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Gait Analysis in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Hirosuke Nishimura,Kenji Endo,Hidekazu Suzuki,Hidetoshi Tanaka,Takaaki Shishido,Kengo Yamamoto 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.3
Study Design: Gait analysis of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) by using a sheet-type gait analysis system. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the gait patterns of patients with CSM, evaluated by the Nurick grades, and to determine the threshold values of gait parameters predicting the occurrence of a fall by using a gait recorder. Overview of Literature: Gait disorder due to CSM may progress to severe paraplegia, following even a minor trauma such as a fall. The indications for the surgery of CSM without severe paralysis remain controversial. The quantitative gait analysis and the decision for decompressive surgery in patients with CSM are important in order to prevent severe paraplegia from a fall. Methods: One hundred thirty-two subjects (normal, 34; CSM, 98) underwent gait analysis by using a sensor sheet. Measurements of gait cycle parameters included the step and stride length, step width, foot angle, swing phase, and stance phase. CSM was assessed by Nurick grade. Results: Although the clinical symptoms were lacking, Nurick grade 1 had significant abnormalities in the parameters of velocity, step length, and step angle (p <0.05). Regarding the Nurick grade and walking phase, the length of the stance phase was increased to more than 70% of the entire walking cycle in Nurick grade 4. Conclusions: Gait analysis was an objective tool for evaluating the gait stability. Our results suggested that when the percentage of the stance phase in the gait cycle increases to above 70%, the CSM patients have an increased fall risk.
Mirza Hasanuzzaman,Hirosuke Oku,Kamrun Nahar,M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan,Jubayer Al Mahmud,Frantisek Baluska,Masayuki Fujita 한국식물생명공학회 2018 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.12 No.2
Nitric oxide (NO), a non-charged, small, gaseous free-radical, is a signaling molecule in all plant cells. Several studies have proposed multifarious physiological roles for NO, from seed germination to plant maturation and senescence. Nitric oxide is thought to act as an antioxidant, quenching ROS during oxidative stress and reducing lipid peroxidation. NO also mediates photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and regulates programmed cell death, thus providing tolerance to abiotic stress. In mitochondria, NO participates in the electron transport pathway. Nitric oxide synthase and nitrate reductase are the key enzymes involved in NO-biosynthesis in aerobic plants, but non-enzymatic pathways have been reported as well. Nitric oxide can interact with a broad range of molecules, leading to the modification of protein activity, GSH biosynthesis, S-nitrosylation, peroxynitrite formation, proline accumulation, etc., to sustain stress tolerance. In addition to these interactions, NO interacts with fatty acids to form nitro-fatty acids as signals for antioxidant defense. Polyamines and NO interact positively to increase polyamine content and activity. A large number of genes are reprogrammed by NO; among these genes, proline metabolism genes are upregulated. Exogenous NO application is also shown to be involved in salinity tolerance and/ or resistance via growth promotion, reversing oxidative damage and maintaining ion homeostasis. This review highlights NO-mediated salinity-stress tolerance in plants, including NO biosynthesis, regulation, and signaling. Nitric oxide-mediated ROS metabolism, antioxidant defense, and gene expression and the interactions of NO with other bioactive molecules are also discussed. We conclude the review with a discussion of unsolved issues and suggestions for future research.
Calcar Femorale in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Hip Secondary to Developmental Dysplasia
Tomonori Tetsunaga,Kazuo Fujiwara,Hirosuke Endo,Tomoko Tetsunaga,Naofumi Shiota,Toru Sato,Toshifumi Ozaki 대한정형외과학회 2017 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.9 No.4
Background: We investigated whether the calcar femorale, a cortical septum in the region of the lesser trochanter of the femur, correlates with results of femoral stem implantation in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip secondary to developmental dysplasia using computed tomography. Methods: This retrospective study included 277 hips (41 males and 236 females; age, 37 to 92 years) of patients who had presented to Okayama Medical Center with hip pain. Of these, a total of 219 hips (31 males and 188 females) had previously undergone total hip arthroplasty. According to the Crowe classification, 147 hips were classified as Crowe grade I, 72 hips as Crowe grade II– IV, and 58 hips as normal. Results: The calcar femorale was identified in 267 hips (96.4%). The calcar femorale was significantly shorter and more anteverted in Crowe grade II–IV hips than in Crowe grade I or normal hips. Significant differences in the shape of the calcar femorale were found according to the severity of hip deformity. Three stem designs were analyzed: single-wedge (59 hips), double-wedge metaphyseal filling (147 hips), and modular (13 hips). Single-wedge stems were inserted more parallel to the calcar femorale rather than femoral neck anteversion, while other types of stems scraped the calcar femorale. Conclusions: The angle of the calcar femorale differs according to the severity of hip deformity, and the calcar femorale might thus serve as a more useful reference for stem insertion than femoral neck anteversion in total hip arthroplasty using a singlewedge stem.
