소수 나눗셈의 몫과 나머지에 대한 논점과 개선 방안

이화영 ( Lee¸ Hwayoung ) 한국수학교육학회 2021 初等 數學敎育 Vol.24 No.2

본 연구는 소수 나눗셈에서의 ‘몫’과 ‘나머지’ 용어 사용의 문제점을 인식하고 이를 개선하기 위한 방안을 탐색하였다. 지금까지의 선행 연구와 현행 교과서를 분석한 결과, ‘몫’, ‘나머지’ 용어 사용에 대해 연구자마다 상이한 견해를 주장한 근원에 나눗셈 알고리즘에서의 q, r값과 계산 결과의 해석에 따른 결과 값과 남는 양을 동일하게 보는 데에 원인이 있음을 밝히고, 소수 나눗셈의 ‘몫’과 ‘나머지’ 취급에 대한 일관된 관점과 교과서 개선 방안을 제안하였다. 즉, 나눗셈 알고리즘 b=α×q+r에 의한 소수 나눗셈의 결과인 q, r을 ‘몫’, ‘나머지’로 보고, 문제 맥락에 따라 q와 같거나 작은 양을 최종적인 ‘결과 값’으로, 결과 값을 취하고 난 잔여량을 ‘남는 양’으로 지칭할 것을 제안하였다. 또한, 몫을 반올림하여 나타낸 근삿값을 ‘몫’으로 지칭하지 않을 것을 제안하였다. In this study I recognized the problems with the use of the terms 'quotient' and 'reminder' in the division of decimal and explored ways to improve them. The prior studies and current textbooks critically analyzed because each researcher has different views on the use of the terms 'quotient' and 'reminder' because of the same view of the values in the division calculation. As a result of this study, I proposed to view the result 'q' and 'r' of division of decimals by division algorithms b=α×q+r as 'quotient' and 'reminder', and the amount equal to or smaller to q the problem context as a final 'result value' and the residual value as ‘remained value’. It was also proposed that the approximate value represented by rounding the quotient should not be referred to as 'quotient'.

Effects of drawing process on the structure and tensile properties of textile-grade PAN fiber and its carbon fiber

Lee, Hwayoung,Lee, Lo-Woon,Lee, Seung-Wook,Joh, Han-Ik,Jo, Seong-Mu,Lee, Sungho Walter de Gruyter GmbH 2014 E-Polymers Vol.14 No.3

<B>Abstract</B><P>Carbon fibers (CFs) were prepared using low-cost, textile-grade polyacrylonitrile fibers, which were 200% to 400% drawn in a hot water bath at 90°C or/and in a tubular furnace at 180°C. X-ray diffractograms confirmed that the drawing process led to higher crystallinity and molecular orientation. These fibers were stabilized in a convection oven at 25-255°C for 390 min. After stabilization, carbonization was performed to obtain carbon fibers. The tensile strength of CFs without drawing was ∼0.8 GPa; however, CFs with 200% and 200% drawing in a hot water bath at 90°C and in a tubular furnace at 180°C, respectively, showed a tensile strength of ∼1.7 GPa. These results suggest that the drawing process of precursor fibers affected the tensile properties of the resulting CFs significantly.</P>

Effects of tianeptine on symptoms of fibromyalgia via BDNF signaling in a fibromyalgia animal model

Hwayoung Lee,Jiyun Im,Hansol Won,Wooyoung Nam,Young Ock Kim,Sang Won Lee,Sanghyun Lee,Ik-Hyun Cho,Hyung-Ki Kim,Jun-Tack Kwon,Hak-Jae Kim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.1

Previous reports have suggested that physical and psychological stresses may trigger fibromyalgia (FM). Stress is an important risk factor in the development of depression and memory impairments. Antidepressants have been used to prevent stress-induced abnormal pain sensation. Among various antidepressants, tianeptine has been reported to be able to prevent neurodegeneration due to chronic stress and reverse decreases in hippocampal volume. To assess the possible effect of tianeptine on FM symptoms, we constructed a FM animal model induced by restraint stress with intermittent cold stress. All mice underwent nociceptive assays using electronic von Frey anesthesiometer and Hargreaves equipment. To assess the relationship between tianeptine and expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed. In behavioral analysis, nociception tests showed that pain threshold was significantly decreased in the FM group compared to that in the control group. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus showed downregulation of BDNF and p-CREB proteins in the FM group compared to the control group. However, tianeptine recovered these changes in behavioral tests and protein level. Therefore, this FM animal model might be useful for investigating mechanisms linking BDNF-CREB pathway and pain. Our results suggest that tianeptine might potentially have therapeutic efficacy for FM.

PER2 is downregulated by the LPS-induced inflammatory response in synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis and is implicated in disease susceptibility

Lee, Hwayoung,Nah, Seong-Su,Chang, Sung-Hae,Kim, Hyung-Ki,Kwon, Jun-Tack,Lee, Sanghyun,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Lee, Sang Won,Kim, Young Ock,Hong, Seung-Jae,Kim, Hak-Jae SPANDIDOS PUBLICATIONS 2017 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS Vol. No.

