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이정우,강공언,김희강,김정규 조선대학교 환경연구소 1993 環境公害硏究 Vol.10 No.-
To analyze the factor which affects acidity of rainwater in Seoul metropolitan areas, the precipitation data was collected for twelve months, from January 1991 to December 1991. The annual average of pH in Seoul is 5.4, while the levels in the vicinity of Seoul range from pH 5.7 to 6.3. The frequency of samples of which pH exceed 5.6 represents 74% in Seoul, and in surrounding cities are in the range of 10% to 40%. The total soluble ionic contents of rainwater are shown in the following order. SO_(4)^(2-) > Ca^(2+)> NH_(4)^(+) > C1^(-) > Na^(+) > NO_(3)^(-) > Mg^(2+) > K^(+) > H^(+). The portion of SO_(4)^(2-), NO_(3)^(-), and C1^(-) among total anions represents 65%. 14%, and 21%, respectively. From this result, it is shown that SO_(4)^(2-) has the highest contribution to the total acidity. The correlation coefficient between ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide and pH of rainwater shows -0.66, while the coefficient between ambient concentration of nitrogen dioxide and pH is 0.35. It is indicated that pH of rainwater primarily depends on ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide. The correlation coefficient between ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide and the used amount of coal briquet is 0.85, and it is concluded that rain acidity is very affected by the use amount of briquet.
京畿道의 植物相 : 태화산, 화야산, 대부도, 칠현산, 철마산, 검단산
崔道烈,張珍成,金正猷,全正壹,金輝,閔雄基,姜佑昌 서울대학교 수목원 2001 서울大學校 樹木園 硏究報告 Vol.- No.21
This study was conducted in order to explore general flora of the Gyounggi-do Province and to clarify the distribution of some specificated taxa of the Korea. Daebu-do Island, Mt. Taewha, Mt. Hwaya, Mt. Gumdan, Mt. Chilhyun and Mt. Chulma among eighth grade-area of the Degree of Green Naturality (DGN) within the boundary of the Gyounggi-do Province were visited to investigate local flora. The number of identified vascular plant species were as follow; Mt. Hwaya: 120 species (99 genera of 67 families), Mt. Teawha: 132 species (103 genera of 56 families), Daebu-do Island: 124 species (103 genera of 50 families), Mt. Chulma: 129 species (99 genera of 67 families), Mt. Gumdan: 121 species (96 genera of 52 families), Mt. Chilyun: 90 species (74 genera of 42 families). The endemic Clematis brachyura Maxim. was found to distribute Daeby-do. It seemed that plantation was occupying large area in forest of the Gyounggi-do Province. Forty two specificated taxa were identified and 3 taxa, 10 taxa, 5 taxa, and 24 taxa were sorted into forth grade, third grade, second grade, and first grade respectively. Mt. Taewha showed the highest record (16 taxa) in the number of specificated taxa, Mt. Hwaya was the next with 13 taxa. Mt, Chulma (12 taxa), Mt. Gumdan (11 taxa), Daebu-do Island (7 taxi), and Mt, Chylma (4 taxi) followed. Mt. Taewa and Mt. Whaya were found to be relatively higher in the score calculated front the specificated taxa distribution, while Daebu-do Island and Mt. Chilyun were lower, that difference was probably due in part to consequences of severe disturbance of human activities. With respect to the consequences of severe disturbance of human activities. With respect to the geographical proximity to the Gangwon Province, Mt. Hwaya showed higher similarity of the species composition to that of the Mt. Jumbong.
( Jung Hun Kang ),( Sung Yong Oh ),( Seo Young Song ),( Hui Young Lee ),( Jung Han Kim ),( Kyoung Eun Lee ),( Hye Ran Lee ),( In Gyu Hwang ),( Se Hoon Park ),( Won Seok Kim ),( Young Suk Park ),( Keun 대한내과학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.30 No.1
Background/Aims: Little is known about the efficacy of low-dose transdermal fentanyl (TDF) patches in opioid-naive patients with moderate-to-severe cancer pain. Methods: This study had an open-label, prospective design, and was conducted between April 2007 and February 2009 in seven tertiary cancer hospitals; 98 patients were enrolled. TDF was started using a low-dose formulation (12.5 μg/ hr), and the dose was adjusted according to the clinical situation of individual patients. Pain intensity, the TDF doses used, and adverse events (AEs) were monitored over 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using the intent-to-treat and per-protocol principles. Results: Of the 98 patients enrolled, 64 (65%) completed the study. The median pain intensity decreased from 6.0 to 3.0 (p < 0.001) at the follow-up visit. The efficacy of low-dose TDF on pain relief was consistent across groups separated according to gender (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), metastasis (p < 0.001), previous treatment (p < 0.001), and baseline pain intensity (p < 0.001). The decrease in pain intensity was significantly greater in the severe group compared with the moderate group (mean ± SD, 5.10 ± 2.48 vs. 2.48 ± 1.56; p < 0.001). TDF dose (27.8 μg/ hr vs. 24.8 μg/hr, p = 0.423) and the mean treatment time (7.5 days vs. 7.9 days, p = 0.740) required for pain control were not different between the two pain-intensity groups. Patients had AEs of only mild or moderate intensity; among these, nausea (38%) was the most common, followed by vomiting (22%) and somnolence (22%). Conclusions: Low-dose TDF was an effective treatment for patients with cancer pain of moderate-to-severe intensity. Further randomized trials assessing the ef- ficacy of TDF for severe pain and/or optimal starting doses are warranted.
Survival and Prognosis of Patients with Pilocytic Astrocytoma: A Single-Center Study
( Jae Hui Park ),( Nani Jung ),( Seok Jin Kang ),( Heung Sik Kim ),( El Kim ),( Hee Jung Lee ),( Hye Ra Jung ),( Misun Choe ),( Ye Jee Shim ) 대한뇌종양학회·대한신경종양학회·대한소아뇌종양학회 2019 Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Vol.7 No.2
Background Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a brain tumor that is relatively more common in children and young adults. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with PA treated at a single center between 1988 and 2018. Results We included 31 subjects with PA. The median age at diagnosis was 13.4 years, and the median follow-up duration was 9.9 years. The total PA group had a 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate of 92.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 82.6-100] and 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of 52.8% (95% CI, 32.0-73.6). In patients aged <20 years, tumors were more likely to be located in sites in which gross total tumor resection (GTR) was impossible. No statistically significant difference in 10-year DSS was found between the GTR (100%) and non-GTR (89.7%; 95% CI, 76.2-100; p=0.374) groups. However, a statistically significant difference in 10-year PFS was found between the GTR (100%) and non-GTR groups (30.7%; 95% CI, 8.6-52.8; p=0.012). In the non-GTR group, no statistically significant difference in 10-year DSS was found between the patients who received immediate additional chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (Add-Tx group, 92.9%; 95% CI, 79.4-100) and the non-Add-Tx group (83.3%; 95% CI, 53.5-100; p=0.577). No statistically significant difference in 10- year PFS was found between the Add-Tx group (28.9%; 95% CI, 1.7-56.1) and non-Add-Tx group (33.3%; 95% CI, 0-70.9; p=0.706). Conclusion The PFS of the patients with PA in our study depended only on the degree of surgical excision associated with tumor location. This study is limited by its small number of patients and retrospective nature. A multicenter and prospective study is necessary to confirm these findings.