18세기 김용경의 家系와 言論 활동

김한신 ( Kim Hanshin ) 한국계보연구회 2023 한국계보연구 Vol.13 No.0

영조 즉위 이후, 노론 세력은 이제 영조의 권력 아래 경종대의 죄명으로부터 벗어나려 했다. 영조대 초반 노론에게는 소론 討罪가 매우 중요했다. 경종대 당시 일어난 신임옥사가 誣獄이었고, 자신들은 언제나 충의에 기반을 두고 正論에서 있다는 것을 증명하려면 자신들을 공격한 소론 인사가 공개적으로 처벌을 받아야 했다. 이러한 입장이 노론에서 내세우는 辛壬義理였다. 金龍慶 역시 慶州金氏로서 노론의 일원이었다. 김용경은 소론의 김일경과 그와 함께 행동한 박필몽 등 5인의 처벌을 강하게 주장했으며, 김창집 등 노론 사대신의 명예회복에 중점을 두고 있었다. 이러한 방향은 영조가 구상하는 정국의 전망과는 달랐다. 영조는 왕세제였던 자신이 경종대 이래로 받은 무함을 밝히고 국왕승계의 정통성을 당당하게 드러내는 것이 중요했다. 그러한 전제 아래 각 세력으로부터 자신의 정책에 동조하는 인물들을 모아 ‘탕평’을 달성해야 했다. 영조는 정치세력을 중재하는 국왕으로서 김용경 등이 주장하는 노론만을 위한 의리를 전적으로 수용할 수는 없었다고 생각된다. This paper focuses on the censorial activities of Kim Yongkyeong(김용경) during the reign of King Yeongjo(英祖) in the late Joseon period. After Yeongjo came to the throne, the Noron faction(老論) tried to free themselves from the charge that they had conspired treason against the previous monarch, Kyeongjong(景宗). During the early period of Yeongjo’s reign, punishing the Soron faction(少論) was imperative for the Noron. To prove that the judicial investigations carried out by the Soron in 1721 and 1722 were based on false charges and that the Noron were always loyal to the dynasty, it was necessary for the Noron to punish the Soron publicly. This was justified with the fidelity of the Noron during the judicial investigations in 1721 and 1722. Kim Yongkyeong was also a member of the Noron and belonged to the Kyeongju Kim clan(慶州金氏). Kim Yongkyeong(김용경) strongly insisted on the punishment of Kim Ilkyeong(김일경) and Park Pilmong(박필몽), leaders of the Soron during the judicial investigations in 1721 and 1722. At the same time, Yongkyeong focused on regaining the honour of the four representative ministers of the Noron. Yongkyeong’s aim was not in harmony with the envisioned plans of King Yeongjo. Yeongjo emphasised his innocence in response to suspicions about the death of his predecessor, Kyeongjong. He was also concerned with promoting his authority and his right to the throne. With these aims in mind, Yeongjo gathered together some subjects who agreed with the policy of Tangpyeong(탕평), a kind of arbitration between opposing groups designed to strike a balance of political parties. Therefore, it was inevitable Yeongjo and Kim Yongkyeong would have different viewpoints when the latter demanded public support from the king to allow the Nor on to regain power.

Flow-enhanced electrochemical immunosensors on centrifugal microfluidic platforms.

Kim, Tae-Hyeong,Abi-Samra, Kameel,Sunkara, Vijaya,Park, Dong-Kyu,Amasia, Mary,Kim, Nahui,Kim, Jintae,Kim, Hanshin,Madou, Marc,Cho, Yoon-Kyoung Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Lab on a chip Vol.13 No.18

<P>We present a novel fully integrated centrifugal microfluidic device with features for target antigen capture from biological samples, via a bead-based enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay, and flow-enhanced electrochemical detection. The limit of detection (LOD) of our device for the C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined to be 4.9 pg mL(-1), a 17-fold improvement over quantification by optical density. The complete sample-to-answer protocol of our device is fully automated and takes less than 20 min. Overall, the presented microfluidic disc adds to the comparatively small number of fully integrated microfluidic-based platforms that utilize electrochemical detection and exemplifies how electrochemical detection can be enhanced by flow to successfully detect very low levels of biomarkers (e.g. pg mL(-1)).</P>

From Warhorses to Ploughshares: The Later Tang Reign of Emperor Mingzong - by Richard L. Davis Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2014

Hanshin Kim 동북아역사재단 2015 Journal of Northeast Asian History Vol.12 No.2

Innovative computer aided alignment technique for deep space optic81 system for earth albedo monitoring

Kim Seong-Hui,Lee Hanshin,Kim Sug-Whan,Lockwood Mike,Morris Nigel,Tosh Ian,Yang Ho-Soon,Lee Yun-Woo 한국우주과학회 2005 한국우주과학회보 Vol.14 No.2

