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Abdul Murad, Nor Azian,Razak, Zuraini Abdul,Hussain, Rosniza Muhammmad,Syed Hussain, Sharifah Noor Akmal,Ching Huat, Clarence Ko,Siti Aishah, Che Md. Ali,Abdullah, Norlia,Muhammad, Rohaizak,Ibrahim, N Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3
Background: HER-2/neu is a proto-oncogene that encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase growth factor which is crucial for stimulating growth and cellular motility. Overexpression of HER-2/neu is observed in 10-35% of human breast cancers and is associated with pathogenesis, prognosis as well as response to therapy. Given the imperative role of HER-2/neu overexpression in breast cancer, it is important to determine the magnitude of amplification which may facilitate a better prognosis as well as personalized therapy in affected patients. In this study, we determined HER-2/neu protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) concurrently with HER-2/neu DNA amplification by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). Materials and Methods: A total of 53 paired tissue samples from breast cancer patients were frozen-sectioned to characterize the tumour and normal tissues. Only tissues with 80% tumour cells were used in this study. For confirmation, Q-PCR was used to determine the HER-2/neu DNA amplification. Results: We found 20/53 (37.7%) of the tumour tissues to be positive for HER-2/neu protein overexpression using IHC. Out of these twenty, only 9/53 (17%) cases were in agreement with the Q-PCR results. The concordance rate between IHC and Q-PCR was 79.3%. Approximately 20.7% of positive IHC cases showed no HER-2/neu gene amplification using Q-PCR. Conclusion: In conclusion, IHC can be used as an initial screening method for detection of the HER-2/neu protein overexpression. Techniques such as Q-PCR should be employed to verify the IHC results for uncertain cases as well as determination of HER-2/neu gene amplification.
Utilization of Oil Palm Decanter Cake for Cellulase and Polyoses Production
Mohamad Nafis Abdul Razak,Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim,Phang Lai Yee,Mohd Ali Hassan,Suraini Abd-Aziz 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.3
The abundance of oil palm decanter cake (OPDC) is a problem in oil palm mills. However, this lignocellulosic biomass can be utilized for cellulase and polyoses production. The effectiveness of chemical and physical pretreatment in reducing the lignin content was studied by saccharification using a Celluclast 1.5 L and scanning electron microscope. Physicochemical pretreatment of OPDC with 1% (w/v) NaOH and autoclaving at 121oC for 20 min increased potential polyoses produced to 52.5%and removed 28.7% of the lignin content. The optimized conditions for cellulase production by a locally isolated fungus were a time of 120 h, a substrate of untreated OPDC,a spore concentration of 1 × 107 spore/mL, a temperature of 30oC, and a pH between 7.0 and 7.5. Trichoderma asperellum UPM1 produced carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase),β-glucosidase and filter paper activity (FPase) in the following concentrations: 17.35, 0.53, and 0.28 U/mL,respectively. Aspergillus fumigatus UPM2 produced the CMCase, β-glucosidase and FPase in the following amounts: 10.93, 0.76, and 0.24 U/mL. The cellulases from T. asperellum UPM1 produced 2.33 g/L of polyoses and the cellulases from A. fumigatus UPM2 produced 4.37 g/L of polyoses.
Transdermal Delivery of Crocin Using Bacterial Nanocellulose Membrane
Mustapha Abba,Zaharah Ibrahim,Chun Shiong Chong,Nurliyana Ahmad Zawawi,Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir,Abdul Halim Mohd Yusof,SAIFUL IZWAN ABD RAZAK 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.10
This work reports the inclusion of crocin (an active agent of saffron) into bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membranefor transdermal drug delivery. The BNC showed good uptake of the crocin based on the swelling studies and vibrationalpeaks of the FTIR spectra. Surface morphology of the crocin loaded BNC showed that the fibrous nano feature was still intactwith no fiber damages. The crocin release via direct dissolution showed typical burst release. Franz diffusion test revealedstable and prolong drug permeation. Partition coefficient of the BNC-crocin via mice epidermal skin diffusion was found tobe 2.44×10-4 cm-2 min-1 with the average mass flux of 0.53 cm-2 min-1. This facile method of utilizing BNC for the carrier ofcrocin can be useful for administrating other water soluble active compound. Thus BNC opens up choices for the delivery ofcrocin for medicinal purposes.
Ghasemi, Khaled,Rezvani, Ali Reza,Razak, Ibrahim Abdul,Moghimi, Abolghasem,Ghasemi, Fatemeh,Rosli, Mohd Mustaqim Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.10
The synthesis, X-ray crystallography, spectroscopic (IR, UV-vis), and electrochemical properties of the title compound, $[H_3O][Cr(dipic)_2][H_3O^+.Cl^-]$ (1), ($H_2dipic$ = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid), are reported. This complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group Cc with a = 14.9006(10) ${\AA}$, b = 12.2114(8) ${\AA}$, c = 8.6337(6) ${\AA}$, ${\alpha}=90.00^{\circ}$, ${\beta}=92.7460(10)^{\circ}$, ${\gamma}=90.00^{\circ}$, and V = 1569.16(18) ${\AA}^3$ with Z = 4. The hydrogen bonding and noncovalent interactions play roles in the stabilization of the structure. In order to gain a better understanding of the most important geometrical parameters in the structure of the complex, atoms in molecules (AIM) method at B3LYP/6-31G level of theory has been employed.
Khaled Ghasemi,Ali Reza Rezvani,Ibrahim Abdul Razak,Abolghasem Moghimi,Fatemeh Ghasemi,Mohd Mustaqim Rosli 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.10
The synthesis, X-ray crystallography, spectroscopic (IR, UV-vis), and electrochemical properties of the title compound, [H3O][Cr(dipic)2] [H3O+.Cl−] (1), (H2dipic = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid), are reported. This complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group Cc with a = 14.9006(10) Å, b = 12.2114(8) Å, c = 8.6337(6) Å, α = 90.00°, β = 92.7460(10)°, γ = 90.00°, and V = 1569.16(18) Å3 with Z = 4. The hydrogen bonding and noncovalent interactions play roles in the stabilization of the structure. In order to gain a better understanding of the most important geometrical parameters in the structure of the complex, atoms in molecules (AIM) method at B3LYP/6-31G level of theory has been employed.