<P>The clinical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) present with circadian variation, with joint stiffness and pain more prominent in the early morning. The mammalian clock genes, which include circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1, period and cryptochrome, regulate circadian rhythms. In order to identify the association between genetic polymorphisms in the circadian clock gene period 2 (PER2) and RA, the present study genotyped three PER2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs934945, rs6754875, and rs2304674, using genetic information from 256 RA patients and 499 control subjects. Primary cultured rheumatoid synovial cells were stimulated with 10 mu M lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Total protein was then extracted from the synovial cells following 12 and 24 h, and PER2 protein expression was assayed by immunoblotting. The rs2304674 SNP demonstrated a significant association with susceptibility to RA following Bonferroni correction. However, statistical analysis indicated that the SNPs were not associated with any clinical features of patients with RA. Immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that PER2 protein expression was decreased by LPS-induced inflammation in RA synovial cells; however, this was not observed in normal synovial cells. The results suggest that the PER2 gene may be a risk factor for RA, and expression of the PER2 protein may be affected by inflammation. Therefore, PER2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.</P>

Effects of tianeptine on symptoms of fibromyalgia via BDNF signaling in a fibromyalgia animal model

Lee, Hwayoung,Im, Jiyun,Won, Hansol,Nam, Wooyoung,Kim, Young Ock,Lee, Sang Won,Lee, Sanghyun,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Kim, Hyung-Ki,Kwon, Jun-Tack,Kim, Hak-Jae The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2017 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.21 No.4

Previous reports have suggested that physical and psychological stresses may trigger fibromyalgia (FM). Stress is an important risk factor in the development of depression and memory impairments. Antidepressants have been used to prevent stress-induced abnormal pain sensation. Among various antidepressants, tianeptine has been reported to be able to prevent neurodegeneration due to chronic stress and reverse decreases in hippocampal volume. To assess the possible effect of tianeptine on FM symptoms, we constructed a FM animal model induced by restraint stress with intermittent cold stress. All mice underwent nociceptive assays using electronic von Frey anesthesiometer and Hargreaves equipment. To assess the relationship between tianeptine and expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed. In behavioral analysis, nociception tests showed that pain threshold was significantly decreased in the FM group compared to that in the control group. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus showed downregulation of BDNF and p-CREB proteins in the FM group compared to the control group. However, tianeptine recovered these changes in behavioral tests and protein level. Therefore, this FM animal model might be useful for investigating mechanisms linking BDNF-CREB pathway and pain. Our results suggest that tianeptine might potentially have therapeutic efficacy for FM.

Vinyl-Stilbene Inhibits Human Norovirus RNA Replication by Activating Heat-Shock Factor-1

( Ahrim Lee ),( Jieun Sung ),( Dipesh S. Harmalkar ),( Hyeseul Kang ),( Hwayoung Lee ),( Kyeong Lee ),( Choongho Lee ) 한국응용약물학회 2022 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.30 No.1

Norovirus (NV) is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis, with the potential to develop into a fatal disease in those who are immuno-compromised, and effective vaccines and treatments are still non-existent. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the previously identified NV replication inhibitor utilizing a vinyl-stilbene backbone, AC-1858. First, we confirmed the inhibition of the NV RNA replication by a structural analog of AC-1858, AC-2288 with its exclusive cytoplasmic subcellular localization. We further validated the induction of one specific host factor, the phosphorylated form of heat shock factor (HSF)-1, and its increased nuclear localization by AC-1858 treatment. Finally, we verified the positive and negative impact of the siRNA-mediated downregulation and lentivirus-mediated overexpression of HSF-1 on NV RNA replication. In conclusion, these data suggest the restrictive role of the host factor HSF-1 in overall viral RNA genome replication during the NV life cycle.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Deguelin-Based Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) Inhibitors Targeting Proliferation and Angiogenesis

Chang, Dong-Jo,An, Hongchan,Kim, Kyoung-suk,Kim, Hyun Ho,Jung, Jinkyung,Lee, Jung Min,Kim, Nam-Jung,Han, Young Taek,Yun, Hwayoung,Lee, Sujin,Lee, Geumwoo,Lee, Seungbeom,Lee, Ju Sung,Cha, Jong-Ho,Park, American Chemical Society 2012 Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.55 No.24

<P>Deguelin exhibits potent apoptotic and antiangiogenic activities in a variety of transformed cells and cancer cells. Deguelin also exhibits potent tumor suppressive effects in xenograft tumor models for many human cancers. Our initial studies confirmed that deguelin disrupts ATP binding to HSP90 and consequently induces destabilization of its client proteins such as HIF-1α. Interestingly, a fluorescence probe assay revealed that deguelin and its analogues do not compete with ATP binding to the N-terminus of HSP90, unlike most HSP90 inhibitors. To determine the key parts of deguelin that contribute to its potent HSP90 inhibition, as well as its antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities, we have established a structure–activity relationship (SAR) of deguelin. In the course of these studies, we identified a series of novel and potent HSP90 inhibitors. In particular, analogues <B>54</B> and <B>69</B>, the B- and C-ring-truncated compounds, exhibited excellent antiproliferative activities with IC<SUB>50</SUB> of 140 and 490 nM in the H1299 cell line, respectively, and antiangiogenic activities in zebrafish embryos in a dose dependent manner (0.25–1.25 μM).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jmcmar/2012/jmcmar.2012.55.issue-24/jm301488q/production/images/medium/jm-2012-01488q_0019.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm301488q'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