Ni–Ti–Zr–Si–Sn bulk metallic glass particle deposition and coating formation in vacuum plasma spraying

Kim, Juneseob,Lee, Changhee,Choi, Hanshin,Jo, Hyungho,Kim, Hwijun Elsevier 2007 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.449 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In this study, vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) was chosen for making Ni–Ti–Zr–Si–Sn bulk metallic glass (BMG) coating and the process parameters were optimized in view of phase composition of as-sprayed BMG overlay. When it comes to the phase evolution of BMG particle in thermal spraying process, the crystallization does occur by chemical instability and/or thermal instability. For the VPS process, the chemical instability such as in-flight particle oxidation can be neglected and thus the crystallization of BMG feedstock can be considered to result from the thermal instability. Actually, the crystalline phase fraction of the as-sprayed coatings was largely affected by the plasma gas composition which determines the plasma jet characteristics and also in-flight particle melting state. As the gas enthalpy is increased with the increase of hydrogen gas flow rate, number density of unmelted particle within the coating and crystalline phase fraction were consistently decreased. It implied that the phase composition of VPS BMG coating was largely dependent on the melting state of the impacting BMG particle.</P>

1598년 유성룡 실각과 主和誤國論 인식 분석

김한신(Kim, Hanshin) 호서사학회 2020 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.95

1598년 명의 軍門贊畫主事 丁應泰의 조선 탄핵이 있었고, 선조는 유성룡이 명 조정으로 직접 사행하여 변무하기를 기대했다. 그러나 유성룡은 북경에 사행하지 않았다. 이후 삼사의 탄핵이 계속되어 유성룡은 주화오국의 비판을 받게 되었다. 유성룡은 宋代 秦檜에 비유되었다. 이는 조정에서 강화를 주도한 행위가 국가를 그르쳤다는 공격을 역사적 사실로 뒷받침하는 작업이었다. 유성룡이 이에 대한 반박을 시도하면 할수록 그는 진회와 같은 인물로 낙인이 찍힐 수밖에 없었을 것이다. 그러나 1594년(선조 27) 이래 대신들 대부분은 조선에서 강화 교섭을 부득이하게 수용해야 한다는 사실을 알고 있었다. 무엇보다 명 측의 군사 지원이 필요한 상황에서 명군 지휘부와 갈등을 겪게 된다면 군사 지원을 받기 어려워질 수 있었다. 또한 조선군의 대오를 정비하고 군사력을 강화하기 위해 시간을 확보해야 할 필요가 있었다. 주화오국론은 이러한 사정을 도외시한 비판이었다. 이러한 비판이 왜 유성룡에게 집중되었는가도 중요한 문제이다. 유성룡은 1598년까지 영의정과 도체찰사를 겸임하며 내정과 함께 군사 정책을 총괄하고 있었다. 따라서 유성룡을 공격한다는 것은 지금까지의 군사정책을 집행한 수장을 끌어내린다는 의미로 볼 수 있다. 그와 동시에 유성룡 공격을 발판으로 정국의 주도권을 장악하고 이전과는 정반대의 정책을 펼쳐 보이겠다는 의도이기도 했다. 당시 유성룡을 비판하면서 조정의 요직으로 진출하는 北人 勢力의 움직임을 주목해야 하는 이유가 여기에 있다. 유성룡이 시행한 정책의 실상과 그에 대한 평가가 부합되어야 하는 것은 아니다. 그러나 그렇기 때문에 더욱 그러한 차이가 일어난 원인과 평가의 전개 과정이 분석될 필요가 있다. 이를 통해 전란기와 전란을 마감하는 시기 사이에 나타난 유성룡 실각이라는 현상의 의미를 반추할 수 있는 것이다. In 1598 Ding Yingtai(丁應泰), zanhuazhushi(贊畵主事) of Ming China, brought a charge against Joseon to the emperor that Joseon had cheated Ming. Seonjo(宣祖) wanted Yu Seong-ryong to go Beijing(北京) to clarify the misunderstanding in front of the emperor. But Yu did not. Thus the censorate(三司) of the Joseon Court continued to impeach that he was disroyal to his king, expanding the blame forward the crime of spoiling the state by advocacy of Peace Negotiation(주화오국). In this impeachment, Yu Seong-ryong was compared to Qin hui(秦檜), Chancellor of Song(宋) China who was regarded as traitor claiming advocacy of peace negotiation with Jin(金). The case of Qin hui was used as historical evidence to make attack Yu seriously. So it framed Yu not to refute their criticism. If Yu Seong-ryong refuted the censorate was false, it would make the situation worse for him. It is natural that Yu’s military contribution during the wartime did not receive good estimation from the Joseon Court. There is no particular reason why he had to get compliment from the court. Here, the issue we should pay attention to arises. It is quite important to analyze the gap between his contrbution and bad estimation. Through this analyzing we could think over the meaning of Yu Seong-ryong’s being out of office happened at the time the war is about to end.

