Loss Prediction of Vehicle Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Deep Learning

He Liange,Wu Xinyang,Nie Yuanhang,Shi Wenjun 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.2

Based on the deep learning BP neural network algorithm, we establish the electromagnetic torque and loss prediction analysis model of permanent magnet synchronous motor to provide new design ideas and methods for optimizing motor structure design. In this paper, four-rotor structure parameters which are Rib, Air Gap, Magnet Thickness and Magnet Width, motor electromagnetic torque, and motor losses of the “V” type Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor are selected as the research object. The BP neural network structure prediction model with 2 visible layers and 2 hidden layers was built by 256 groups of sample data calculated by Maxwell transient electromagnetic simulation. 226 out of 256 randomly selected data samples were used to train the prediction model, and 30 groups were used to test the accuracy and generalization ability of the prediction model. and the prediction results data were compared with the deep learning prediction model through finite element simulation data. The results show that the BP neural network small-sample data prediction model has high prediction accuracy in the loss prediction of the vehicle permanent magnet synchronous motor, and verifies the feasibility of the motor torque and loss prediction model based on the deep learning algorithm.

Research on Temperature Rise Characteristics of Vehicle Motors Under Bench Working Condition

He Liange,Shi Wenjun,Xia Xiaohua,Wu Xinyang,Chen Hongling,Yan Xin 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.6

The specifi c bench test specifi ed by the product design standard is an important basis for judging whether the vehicle motor meets the requirements. To study the temperature rise characteristics of automotive permanent magnet synchronous motors under bench test conditions. Firstly, the bench condition was taken as the target we need to study, and the fi nite element method was used to calculate the loss of each part during the bench test condition. Secondly, use this loss as the heat source for temperature fi eld calculation to simulate the temperature fi eld of the motor under bench test conditions. Finally, a bench test platform was built for testing, and the test results and simulation results were compared and analyzed. Studies have shown that in the entire process of changing conditions, the temperature of each component is not the same as the sensitivity to changes in operating conditions. The maximum relative error between simulation and experiment was 9.4%, which verifi es the eff ectiveness of this research method and process, which has certain guiding signifi cance for the design and optimization of vehicle motors.

Boiling heat transfer-based temperature rise characteristics of automotive permanent magnet synchronous motors at peak operating conditions

He Liange,Chen Hongling,Shi Wenjun 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.7

Using two-phase flow boiling heat transfer theory, the RPI subcooling boiling heat transfer model was established to study the temperature rise characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) of electric vehicles under peak operating conditions, and the effects of coolant inlet temperature, altitude and inlet flow rate on the motor temperature rise were analyzed. The results showed that: the temperature rise characteristics of the motor are closer to the test results when boiling heat transfer is considered after the motor is warmed up, so the effect of boiling heat transfer of the cooling system should be considered when studying the temperature rise characteristics of the motor; The temperature rise characteristic of the motor increases with the increase of coolant inlet temperature at peak working condition. The short time required for the motor winding to reach 150 °C indicates that the motor temperature rises quickly. In the plateau environment, the temperature growth rate of the motor at peak working conditions increases with the increase of cooling water inlet temperature, while the motor temperature decreases with the decrease of atmospheric pressure. Thus, due to the boiling heat transfer phenomenon of cooling water two-phase flow, the temperature rise characteristic of the motor at high altitude is better than that in plain area.

Numerical analysis of large stud shear connector embedded in HFRC

Yu Liang He,Chong Zhang,Li Chao Wang,Ying Yang,Yi Qiang Xiang 국제구조공학회 2021 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.80 No.5

To investigate the mechanical behavior of large stud shear connector embedded in hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC), a refined 3D nonlinear finite element (FE) model incorporating the constitutive model of HFRC was developed using ANSYS. Firstly, the test results conducted by the authors (He et al. 2017) were used to validate FE model of push out tests. Secondly, a total of 27 specimens were analyzed with various parameters including fiber volume fractions of HFRC, diameter of studs and HFRC strength. Finally, an empirical equation considering the contribution of steel fiber (SF) and polypropylene fiber (PF) was recommended to estimate the ultimate capacity of large stud shear connector embedded in HFRC.

