http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
A case of autoimmune enteropathy with CTLA4 haploinsufficiency
( Haruka Miyazaki ),( Namiko Hoshi ),( Michitaka Kohashi ),( Eri Tokunaga ),( Yuna Ku ),( Haruka Takenaka ),( Makoto Ooi ),( Nobuyuki Yamamoto ),( Suguru Uemura ),( Noriyuki Nishimura ),( Kazumoto Iij 대한장연구학회 2022 Intestinal Research Vol.20 No.1
Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is a rare disease, characterized by intractable diarrhea, villous atrophy of the small intestine, and the presence of circulating anti-enterocyte autoantibodies. Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome, and mutations in FOXP3, which is a master gene of regulatory T cells (Tregs), are major causes of AIE. Recent studies have demonstrated that mutations in other Treg-associated genes, such as CD25 and CTLA4, show an IPEX-like phenotype. We present the case of a 13-year-old girl with CTLA4 haploinsufficiency, suffering from recurrent immune thrombocytopenic purpura and intractable diarrhea. We detected an autoantibody to the AIE-related 75 kDa antigen (AIE-75), a hallmark of the IPEX syndrome, in her serum. She responded well to a medium dose of prednisolone and a controlled dose of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), even after the cessation of prednisolone administration. Serum levels of the soluble interleukin-2 receptor and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were useful in monitoring disease activity during 6-MP therapy. In conclusion, autoimmune-mediated mechanisms, similar to the IPEX syndrome, may be involved in the development of enteropathy in CTLA4 haploinsufficiency. Treatment with 6-MP and monitoring of disease activity using serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor and IgG is suggested for such cases. (Intest Res 2022;20:144-149)
Synchronized presentation of odor with airflow using olfactory display
Haruka Matsukura,Hitoshi Yoshida,Takamichi Nakamoto,Hiroshi Ishida 대한기계학회 2010 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.24 No.1
This paper reports on an olfactory display system that enables the synchronized presentation of odors with airflow in a virtual reality environment. In the proposed system, computational fluid dynamics simulation is conducted to calculate how an odor released from its source is spread in a given airflow field. An odor vapor with an appropriate concentration is generated and delivered to the user’s nose. A sensation that an odor is coming from a specific object is created even though the object per se is not releasing the odor. Experimental results are presented to show the potential of the proposed system.
Haruka Otake,Satohiro Matsumoto,Hirosato Mashima 대한장연구학회 2022 Intestinal Research Vol.20 No.4
Background/Aims: Although anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α agents are important therapeutic drugs for Crohn’s disease (CD), data regarding their long-term sustained effects are limited. Herein, we evaluated the long-term loss of response (LOR) to anti-TNF-α agents in patients with CD.Methods: This retrospective study included patients with CD who started treatment with infliximab or adalimumab as a first-line therapeutic approach. The cumulative event-free, retention, and surgery-free rates after the start of biological therapy were analyzed. Secondary LOR was analyzed in patients who achieved corticosteroid-free clinical remission after the start of biological therapy. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the predictive factors of secondary LOR.Results: The cumulative event-free rates at 1, 2, 5, and 10 years were 83.3%, 75.1%, 37.4%, and 23.3%, respectively. The incidence of LOR was 10.6% per patient-year of follow-up. At 12–14 weeks after the start of biological therapy, the proportion of patients with a C-reactive protein to albumin (CRP/ALB) ratio ≥0.18 was significantly higher in patients with LOR (<i>P</i><0.001). Multivariate analysis indicates that a CRP/ALB ratio ≥0.18 (hazard ratio [HR], 5.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56–22.0; <i>P</i>=0.009) and upper gastrointestinal tract inflammation (HR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.26–7.13; <i>P</i>=0.013) were predictive factors of secondary LOR.Conclusions: Although anti-TNF-α agents contributed to long-term clinical remission of CD, the annual incidence of secondary LOR was 10.6%. The CRP/ALB ratio at 3 months after the start of biological therapy and upper gastrointestinal tract inflammation were identified as predictive factors of secondary LOR.
Haruka Imai,Tohru Nakashizuka,Michio Oguro 한국생태학회 2017 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.41 No.3
Background: “Igune,” a traditional agricultural landscape in the Tohoku region of Japan, is characterized by small-scale artificial woodlots surrounding a farmer’s house that are interspersed with paddy fields. During the rapid economic growth of Japan over recent decades, some igune woodlots have been abandoned or logged. Biodiversity conservation is an important issue worldwide, and traditional agricultural landscapes are of particular interest. To elucidate the role of igune landscapes in conserving biodiversity, we examined the effects of environmental factors on avian communities. Results: The study was conducted in the suburban areas of Oshu and Hanamaki cities, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, at eight sites that varied in the density and area of igune woodlots within the landscape. Bird surveys were conducted from the middle to late breeding season, and several environmental factors of the igune landscape were also measured. The results of canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the characteristics of avian communities were mainly determined by the total forested area in the landscape. Increased total forested area and shrubs layer of igune woodlots did not cause a reduction in number of bird species of any habitat and foraging types, while increased both in species number and abundance of insectivores and forest species. The number of raptor species increased in igune sites without shrubs. Conclusions: Our results suggest that maintaining igune landscapes may enhance avian diversity within this landscape, although the effects of shrubs within igune varied; developed bush communities increased the evenness of the avian community, whereas some raptor species preferred an open forest understory.
Haruka Nishimura,Kazuyasu Sugiyama,Yoshinobu Tsujimoto,Hajime Koyama 한국유체기계학회 2018 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.11 No.3
The rotordynamic fluid forces on a columnar rotor modeling the front shroud of Francis turbine caused by the leakage flow and whirling motion are evaluated by the experiments and the computations, to explain the self-excited vibration observed in free vibration tests. In addition to the leakage flow models previously proposed, a new model is proposed to include the effects of the rotation and whirling motion of the rotor to evaluate the rotordynamic fluid forces. After checking the validity of the models by comparisons with experiments and CFD, the characters of each component are discussed based on the physical mechanism producing the forces. It was found that the rotordynamic force component normal to the whirling orbit is mainly caused by the centrifugal forces of the added mass of the fluid in the clearance and that the tangential force is mainly caused by the acceleration of the axial leakage flow through the clearance.