Testing the Impact of Financial Investment on Supply Chain Performance through Security Practices in the Korean Trade Sector: Focused on the Air Transport Industry

Hong Gyue Park 한국무역학회 2014 Journal of Korea trade Vol.18 No.2

This article examines the effect of financial investment on the performance of import and export supply chains through security practices in the Korean trade sector. Specifically, three components are identified as related to security practices using air transportation: relationship management, information technology, and security dedicated education. Using a sample of 201 professionals in the air transport sector, a structural model is outlined and empirically tested. The results show that financial investment positively affected relationship management, information technology, and education. They also had positive impacts on the performance of import and export supply chains. Financial investment had a positive impact because the positive indirect impact outweighed the direct insignificant impact. In general, our findings suggest that in the Korean trade sector utilizing air transportation, investment in security has a positive impact on the performance of import and export supply chains through relationship management, information technology, and education on security in the supply chain.

Impact of Security Related Financial Investment on Port Performance through Relationship Management

Hong Gyue Park(박홍규) 한국물류학회 2016 물류학회지 Vol.26 No.5

본 연구는 항만의 보안에 대한 재정투자가 공급사슬상의 기업들과의 파트너십과 관계를 통해 전체적으로 항만성과에 어떠한 영향이 있는지를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 물류보안과 관련한 제도와 관심이 커지고 있는 지금 이와 관련한 재정투자에 대한 영향을 분석한 연구는 많지 않은데 이와 관련해서 427개의 샘플을 분석하여 나온 결과를 바탕으로 항만과 항만이용자들의 인식의 차이를 중심으로 분석을 시도하였다. 분석결과, 보안과 관련한 재정투자가 효과성과 효율성을 중심으로 하는 항만성과에 긍정적인 영향이 있었으며 항만과 항만이용자들은 파트너십과 관련한 활동들 또한 항만성과에 긍정적인 영향을 준다고 분석되었다. 하지만 항만이용자그룹은 항만그룹과는 달리 보안과 관련한 재정투자가 항만성과에 부정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나와서 이들 간의 인식상의 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이 둘을 모두 합한 전체효과를 통해서는 항만성과가 보안에 관한 재정투자에 긍정적인 영향을 준 것으로 나왔기 때문에 장기적으로 보았을 때 보안관련한 재정투자는 항만성과에 긍정적인 영향이 있으며 이를 위한 공급사슬상의 파트너십이 중요한 역할을 한다고 분석되었다. 항만의 고객을 더 유치하고 이용자들에게 보안과 관련한 이해도를 높이고 마케팅효과를 극대화하기 위해서 국내항만들은 보안에 대한 교육이나 공급사슬상에서 이행되는 보안 프로그램과의 연계 및 활동들을 숙지하고 이를 위한 활동들에 더욱 집중해야할 것이다. This paper examines the effect of financial investment on port performance through relationship management in Korea. Based on using a sample of 427 professionals in the Korean ports and port users, a structural model is developed and empirically examined using Structural Equation Modelling. This study empirically examines a conceptual model developed by literature review in the field of maritime transport. There are four variables in total, and in-depth analysis of the inter-relationships among variables are identified. The results clearly showed that financial investment had positive impacts on the performance of ports through relationship management in Korea. However, in order to provide better services to the port users, it is required for ports to have sufficient financial resources, implement security programs, and build security related partnerships with port users in the supply chain. It will eventually lead to a higher level of performance of ports as a security dedicated organization.

Seafarer market structure analysis of Korean merchant shipping in COVID-19

Park Yong An,Yip Tsz Leung,허성례,Park Hong Gyue 한국해운물류학회 2023 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.39 No.3

COVID-19 pandemic clearly demonstrates that seafarers are essential for sustaining world shipping services and global supply chain. Understanding the characteristics of supply and demand in seafarer market will be a solution for the bottleneck issues of seafarer change and shipping services. This paper explores the supply and demand of seafarer market in Korea and evaluates the effects of COVID-19 on both supply and demand sides of Korean seafarers by adopting regression models with panel data for the supply and time series data for the demand. First, this paper finds that the effects of COVID-19 are negative in the demand of Korean seafarer market even with the wider increase of tonnage of the Korean flagged ships in 2020. The demand shock seems to be resulted by the traveling restriction and stricter immigration measures to travellers after the announcement of COVID-19 pandemic. Second, supply in the regression models of panel data is affected negatively after declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic may trigger the hesitation of seafaring due to the travelling restriction and bottlenecks from seafarer changes onboard. Besides these findings, the correlation coefficients between the number of Korean seafarers of merchant ships and merchant fleet illustrate a diverse relationship between the two. The expansion of Korean oceangoing fleet is accompanied by the decrease of Korean seafarers on the Korean flag. The employment of foreign seafarers since 1992 has resulted in the continual decrease of ratings employment in the Korean flagged ships. The inflow of foreign deck officers in the Korean flagged ships after 2005 could lessen the officer deficiency caused by high separation rate of Korean deck officers. This inflow implies that seafarer market in a country not only affects global seafarer market in the world through the changes of seafarer supply and demand in the country, but is affected by the global market. The dual markets of Korean seafarers in ocean-going and coastal shipping present the following phenomena: severe aging of seafarers in coastal shipping and wider difference in welfare level of seafarers between the two. Further research on wage and career advancement of Korean seafarers would widen and deepen our understanding on seafarer market both for Korea and the rest of the world.

