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Effect of thin LiF layers in multi-layered PVCz polymer LEDs
Hiroki Yoshihara,Yousuke Tanaka,Suiko Tanaka,Masahiko Kitagawa,Hiroyuki Kusano,Hiroshi Kobayashi 한국물리학회 2005 Current Applied Physics Vol.5 No.1
We have investigated in detail the dependence of the electroluminescent characteristics on the thin LiF layer inserted under theelectrode layer of multi-layered PVCz polymer light emitting diode (PLED). Clear dependency has been obtained and reduction inthe operating voltage, improvement in luminance and the luminous and current eciencies have been realized with the optimizationof the thickness. The eect of thin LiF layer has been analyzed by using the current voltage dependence at low voltage regions andthe current is supposed to be carried considered LiF layer by tunnel injection between the PVCz layer and the electrode layer
Frequency Analysis of intracellular signal transduction systems
Hiroki Ishiyama,Takashi Nakakuki,Chiharu Ishii,Mitsuo Kobayashi 제어로봇시스템학회 2010 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10
In this paper, we propose two analysis methods for a complicated and huge biological system. As a practical biological system, we employ a newly published signal transduction system with transcriptional control. For such a system, only few analysis tools such as parameter sensitivity analysis are available. First, we extend the concept of Bode diagram, including the effect of changes of both amplitude are frequency of input signal on output response. Next, we introduce the calculation of the L2-induced gain. Although it is difficult to find the nominal gain theoretically, we show that the distribution of the gain over various amplitudes and frequencies of input signal provides us some useful information in a biological system.
Hiroki Ushirozako,Go Yoshida,Sho Kobayashi,Tomohiko Hasegawa,Yu Yamato,Tatsuya Yasuda,Tomohiro Banno,Hideyuki Arima,Shin Oe,Yuki Mihara,Daisuke Togawa,Yukihiro Matsuyama 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.4
Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: We aimed to determine the utility of transcranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) monitoring for the detection of intraoperative nerve root injury. Overview of Literature: Intraoperative neuromonitoring is important for the prediction of neurological injuries or postoperative paralysis. Nerve root injury can develop as a complication of adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Methods: We analyzed 295 patients who underwent ASD surgery using multi-channel TcMEP monitoring between 2010 and 2016 (58 men, 237 women; median age, 68 years; follow-up period ≥1 year). We defined the alarm point as a TcMEP amplitude <30% of that at baseline, and nerve root injury as meeting the focal TcMEP alerts shortly following surgical procedures with the presence of postoperative motor deficits in the selected muscles. Patients were classified into two groups, as those with nerve root injury and those with true-negatives. Results: Seven patients (2.4%) exhibited neurological events related to nerve root injury, comprising six true-positive and one falsenegative cases. TcMEP monitoring from multiple myotomes was effective in detecting nerve root injury. Compared to the 248 truenegative cases, the seven cases of nerve root injury were associated with significantly different preoperative pelvic tilt (PT) values, sacral slope values, and degree of change in PT. The cutoff for the degree of change in PT for predicting nerve root injury, with the best sensitivity and specificity, was 17.5°. Multivariate logistic analyses revealed that a change of >17.5° in PT (odds ratio, 17.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.994–153.560; p =0.010) was independently associated with intraoperative nerve root injury. Conclusions: Multi-channel TcMEP monitoring may be useful for detecting nerve root injuries. A change in PT of >17.5° may be a significant risk factor for neurological events related to intraoperative nerve root injury.
Kubota, Hiroki,Taguchi, Kazumi,Kobayashi, Daichi,Naruyama, Hiromichi,Hirose, Masahito,Fukuta, Katsuhiro,Kubota, Yasue,Yasui, Takahiro,Yamada, Yasuyuki,Kohri, Kenjiro Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12
Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO), an occasional complication in patients with advanced urological cancer, causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting leading to suffering which severely impairs quality of life (QOL). Drug therapy, especially octreotide, a synthetic analog of somatostatin, is reportedly effective in controlling the symptoms of MBO. In the present study, we administered octreotide to urological cancer patients with MBO and evaluated the improvement of subjective symptoms, oral intake, and nasogastric intubation. Fourteen terminally ill urological cancer patients suffering with MBO were included (age range 55-92, 10 male, 4 female). Octreotide was administered at $300{\mu}g/day$ to those patients subcutaneously as a continuous injection. Significant improvements in subjective symptoms were observed in thirteen patients (92.8%), and ten patients (71.4%) were able to resume oral intake. Four patients required nasogastric drainage before the administration of octreotide, but nasogastric intubation was discontinued in all these cases after the use of octreotide. Early initiation of octreotide resulted in better improvement of MBO symptoms, and no adverse event was observed in any of the patients. These results revealed that $300{\mu}g/day$ dose of octreotide is safe and effective for managing gastrointestinal symptoms of terminally ill urological cancer patients with MBO. We also recommend starting the treatment with ocreotide as soon as MBO is diagnosed.
