Electrochemical Degradation Mechanism of Transparent Conductive Indium Tin Oxide Film in HCl Solution

Hina Farooq,Jae-Yeon Kim,Jai-Won Byeon 한국신뢰성학회 2019 신뢰성응용연구 Vol.19 No.2

Purpose: In order to offer a better understanding of the root causes of the electrochemical corrosion failure of indium tin oxide (ITO), the degradation mechanism was investigated with specific attention to changes in chemical composition and the crystalline phase, and then correlated with electrical resistance and optical transparency of the ITO film. Methods: An electrochemical polarization test was carried out in 1M HCl solution. For the interrupted specimens after specific corrosion times, various analytical characterizations were performed including scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electrical resistance, and optical transmittance. Results: The polarization curve was divided into four distinct stages based on the varying electrochemical behaviors and the resulting changes in morphology/phase evolution were investigated. ITO film was corroded by breaking of In-O bonds followed by reduction of In3+ and Sn2+ ions. The reaction terminated with the formation of In-Cl particles as byproducts of corrosion. Electrical conductivity decreased abruptly with the dissolution of ITO film, and 5–10% variation in optical transparency of the ITO film was also recorded in response to the electrochemical activity. Conclusion: Based on the chemical composition and phase analysis for the interrupted specimens at specific stages, the electrochemical corrosion mechanism was proposed, and this material degradation mechanism was correlated with that of the electrical resistance and optical conductivity, respectively.

Electrochemical Corrosion Failure of ITO-Coated PET Film for Display Application

Hina Farooq,Hye-young Kim,Jai-Won Byeon 한국신뢰성학회 2017 신뢰성응용연구 Vol.17 No.1

Purpose: The electrochemical corrosion behavior of tin oxide film coated on PET substrates has been studied under varying concentrations of acrylic acid to investigate possible corrosion in contact with the acidic environment. Method: Potentiodynamic test was performed for a commercial ITO/PET film in 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 M of acrylic acid. The surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results: Potentiodynamic test results showed an increase in Icorr and decrease in Ecorr value with increasing concentration of acid. Microscopic evaluation suggested the presence of certain deep cracks on the surface of the film in addition with a severe acidic attack. Conclusion: Exposure of ITO to acrylic acid resulted in the stress corrosion cracking of ITO film due to the mechanical mismatch between brittle inorganic ITO fim and a compliant organic PET substrate leading to the subsequent failure of the film.

Improved CycleGAN for underwater ship engine audio translation

Hina Ashraf,정윤상,이종현 한국음향학회 2020 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.39 No.4

Machine learning algorithms have made immense contributions in various fields including sonar and radar applications. Recently developed Cycle-Consistency Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN), a variant of GAN has been successfully used for unpaired image-to-image translation. We present a modified CycleGAN for translation of underwater ship engine sounds with high perceptual quality. The proposed network is composed of an improved generator model trained to translate underwater audio from one vessel type to other, an improved discriminator to identify the data as real or fake and a modified cycle-consistency loss function. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the proposed CycleGAN are performed on publicly available underwater dataset ShipsEar by evaluating and comparing Mel-cepstral distortion, pitch contour matching, nearest neighbor comparison and mean opinion score with existing algorithms. The analysis results of the proposed network demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed network.

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the Era of Precision Oncology: How Imaging Is Helpful

Hina J. Shah,Abhishek R. Keraliya,Jyothi P. Jagannathan,Sree Harsha Tirumani,Vikram R. Lele,Pamela J. DiPiro 대한영상의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.18 No.1

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histological subtype of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. As treatments continues to evolve, so do imaging strategies, and positron emission tomography (PET) has emerged as the most important imaging tool to guide oncologists in the diagnosis, staging, response assessment, relapse/recurrence detection,and therapeutic decision making of DLBCL. Other imaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and conventional radiography are also used in the evaluation of lymphoma. MRI is useful for nervous system and musculoskeletal system involvement and is emerging as a radiation free alternative to PET/CT. This article provides a comprehensive review of both the functional and morphological imaging modalities, available in the management of DLBCL.

A Framework for Automated Object Oriented Analysis of Natural Language Software Specifications

Hina Afreen,Imran Sarwar Bajwa 보안공학연구지원센터 2012 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.6 No.2

SUNDAY TRADING IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM: SUNDAY IS THE NEW SATURDAY!

Hina Khan 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

This study advances the literature by addressing the issues surrounding Sunday trading and provides in-depth insights into family-run small and medium size businesses (SMEs), employees and consumers attitudes and perception towards Sunday Trading. The results of semi-structured interviews found immense support for extending Sunday Trading hours and highlighted the socio-economic change. The arguments against Sunday Trading were found to be redundant. Sunday is the second busiest shopping day of the week. Lack of experienced Sunday workforce was found to be a major concern. Non-resident parents and parents with small children were amongst the supporters for reforming Sunday Trading act. Sunday is the new Saturday. The findings justify recent trends towards the creation of more pleasurable shopping environments that offer family activities to entice the customers into stores. Finally, more efforts should be made to understand and cater for the needs of the shoppers who believe reforming the Sunday Trading law is a necessity of today’s modern Britain. The findings demonstrate that Sunday Trading offers different benefits to consumers, employees and SMEs. The findings provide important implications for policy makers and practitioners.