중세 동아시아 해상교역의 재구성 - 김영제, 『고려상인과 동아시아 무역사』, 푸른역사, 2019 -

김한신(Kim, Hanshin) 동양사학회 2019 東洋史學硏究 Vol.149 No.-

The East Asian maritime trade between 11th century and 14th century is represented by the remarkable activities of the maritime merchants. Private enterprise, rather than state regulation, played the salient role in the emergence and expansion of maritime trade in East Asia. Although the amazing performances of the East Asian merchants such as Koryo merchants, Song merchants, and Hakata merchants had caught the eyes of historians, the previous researches on them had been mainly carried out from national historical perspective. The book, Koryo Merchants and the History of East Asian Maritime Trade, however, challenges the existing common ideas about the medieval East Asian maritime trade with the transnational perspective. In terms of the nationality of the maritime merchants, the author of the book argues that the China-born merchants who settled down in Koryo or Japan owned the Peaked-bottom-ship (尖底船) and led the trade between China and Koryo or Japan. In addition, according to his research, the traders were not largely constrained by the seasonal wind on the East Asian seas. The author of this book shows several typical East Asian maritime merchants who was born in China but later on settled down in Koryo and married Korean women. They did not only carry out the trade between Koryo and Song but played the significant diplomatic roles. Their trading goods, however, included cheap household goods besides luxury items. Since the household goods had price competitiveness, the traders could export them overseas. Due to his devoted studies, many aspects of the East Asian maritime trade during the Medieval period could be restored. As the author mentioned in this book, however, there are still in many aspects open to future further researches, which will be carried out with the transnational perspective, in the true sense of word.

제2차 진주성전투 이후 황진(黃進) 추서(追敍)와 17세기 기억의 형성

김한신 ( Kim Hanshin ) 호남사학회 2022 역사학연구 Vol.85 No.-

임진전쟁기 제2차 진주성전투에서 전사한 黃進은 17세기 이후의 조선사회에서 전란 초반의 전황을 이해할 때 반드시 언급되는 인물 중 하나였다. 그는 임진전쟁 발발 직후 호남 방어에 전력을 다했으며, 충청병사에 승진된 이후 활동범위를 확대하여 삼남의 보전에 초점을 맞추어 임무를 수행했다. 1593년 6월 제2차 진주성전투가 시작되었고, 황진은 다른 군·민과 함께 진주성을 사수하다 전사했다. 조선 조정으로 전달된 보고에서 황진이 중과부적임에도 ‘力戰’하다 전사했다는 사실이 강조되었다. 조정에서는 서둘러 황진 등 전사자에게 상을 내리고 추증했다. 황진의 공훈은 당대를 넘어 17세기 이후 사대부 사이에서 기억되고 기록으로 전승되었다. 황진의 기억에서 주목해야 할 특징은 황진이 후손들 사이에서만 顯彰된 것이 아니라 사대부들 사이에서 그의 기록이 수정, 보완을 거치며 당대를 설명하는 敍事 중 일부를 구성했다는 점이다. 황진의 史實은 私撰記錄과 官撰史書에서 병행 수록되어, 그의 면모와 전공을 재조명하는 가운데 당대사의 실상이 복원될 수 있었다. Hwang Jin(黃進) can be remembered as one of the most well-known figures who died as a war hero in the second Jinju Fortress battle in June 1593. During the Joseon period in the seventeenth century, people certainly referred to him whenever they discussed the early stages of the Imjin War. Right after the outbreak of the Imjin War, Hwang Jin did his utmost to defend Jeolla(全羅) and he was later promoted as the Provincial Army Commander of Chungcheong(忠淸兵使) to focus on preserving the three southern provinces of Joseon, namely, Chungcheong, Kyungsang(慶尙), and Jeolla. Eventually, in late June 1593, when the second Jinju Fortress battle began, Hwang Jin was killed while fighting bravely with his troops and the people of the castle against the Japanese army. According to the reports sent to the Joseon court Hwang Jin “fought valiantly” until the end(力戰) despite facing an overwhelming number of the enemies. The Joseon court immediately conferred prizes and granted posthumous honours to Hwang Jin and his colleagues. Hwang Jin’s meritorious service throughout the war was remembered long after his death and was recorded by some Confucians, the upper class of Joseon since the seventeenth century. Remembering Hwang Jin was crucial not just for commemorating him among his descendants but also for constructing a part of the entire narrative to explain the Imjin Wartime by famous Confucians later on. The historical facts about Hwang Jin were documented in both private and official history, which led to the restoration of the realities surrounding the Imjin War by shedding light on his personality and devotion to Joseon.