Characteristics of Sagittal Spino-Pelvic Alignment in Japanese Young Adults
Kenji Endo,Hidekazu Suzuki,Hirosuke Nishimura,Hidetoshi Tanaka,Takaaki Shishido,Kengo Yamamoto 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.5
Study Design: Radiological analysis of normal patterns of sagittal alignment of the spine. Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of normal sagittal spino-pelvic alignment in Asian people. Overview of Literature: It is known that there are differences in these parameters based on age, gender, and race. In order to properly plan for surgical correction of the spine for Asian patients, it is necessary to understand the normal spino-pelvic alignment parameters for this population. Methods: This study analyzed 86 Japanese healthy young adult volunteers (48 men and 38 women; age 35.9±11.1 (mean±standard deviation [SD]). The following parameters were measured on lateral standing radiographs of the entire spine: sagittal vertical axis (SVA), horizontal distance between the C7 plumb line and the posterior superior corner of the superior margin of S1, thoracic kyphotic angle (TK), lumbar lordotic angle (LLA), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), and pelvic incidence (PI). Results: The values (mean±SD) of SVA, TK, LLA, SS, PT, and PI were 8.45±25.7 mm, 27.5±9.6°, 43.4±14.6°, 34.6±7.8°, 13.2±8.2°, and 46.7±8.9°, respectively. The Japanese young adults evaluated in this study tended to have a smaller PI, LLA, TK, and SVA than most Caucasian people. Regarding gender differences, SVA was significantly longer and TK was significantly smaller in men; however, there was no statistically significant difference in LLA, SS, PA, and PI. Conclusions: Japanese young adults apparently have smaller PI and LLA values than Caucasian people. When making decisions for optimal sagittal spinal alignment, racial differences should be considered.
Role of Shear Band in Texture Control of Al-Mg Alloys
Koizumi, Makoto,Inagaki, Hirosuke 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1999 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.5 No.6
Shear bands formed in Al-Mg alloys during cold rolling are nucleated on grain boundaries. Their mechanism of formation is different from that already proposed in the case of single crystals of the same alloy. Since recrystallized grains of non-cube orientations are nucleated on these shear bands during annealing, the development of cube recrystallization texture can be strongly suppressed by enhancing shear banding during cold rolling. Control of shear band thus provides a new fundamental technological tool to improve drawability of A1 alloy sheets. In a microscopic scale, deformation in grain boundary regions also plays here a very important role, as in the case of the formation of {111}$lt;uvw$gt; recrystallization textures in low carbon steel sheets.
Department of Neurosurgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Kenji Endo,Hidekazu Suzuki,Hirosuke Nishimura,Hidetoshi Tanaka,Takaaki Shishido,Kengo Yamamoto 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.6
Study Design: Normal cervical sagittal length patterns were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of sagittal length patterns between the cervical cord and the cervical canal in flexion-extension kinematics. Overview of Literature: Cervical dynamic factors sometimes cause a cervical spondylotic myelopathy in elderly subjects and an overstretching myelopathy in juvenile subjects. Previous studies showed the length changing of the cervical cord in flexion and extension. However, there is no detailed literature about the relationship between cervical vertebral motion and cord distortion yet. Methods: Sixty-two normal subjects (28 male and 34 female, 42.1±8.5 years old) without neck motion disturbances and abnormalities on cervical X-ray and MRI were enrolled in this study. Results: The cervical cord length was significantly longer in flexion and significantly shorter in extension in all cervical cord sagittal lines. The cervical canal length pattern was also the same as the cervical cord. The elongation of the cervical cord and canal was the largest at the site of the posterior cervical canal and the shortest at the anterior canal site. The positions of the cerebellar tonsils were verified at each neck position. Conclusions: The posterior elements of the cervical canal were most affected by neck motion. Movement directions of the upper cervical cord were verified among the various neck positions.