Diverse imaging characteristics of a mandibular intraosseous vascular lesion

Hina Handa,Giridhar S. Naidu,Balaji Gandhi Babu Dara,Ashwini Deshpande,Raju Raghavendra 대한영상치의학회 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.1

Intraosseous vascular lesions of the maxillofacial region are rare, and the differential diagnosis of intraosseous vascular malformations from other jaw lesions can be challenging. In the present case, magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was used for diagnosis, and the lesion was treated wih surgical excision. Diverse characteristics such as the “honeycomb” and “sunburst” radiographic appearances and the absence of major peripheral feeder vessels in the CTA were noted. Intraosseous vascular malformations have a varied radiographic appearance, and the nomenclature of these lesions is equally diverse, with several overlapping terms. Pathologists do not generally differentiate among intraosseous vascular lesions on the basis of histopathology, although these lesions may present with contrasting immunohistochemical and clinical behaviors requiring varied treatment strategies. This case report highlights the need for multiple imaging modalities to differentiate among vascular lesions, as well as to better understand the behaviors of these unique lesions.

Corrosion Inhibition of Steel for Water Pipe Line by Adding a Non-Toxic Spearmint Extracts

Hina Farooq,Jae-Yeon Kim,Do-Il Lee,Jai-Won Byeon 한국신뢰성학회 2017 신뢰성응용연구 Vol.17 No.2

Purpose: To investigate the corrosion inhibition effect of the natural spearmint oil extracted from Mentha Spicata plants on 304 stainless steel in different concentrations of hydrochloric acid. Method: The anti-corrosive effect has been investigated in 0.5m, 1m and 2m HCl using weight loss test and electrochemical polarization method as a function of inhibitor concentration and immersion time in strong chloride environment. The surface morphology was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The corrosion rate of steel decreased and inhibition efficiency increased with the increase in inhibitor concentration. Microscopic evaluation revealed significant corrosion in the specimens immersed in uninhibited conditions. Potentiodynamic polarization test results showed an increase in corrosion potential (Ecorr) and decrease in corrosion current (icorr) value with increasing concentration of inhibitor. Conclusions: Immersion of steel in higher concentration of inhibitor resulted in greater surface coverage value and hence lesser number of surface corrosion sites/pores were formed; thus lowering the corrosion rate.

Pedobacter edaphicus sp. nov. isolated from forest soil in South Korea

Singh, Hina,Du, Juan,Ngo, Hien T. T.,Won, Kyung Hwa,Kim, Ki-Young,Yi, Tae-Hoo Springer-Verlag 2015 Archives of microbiology Vol.197 No.6

<P>A Gram-negative, yellow-colored, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, motile bacterium was isolated from forest soil in Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. The strain was designated as THG-DA2.1(T). Cells of strain THG-DA2.1(T) grew optimally at pH 7.0, at temperature 28?C and in the presence of 0.5?% NaCl. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain THG-DA2.1(T) was shown to belong to the genus Pedobacter and shares highest sequence similarity with Pedobacter ginsengisoli KCTC 12576(T). The DNA G+C content was determined to be 42.3?mol?%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-DA2.1(T) were iso-C15:0 and C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c (summed feature 3*). Strain THG-DA2.1(T) contains phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipid, but an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids were also detected. On the basis of the data obtained from polyphasic taxonomy in this study, strain THG-DA2.1(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter edaphicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-DA2.1(T) (=KCTC 42232(T) =JCM 30351(T)).</P>

Lysobacter fragariae sp. nov. and Lysobacter rhizosphaerae sp. nov. isolated from rhizosphere of strawberry plant.

Singh, Hina,Du, Juan,Ngo, Hien T T,Won, KyungHwa,Yang, Jung-Eun,Kim, Ki-Young,Yi, Tae-Hoo N.V. Swets en Zeitlinger 2015 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Vol.107 No.6

<P>Two bacterial strains, designated THG-DN8.7(T) and THG-DN8.3(T), were isolated from the rhizosphere of a strawberry plant in Gyeryong Mountain, South Korea. Cells of both isolates were observed to be Gram-negative, yellow-coloured and rod-shaped. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain THG-DN8.7(T) had highest sequence similarities to Lysobacter yangpyeongensis KACC 11407(T) (97.2?%), Lysobacter niabensis KACC 11587(T) (97.0?%) and Lysobacter oryzae KCTC 22249(T) (96.9?%), while strain THG-DN8.3(T) had closely similarity with L. niabensis KACC 11587(T) (98.1?%), L. oryzae KCTC 22249(T) (97.1?%) and L. yangpyeongensis KACC 11407(T) (96.1?%). DNA-DNA relatedness values between strains THG-DN8.7(T) and THG-DN8.3(T) and their closest phylogenetically neighbours were below 30.0?%, which indicates that strains THG-DN8.7(T) and THG-DN8.3(T) represent distinct species within the genus Lysobacter. Both strains were found to contain iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C17:1 ω9c as predominant fatty acids and ubiquinone-8 as major isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strains THG-DN8.7(T) and THG-DN8.3(T) were determined to be 66.9 and 67.8?mol%, respectively. These data are consistent with the affiliation of the two new species represented by THG-DN8.7(T) and THG-DN8.3(T) to the genus Lysobacter. The names Lysobacter fragariae sp. nov. and Lysobacter rhizosphaerae sp. nov. are proposed for these species with the type strains THG-DN8.7(T) (=KCTC 42236(T)?=?JCM 30322(T)) and THG-DN8.3(T) (=KCTC 42237(T)?=?JCM 30321(T)), respectively.</P>