Mechanical behavior of stud shear connectors embedded in HFRC

Yu-Liang He,Xu-Dong Wu,Yiqiang Xiang,Yu-Hang Wang,Li-Si Liu,Zhi-Hai He 국제구조공학회 2017 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.24 No.2

Hybrid-fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) may provide much higher tensile and flexural strengths, tensile ductility, and flexural toughness than normal concrete (NC). HFRC slab has outstanding advantages for use as a composite bridge potential deck slab owing to higher tensile strength, ductility and crack resistance. However, there is little information on shear connector associated with HFRC slabs. To investigate the mechanical behavior of the stud shear connectors embedded in HFRC slab, 14 push-out tests (five batches) in HFRC and NC were conducted. It was found that the stud shear connector embedded in HFRC had a better ductility, higher stiffness and a slightly larger shear bearing capacity than those in NC. The experimentally obtained ultimate resistances of the stud shear connectors were also compared against the equations provided by GB50017 2003, ACI 318-112011, AISC 2011, AASHTO LRFD 2010, PCI 2004, and EN 1994-1-1 (2004), and an empirical equation to predict the ultimate shear connector resistance considering the effect of the HFRC slabs was proposed and validated by the experimental data. Curve fitting was performed to find fitting parameters for all tested specimens and idealized load-slip models were obtained for the specimens with HFRC slabs.

Roles of Immunohistochemical Staining in Diagnosing Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Yan, Yue,Zhang, Ya-Xiong,Fang, Wen-Feng,Kang, Shi-Yang,Zhan, Jian-Hua,Chen, Nan,Hong, Shao-Dong,Liang, Wen-Hua,Tang, Yan-Na,He, Da-Cheng,Wu, Xuan,Zhang, Li Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2

Background: Differentiating morphologic features based on hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining is the most common method to classify pathological subtypes of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its accuracy and inter-observer reproducibility in pathological diagnosis of poorly differentiated NSCLC remained to be improved. Materials and Methods: We attempted to explore the role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in diagnosing pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) with poorly differentiated features by HE staining or with elevated serum adenocarcinoma-specific tumor markers (AD-TMs). We also compared the difference of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation rate between patients with confirmed SQCC and those with revised pathological subtype. Logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between different factors and diagnostic accuracy. Results: A total of 132 patients who met the eligible criteria and had adequate specimens for IHC confirmation were included. Pathological revised cases in poor differentiated subgroup, biopsy samples and high-level AD-TMs cases were more than those with high/moderate differentiation, surgical specimens and normal-level AD-TMs. Moreover, biopsy sample was a significant factor decreasing diagnostic accuracy of pathological subtype (OR, 4.037; 95% CI 1.446-11.267, p=0.008). Additionally, EGFR mutation rate was higher in patients with pathological diagnostic changes than those with confirmed SQCC (16.7% vs 4.4%, p=0.157). Conclusions: Diagnosis based on HE staining only might cause pathological misinterpretation in NSCLC patients with poor differentiation or high-level AD-TMs, especially those with biopsy samples. HE staining and IHC should be combined as pathological diagnostic standard. The occurrence of EGFR mutations in pulmonary SQCC might be overestimated.

Effects of spherical adsorbent fluidization and self-rotation on removal of VOCs in a cyclonic fluidized bed

Liang Ma,Guolin Xiang,Yuan Huang,Meng-Ya He,Jianping Li,Pengbo Fu 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.85 No.-

Afluidized bed has the advantages of treating largeflows, intensifying mass and heat transfer, andlowering costs. This study proposed a cyclonicfluidized bed packed with spherical activated carbonadsorbents for volatile organic compounds adsorption. Thefluidization and self-rotation of the ACparticles in a 25 mm cyclonicfluidized bed were studied with high-speed camera testing technology. Theeffects of the particle movement on the adsorption efficiency of toluene were also tested. The resultsshow that most of the particles at the inlet side of the cyclonicfluidized bed were moving up when theinlet airflow rate was greater than 2.0 m3/h. The particles began to move in clusters when the relativepacking height increased to a critical value of 0.57. Increasing the gasflow rate and the diameter andheight of the core column will increase the self-rotation speed of the total particles. The maximum selfrotationspeed of spherical adsorbents reached 1700 rad/s at the inletflow rate of 2.5 m3/h. In the case ofthe same axial velocity of the gas phase in the upper space of the core column, increasing the particle selfrotationspeed can slightly improve the adsorption efficiency. The maximum adsorption efficiencyreached 99% when the inletflow rate is 1.0 m3/h with relative packing height 0.65.