Takei, Hiroki,Yamamoto, Kiyofumi,Bae, Yong-Chul,Shirakawa, Tetsuo,Kobayashi, Masayuki Frontiers Media S.A. 2017 Frontiers in neural circuits Vol.11 No.-
<P>Histamine H<SUB>3</SUB> receptors are autoreceptors that regulate histamine release from histaminergic neuronal terminals. The cerebral cortex, including the insular cortex (IC), expresses abundant H<SUB>3</SUB> receptors; however, the functions and mechanisms of H<SUB>3</SUB> receptors remain unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the functional roles of H<SUB>3</SUB> in synaptic transmission in layer V of the rat IC. Unitary excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (uEPSCs and uIPSCs) were obtained through paired whole-cell patch-clamp recording in cerebrocortical slice preparations. The H<SUB>3</SUB> receptor agonist, R-α-methylhistamine (RAMH), reduced the uEPSC amplitude obtained from pyramidal cell to pyramidal cell or GABAergic interneuron connections. Similarly, RAMH reduced the uIPSC amplitude in GABAergic interneuron to pyramidal cell connections. RAMH-induced decreases in both the uEPSC and uIPSC amplitudes were accompanied by increases in the failure rate and paired-pulse ratio. JNJ 5207852 dihydrochloride or thioperamide, H<SUB>3</SUB> receptor antagonists, inhibited RAMH-induced suppression of uEPSCs and uIPSCs. Unexpectedly, thioperamide alone increased the uIPSC amplitude, suggesting that thioperamide was likely to act as an inverse agonist. Miniature EPSC or IPSC recordings support the hypothesis that the activation of H<SUB>3</SUB> receptors suppresses the release of glutamate and GABA from presynaptic terminals. The colocalization of H<SUB>3</SUB> receptors and glutamate decarboxylase or vesicular glutamate transport protein 1 in presynaptic axon terminals was confirmed through double pre-embedding microscopy, using a combination of pre-embedding immunogold and immunoperoxidase techniques. The suppressive regulation of H<SUB>3</SUB> heteroreceptors on synaptic transmission might mediate the regulation of sensory information processes, such as gustation and visceral sensation, in the IC.</P>
( Taku Kobayashi ),( Tadakazu Hisamatsu ),( Yasuo Suzuki ),( Haruhiko Ogata ),( Akira Andoh ),( Toshimitsu Araki ),( Ryota Hokari ),( Hideki Iijima ),( Hiroki Ikeuchi ),( Yoh Ishiguro ),( Shingo Kato 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.2
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, with increasing prevalence worldwide. IBD Ahead is an international educational program that aims to explore questions commonly raised by clinicians about various areas of IBD care and to consolidate available published evidence and expert opinion into a consensus for the optimization of IBD management. Given differences in the epidemiology, clinical and genetic characteristics, management, and prognosis of IBD between patients in Japan and the rest of the world, this statement was formulated as the result of literature reviews and discussions among Japanese experts as part of the IBD Ahead program to consolidate statements of factors for disease prognosis in IBD. Evidence levels were assigned to summary statements in the following categories: disease progression in CD and UC; surgery, hospitalization, intestinal failure, and permanent stoma in CD; acute severe UC; colectomy in UC; and colorectal carcinoma and dysplasia in IBD. The goal is that this statement can aid in the optimization of the treatment strategy for Japanese patients with IBD and help identify high-risk patients that require early intervention, to provide a better long-term prognosis in these patients. (Intest Res 2018;16:168-177)
Hiromichi Kobayashi,Hiroki Shionoya,Yoshihiro Okuno 한국전산유체공학회 2010 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.11
Large-eddy simulation (LES) of the turbulent duct flows in the liquid metal magnethydrodynamic (MHD) power generatror is examined to reveal the behavior of the MHDI flows and the turbulent structures. The non-uniform magnetic flux density in the streamwise direction produces two eddy currents. The eddy current causes the wall-jet flows with M-shaped mean streamwise velocity profiles in the direction parallel to the external magnetic field. In contrast, the Hartmann flows with the flattened velocity profiles by the Lorentz force are produced in the direction perpendicular to the external magnetic field. In the case of the strong magnetic flux density, the turbulence structure similar to the Karman vortex sheets emerge in the downstream duct. The coherent structure model, one of the subgrid-scale models, well represents the relaminarization by the Lorentz force in comparison with the Smagorinsky model with the Van Driests wall function.
Motion Analysis of Mother's Embracing and Rocking a Baby and Development of Excitation Apparatus
Kohei Yamaguchi,Hiroki Kobayashi,Yoshihumi Morita,Yuki Sakaida,Ryojun Ikeura,Kiyoko Yokoyama 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
Recently, the people who are under a lot of stress have increased. Too much stress may cause various physical and/or mental disorders. The final aim of our project is to develop a relaxation machine for reducing stress by using rocking vibration. As rocking vibration, motion of a mother"s embracing and rocking of a baby is adopted. In this paper, we analyze the motion of the mother"s embracing and rocking of a baby using a 3D motion capture system, and design and manufacture an excitation apparatus simulating the mother"s motions. It is found from the experimental analysis that there are two types of the mother"s motions. The both motions consist of linear motion and rotational motion. The excitation apparatus has two degrees-of freedom for linear and rotational motions.