Examining the Impact of AEO certification on Performance through Public and Private Partnership and Trade Facilitation

Hong Gyue Park 한국관세학회 2015 한국관세학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.12

북한의 국가이미지 개선을 위한 남북한 MICE 공동개최 방안에 관한 연구

박홍규(Hong-Gyue Park),윤기관(Ki-Kwan Yoon) 한국무역연구원 2019 무역연구 Vol.15 No.1

In order to achieve the peaceful unification between North and South Koreas, it is vital to minimize the economic gap between the two countries. Expecially for North Korea, it is a must for the country to enhance the national competitiveness and image of the country in the international markets. South Korea also has to fully cooperate in order to upgrade the overall strengths and image of North Korea and minimize the possible costs for unification. This paper has proposed a plan for co-hosting the MICE event in Pyongyang and Gaesung in order to enhance the national image of North Korea. Specifically, it suggested that trade exhibition fair can be held in Gaesung, and convention event in Pyongyang. Various ideas are suggested considering the following possible international events at Pyongyang in 2019 by Kyoungju international cultural exposition.

무역원활화를 위한 보세공장 과세의 개선방안에 관한 연구

박홍규(Hong-Gyue Park),신민호(Min-Ho Shin) 한국관세학회 2014 관세학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Bonded factory policy is a very important export-supporting public scheme for Korea in promoting trade and commerce, considering Korea has been doing further processing or manufacturing export items mainly with raw materials imported abroad since it has very little national resources. In terms of trade facilitation, there is a problem that current policy of imposing duty includes added values produced in domestic bonded factories. Furthermore there are problems in terms of incurring costs in current duty assessment system for bonded factories in that not only are domestic products and services included in the duty, but also application period for imposing customs duties on raw materials imported into a bonded factory is limited to the time before the point of declaration in right of use. In response to this, this paper was designed to provide legal and administrative policies to resolve this issue.

우즈베키스탄 나보이공항의 항공물류거점전략

박홍규(Hong Gyue Park),박영재(Young Jae Park) 한국국제상학회 2015 國際商學 Vol.30 No.4

본 연구에서는 유라시아 이니셔티브라는 새로운 아젠다를 통해서 우즈베키스탄의 나보이 공항의 전략적 활용방안을 모색하였다. 유럽과 아시아를 연결하고 경제발전과 한반도의 평화를 이끌어내기 위해서는 교통과 물류의 원활한 연결이 필수적이다. 이를 위해서 많은 자원을 보유하고 있고 접근성이 좋은 우즈베키스탄의 나보이공항을 전략적인 물류거점으로 삼아 발달시킬 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 선행연구가 많지 않은 점을 고려하여 정성적이고 규범적인 방법론을 사용하여 진행되었다. 우선, 나보이 공항을 항공화물의 거점으로 활용함과 동시에 우즈베키스탄의 국내 운송망 및 지역내 물류망을 연결하여 복합물류거점으로 발달시키고, 육상과 항공을 연계하는 네트워크를 구축하여 인근 지역의 화물을 유치할 수 있어야 할 것이다. 또한, 나보이공항의 항공화물 물량 부족 극복 및 적극적인 시장접근을 위한 정부간 협정등을 통하여 다양한 비즈니스 모델을 개발해야 하며 통관과정의 비효율성을 제거해야 할 것이다. 이를 통하여 상업기능, 비즈니스센터, 주거기능 및 기타 생산거점까지 끌어들여 자유로운 비즈니스 활동을 활성화하여 나보이공항을 유라시아 이니셔티브의 핵심거점으로 개발, 발전시켜나가야 할 것이다. Purpose : The purpose of this paper is to suggest strategies for the development of Navoi airport in Uzbekistan. Based on the Eurasian Initiatives, it is timely and vital to develop an air cargo hub in the region that connects Asia and Europe. Research design, data, methodology : Considering the dearth of research in the area of logistical activities in Central Asia, this paper utilized idea based qualitative approach. Results : In the Uzbekistan, as a landlocked country, Navoi airport must be utilized as a geographical logistics hub of Central Asia with well developed air and multimodal transport networks. Also, it is vital to link those with road and railway transport systems with countries nearby in order to attract more cargoes to the area. Moreover, various types of business models should be established based on governmental air transport agreements that enable airlines to get easy access to the market. Simplified customs procedure should be followed in the trading activities with inter-government support, and hinterland of the airport should be developed as a logistics cluster combines various types of industries that can liberalize the business activities around the airport. Conclusions : This paper suggested several strategies for the development of Navoi airport based on the development of Eurasian Initiatives with a few tasks to be addressed in the future.

