated using the two-point ray tracing tech-nique with a model in which velocity structure and hypocentralparameters are known. The effect of the weighting factor is exam-ined by comparing the estimated hypocentral parameters with thetrue, known values. The computational results show that the focaldepth and the origin time estimated by the improved method(MHYPO) in this work are more accurate than those estimated byother existing methods.

Determination of Local Earthquake Hypocentral Parameters : GA-MHYPO for Ill-posed Problems

In Kyeong Hahm,Jung Hyun Park,Woohan Kim,Jung Mo Lee 대한지질학회 2006 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.

Roles of the factors affecting one-dimensional traveltime inversion

함인경(In Kyeong Hahm),김우한(Woo Han Kim),신진수(Jin Su Shin) 대한지질학회 2005 지질학회지 Vol.41 No.4

Detailed one-dimensional seismic velocity profiles beneath the Himalayan collision zone: evidence for a double Moho?

김우한,Charlotte A. Rowe,In-Kyeong Hahm 한국지질과학협의회 2012 Geosciences Journal Vol.16 No.1

Seismicity in the Himalaya indicates that relatively deep earthquakes (focal depth 40~100 km) occur in specific regions beneath the High Himalaya and Nepal. This study focuses on these specific regions to estimate the detailed velocity structure of the lower crust and upper mantle. We selected 202 earthquakes from the Himalaya Nepal Tibet Seismic Experiment (HIMNT) and relocated these earthquakes accurately by applying a genetic algorithm locator, GA-MHYPO (Kim et al., 2006). The detailed one-dimensional P-velocity structure is estimated based on travel-time inversion using hypocentral parameters determined by GA-MHYPO. Computational results show two velocity anomalies exhibiting upper-mantle velocities at depth of about 4550 and 60 km, respectively, beneath the High Himalayan region, whereas a single Moho exists at about 55 km depth beneath Nepal. To validate the stability of these results, a bootstrapping method was used for the inversion.

보령 서남서 해역에서 발생한 연속지진의 특성 분석

함인경(In-Kyeong Hahm),박은희(Eun Hee Park),박순천(Sun-Cheon Park),김영화(Young-Hwa Kim) 대한지질학회 2013 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.10

Determining hypocentral parameters for local earthquakes in 1-D using a genetic algorithm

Kim, Woohan,Hahm, In-Kyeong,Jin Ahn, Sung,Hoon Lim, Dong Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006 Geophysical journal international Vol.166 No.2

<P>SUMMARY</P><P>This paper introduces a powerful method for determining hypocentral parameters for local earthquakes in 1-D using a genetic algorithm (GA) and two-point ray tracing. Using existing algorithms to determine hypocentral parameters is difficult, because these parameters can vary based on initial velocity models. We developed a new method to solve this problem by applying a GA to an existing algorithm, HYPO-71. The original HYPO-71 algorithm was modified by applying two-point ray tracing and a weighting factor with respect to the takeoff angle at the source to reduce errors from the ray path and hypocentre depth. Artificial data, without error, were generated by computer using two-point ray tracing in a true model, in which velocity structure and hypocentral parameters were known. The accuracy of the calculated results was easily determined by comparing calculated and actual values. We examined the accuracy of this method for several cases by changing the true and modelled layer numbers and thicknesses. The computational results show that this method determines nearly exact hypocentral parameters without depending on initial velocity models. Furthermore, accurate and nearly unique hypocentral parameters were obtained, although the number of modelled layers and thicknesses differed from those in the true model. Therefore, this method can be a useful tool for determining hypocentral parameters in regions where reliable local velocity values are unknown. This method also provides the basic a priori information for 3-D studies.</P>

Effects about Number of Events, their Sources Distributions, and number of layers in Model to Travel time Inversion using Hypocentral Parameters Determined by GA-MHYPO

Woohan Kim,In-Kyeong Hahm,Jung Mo Lee 대한지질학회 2008 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.

P파 분극특성을 이용한 시추공 지진계의 방위각 보정

한아림(Arim Han),함인경(In-Kyeong Hahm) 대한지질학회 2016 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.10