CD4+/CD8+ Ratio and Growth Differentiation Factor 8 Levels in Peripheral Blood of Large Canine Males Are Useful Parameters to Build an Age Prediction Model

Lee Han-Jun,Hong Seok-Jin,Kim Seung-Soo,Kwon Young-Yon,Choi Bong-Hwan,Choi Kyung-Mi,Choi Kyung-Mi,Lee Myung-Jin,Hwang Sun-Young,Park Kyoungwan,Joo Younghun,Song Hwayoung,Lee Cheol-Koo 대한남성과학회 2022 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.40 No.2

Purpose:Purpose: To build an age prediction model, we measured CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and humoral components in canine periph-eral blood. Materials and Methods:Materials and Methods: Large Belgian Malinois (BGM) and German Shepherd Dog (GSD) breeds (n=27), aged from 1 to 12 years, were used for this study. Peripheral bloods were obtained by venepuncture, then plasma and peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated immediately. Six myokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-15, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8), and GDF11 were measured from plasma and CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocytes ratio were measured from PBMC. These parameters were then tested with age prediction models to find the best fit model. Results:Results: we found that the T-lymphocyte ratio (CD4+/CD8+) was significantly correlated with age (r=0.46, p=0.016). Among the six myokines, only GDF8 showed a significant correlation with age (r=0.52, p=0.005). Interestingly, these two markers showed better correlations in male dogs than females, and BGM breed than GSD. Using these two age biomarkers, we could obtain the best fit in a quadratic linear mixed model (r=0.77, p=3×10-6). Conclusions:Conclusions: Age prediction is a challenging task because of complication with biological age. Our quadratic linear mixed model using CD4+/CD8+ ratio and GDF8 level showed a meaningful age prediction.

Influence of clozapine on neurodevelopmental protein expression and behavioral patterns in animal model of psychiatric disorder induced by low-level of lead

Hwayoung Lee,Minyoung Lee,Hyung-Ki Kim,Young Ock Kim,Jun-Tack Kwon,Hak-Jae Kim 대한약리학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.23 No.6

Exposure to lead during pregnancy is a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders in the offspring. In this study, we investigated whether exposure to low levels of lead acetate (0.2%) in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation causes behavioral impairment and affects the expression of proteins associated with neurodevelopment. Lead exposure altered several parameters in rat offspring compared with those unexposed in open-field, social interaction, and pre-pulse inhibition tests. These parameters were restored to normal levels after clozapine treatment. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of the hippocampus revealed that several neurodevelopmental proteins were downregulated in lead-exposed rats. The expression was normalized after clozapine treatment (5 mg/kg/day, postnatal day 35–56). These findings demonstrate that downregulation of several proteins in leadexposed rats affected subsequent behavioral changes. Our results suggest that lead exposure in early life may induce psychiatric disorders and treatment with antipsychotics such as clozapine may reduce their incidence.

BBOX1 is down-regulated in maternal immune-activated mice and implicated in genetic susceptibility to human schizophrenia

Lee, Hwayoung,Kim, Hyung-Ki,Kwon, Jun-Tack,Park, Shohyun,Park, Hae Jeong,Kim, Su Kang,Park, Jin Kyung,Kang, Won Sub,Kim, Young Jong,Chung, Joo-Ho,Kim, Jong Woo,Kim, Hak-Jae Elsevier 2018 Psychiatry Research Vol.259 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Prenatal exposure to infectious or inflammatory insults can increase the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder, autism, and schizophrenia in later life. Gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX 1) is an enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of l-carnitine, a key molecule in fatty acid metabolism. This cytosolic dimeric protein belongs to the dioxygenase family. In this study, we investigated whether BBOX 1 expression was related to psychiatric disorder in an animal model. We also conducted a case–control study using 284 schizophrenia patients and 409 controls with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5′-near region of BBOX 1. BBOX 1 expression was increased in the medial frontal cortex of a mouse model of schizophrenia induced by maternal immune activation. Furthermore, the genotype and allele frequencies of two SNPs (rs7939644 and rs10767592) were significantly associated with schizophrenia susceptibility. Our results suggest that BBOX 1 might be associated with maternal immune activation and schizophrenia susceptibility. Therefore, it might be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Bbox 1 protein was downregulated in the medial prefrontal cortex in a poly I:C-induced model of schizophrenia. </LI> <LI> Two SNPs of BBOX 1 were associated with human schizophrenia susceptibility. </LI> <LI> Significant pre-pulse facilitation was detected in the poly I:C-induced model. </LI> </UL> </P>