우리나라 자유무역협정 원산지검증 사례에 대한 연구

박홍규(Hong-Gyue Park) 한국관세학회 2014 관세학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Considering the global trend towards bilateral agreements such as FTAs, the country of origin for export and import products has become one of the biggest issues for trade and commerce after 2000s. The purpose of this study is to provide policy recommendations on the rules of origin in Free Trade Agreement based on the recent cases of disputes and verification. Government must coordinate the national tariff rates with the FTA preferential tariff systems, set the limits for the level of indirect verification systems for imported products, and provide a faster, safer, and easier way of verification process for FTA. Private companies are suggested to utilize the advance ruling policy for rules of origin decision process based on HS code. Finally, educational institutions are suggested to pay more attention to educating and attracting students to the field of FTAs and rules of origin.

전자통관시스템 위탁운영을 위한 만족도조사와 국제물류전략 수립에 관한 연구

박홍규(Park, Hong-Gyue),김영춘(Kim Young Chun) 한국물류학회 2017 물류학회지 Vol.27 No.5

관세청은 국제물류 전자통관시스템(UNI-PASS) 위탁운영의 서비스 수준에 대한 고객만족도조사를 2002년부터 실시해오고 있다. 본 연구는 전자통관시스템위탁운영을 위한 고객만족도조사를 통하여 전자통관시스템 위탁운영 서비스 모델을 도출하고자 하였다. 조사방법의 개선방안은 조사의 효과성을 검증하는 방안, 고객간 의견차이를 분석하는 방안, 전자설문조사를 실시하는 방안들이 제시되었다. 조사모형의 개선방안은 종합만족도의 가중치 비율을 조정하는 방안, 요소만족도의 가중치 계산방법을 바꾸는 방안, 전체만족도의 고객별 가중치를 바꾸는 방안들이 제시되었다. 조사 분석의 개선방안은 중요도와 만족도를 비교하는 방안, 개선활동의 방향을 제시하는 방안, 요소만족도의 영향계수를 분석하는 방안, 포트폴리오의 요소별 전략을 추적분석하는 방안, 만족도의 변화를 분석할 조사체계를 변경하는 방안들이 제시되었다. Since 2002, KCS(Korea Customs Service) has conducted a customer satisfaction survey on the service level of the consignment operation of the international logistic electronic clearance system (UNI-PASS) of the Korean government. In this study, researchers analyzed the actual condition of UNI-PASS consignment service customer satisfaction survey, and found out several problems of survey method, survey model, survey analysis and improvement plan. Possible measures to improve the survey tools were suggested to verify the effectiveness of the survey, analyze the difference of opinions between customers, and implement the electronic questionnaire. In order to improve the survey model, it was suggested that first, weighting ratio of total satisfaction should be adjusted, second, the calculation method of weighting factor satisfaction should be changed, and third, the weighting factor of total satisfaction should be modified. The analysis method of the survey analysis is to compare the importance and satisfaction criteria, suggest the directions of the improvement activities, analyze the influence coefficient of element satisfaction, follow the strategy of the element of the portfolio, and analyze the change of satisfaction. Policy recommendations have also been added to change and improve the survey system and tools.

FTA 원산지인증수출자제도의 운영상 제기된 쟁점사례연구

박홍규(Hong-Gyue Park) 한국관세학회 2015 관세학회지 Vol.16 No.3

The preferential tariffs were not widely utilized because of the cost related to issuance of origin certification. Korea Customs Service is trying to make FTA more popular by adopting several policies including approved exporters policy. It is crucial to complement necessary measures to make the economy grows. Thus, this study is designed to provide some policy recommendations on FTA by analyzing several disputes cases. There are definitely problems in practice despite some progress after four years since its first adoption in 2010. First, it was suggested that by establishing the Registered Exporters system with the EU countries, it can be possible to make the global certification develop. Second, the delivery note can be flexibly used as commercial invoices. Third, administrative flexibility should be allowed in Harmonized System categorization. Finally, the certificate signed by an agent should be accepted as the original.