Three-Month Follow-Up Study of Survivors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 after Discharge

Liang Limei,Yang Bohan,Jiang Nanchuan,Fu Wei,He Xinliang,Zhou Yaya,Ma Wan-Li,Wang Xiaorong 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.47

Background: Most patients including health care workers (HCWs) survived the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), however, knowledge about the sequelae of COVID-19 after discharge remains limited. Methods: A prospectively observational 3-month follow-up study evaluated symptoms, dynamic changes of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG and IgM, lung function, and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of survivors of COVID-19 after discharge at Wuhan Union Hospital, China. Results: Seventy-six survivors (55 females) with a mean age of 41.3 ± 13.8 years were enrolled, and 65 (86%) were HCWs. A total of 69 (91%) patients had returned to their original work at 3-months after discharge. Most of the survivors had symptoms including fever, sputum production, fatigue, diarrhea, dyspnea, cough, chest tightness on exertion and palpitations in the three months after discharge. The serum troponin-I levels during the acute illness showed high correlation with the symptom of fatigue after hospital discharge (r = 0.782; P = 0.008) and lymphopenia was correlated with the symptoms of chest tightness and palpitations on exertion of patients after hospital discharge (r = −0.285, P = 0.027; r = −0.363, P = 0.004, respectively). The mean values of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, total lung capacity and diffusion capacity were all normal (> 80% predicted) and lung HRCTs returned to normal in most of the patients (82%), however, 42% of survivors had mild pulmonary function abnormalities at 3-months after discharge. SARS-CoV-2 IgG turned negative in 11% (6 of 57 patients), 8% (4 of 52 patients) and 13% (7 of 55 patients), and SARS-CoV-2 IgM turned negative in 72% (41 of 57 patients), 85% (44 of 52 patients) and 87% (48 of 55 patients) at 1-month, 2-months and 3-months after discharge, respectively. Conclusion: Infection by SARS-CoV-2 caused some mild impairments of survivors within the first three months of their discharge and the duration of SARS-CoV-2 antibody was limited, which indicates the necessity of long-term follow-up of survivors of COVID-19.

Mechanical behavior of recycled fine aggregate concrete after high temperature

Liang, Jiong-Feng,Wang, En,He, Chun-Feng,Hu, Peng Techno-Press 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.65 No.3

This paper reports mechanical behavior of recycled fine aggregate concretes after high temperatures. It is found that compressive strength of recycled fine aggregate concretes decline significantly as the temperature rises. The elastic modulus of recycled fine aggregate concretes decreases with the increase in temperature, and the decrease is much quicker than the decrease in compressive strength. The split tensile strength of recycled fine aggregate concrete decrease as the temperature rises. Through the regression analysis, the relationship of the mechanical behavior with temperature are proposed, including the compressive behavior, elastic modulus and split tensile strength, which are fitting the test data.

Effect of male inflorescence of Castanea mollissima on the reproductive development and lifetime of Bactrocera minax

He Zhangzhang,Gui Lianyou,Wang Fulian,Shi Yongfang,Liang Peng,Yang Xuan,Hua Dengke,Du Tainhua 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.4

Previous work reveals that newly emerged adult Chinese citrus flies, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), emerges from the ground in the mosaic-type citrus orchard of the hilly terrain landform dispersed into adjacent forest, and the newly emerged adult flies fed on male inflorescence of the Chinese chestnut, Castanea mollissima Blume (Fagaceae). The potential impact of male inflorescence of C. mollissima on the longevity, and survival of adult females and males, the ovarian development of adult females, and the abdominal index, ovarian index, and egg length of the fourth ovarian grade of living females, as well as the flowering process of the male inflorescence of the Chinese chestnut, were studied with the three methods of rearing (normal rearing, hungry rearing, and bagging rearing). For all three rearing treatments, the longevity of all adults could live up to 38 days, there were similar time dynamics for the average survival of female and male adult flies. Of the total females, 32.1%–100% females with bagging rearing could attain the fourth ovarian grade like those in rearing and hunger rearing. The abdominal index, ovarian index, and egg length of the fourth ovarian grade of 27–39 days’ old living females with bagging rearing (it corresponds to the late flower withering period), were 75.1%, 49.8% and 89.6% of those with normal rearing, and 73.2%, 60.6% and 90.8% of those with hungry rearing, respectively. The male inflorescence of C. mollissima can satisfy the nutritional requirements of adult B. minax, enabling their survival and normal reproduction. This study can provide references for development and application of artificial feed and food attractants of adult B. minax.