중학교 역사 교과서 조선 시대 서술 비교 및 검토

김한신(Kim, Hanshin) 호서사학회 2021 역사와 담론 Vol.- No.97

6종의 중학교 역사 교과서에서는 조선 역사의 핵심적인 특징을 요약하여 결론적으로 전달하고, 어렵지 않아야 하며, 본문의 흐름을 해독할 수 있는 역량에 중점을 두었다. 그러한 취지 아래 「조선의 성립과 발전」에서는 건국과 제도의 정비, 국가의 기틀 마련, 새로운 정치세력의 발생 등을 소개했다. 「조선 사회의 변동」에서는 ‘변화’라는 대주제 아래 정치, 제도, 사회, 경제, 사상 등 영역에 나타난 새로운 움직임을 정리했다. 교과서의 집필진은 학생들이 역사에 접근하기 쉽도록 유용한 도판자료와 그에 어울리는 본문을 배치했다. 그러나 성의 있게 만들었음에도 학생들이 시기구분, 현상 간의 인과관계와 상관관계, 시기 내에서의 맥락 등에 관한 질문을 연상하기에는 역부족이라는 생각을 지울 수 없었다. 역사에서는 하나의 사실을 접하고 왜일까라는 질문을 가지는 능력이 더 중요하다. 글자가 많다고 학생들이 읽기 어려워할 것을 걱정할 것이 아니라 역사를 읽고 질문하는 흥미를 느낄수 있도록 해야 한다. 그런 점에서 교과서에서 서사와 맥락의 관계를 읽는 연습이 중시되기를 바란다. There are 6 versions of middle school history textbook in Korea which were published by 6 publishing companies. As for the despcription on Joseon Korea, textbook writers focused on summing up and conclusion, not being difficult, and comprehending after reading the description. Under the writing purpose the chapter “the establishment and development of Joseon” introduced founding Joseon and system reorganization, stabilizing, and the appearance of new political group. The next chapter “the change of Joseon society”, from the transformation view, showed new movement observed on politics, institution maintenance, society, ecconomy, thoughts. The writers of the textbooks used drawing data and simple description in order to approach history text easily. Despite they made it carefully, it is inadequate for students to think over questions about period classification; causality and interrelation through phenomenons; context to understand the specific period. It is important to have questions ‘why’ after knowing a historical fact in a lesson. Maybe we worry that students would find it difficult to read on many sentences. But we should try to make students express their questions in spite of that difficulty. I wish the reading training on natrration and context in Joseon history would be put emphasis on forward.

唐代의 郊祀制度 : 제도의 확립과 쇠퇴를 중심으로

金渶信(Kim Hanshin) 중국고중세사학회 2004 중국고중세사연구 Vol.11 No.-

The Suburban Sacrifice was a typically Confucian ritual that embodied the ancient Chinese reverence for Heaven. The Confucian Heaven as defined by Dong Zhongxu(董仲敍) had intellectual faculties, and its rational intention was to punish and instruct human beings. This Confucian cosmology, on which the Suburban Sacrifice was based, was founded in the Han dynasty, and continued to prevail among the intellectuals during the early Tang period. For example, not only the dispute raged over the main deity of Suburban Sacrifice but also Wuzetian's preference for Mingtang(明堂) or 'Hall of Light' were founded on the cosmology. However during the Tianbao(天寶) era(742~756), many elements of Taoism were introduced to the state rituals, and so the Suburban Sacrifice became an ambivalent ritual that possessed both Confucian and Taoist properties. The turning point was An Lushan(安祿山)'s rebellion, which divided the Tang era between its earlier and later periods. From then on, obvious changes were observed in the Suburban Sacrifice. First, more serious consideration was given to the sacrifice rituals to the Ancestral Temple (宗廟) than the Suburban Sacrifice, which required large numbers of people and was very difficult to perform, especially under the economic and political hardships of the day. Moreover, the reconstruction of the Ancestral Temple was thought to be more urgent, and so according to Jiu Tangshu(舊唐書) the amount spent on the Suburban Sacrifice decreased, while that spent on the Ancestral Temple increased considerably. Second, after the rebellion, the intellectuals began to challenge the Confucian cosmology. Tu yu(杜佑), the author of Tong Dian (通典), criticized the ideal polity throughout the Confucian rites as unworkable. He also cautioned the intellectuals about the excessive emphasis on the cosmology. In the early ninth century, radical intellectuals such as Han Yu(韓愈) and Liu Zongyuan(柳宗元) issued further challenges in their personal essays. Liu Zongyuan particularly expressed his aversion to the superstitious and supernatural phenomena in his book, Fei Guoyo(非國語). Little by little, such criticism of the Confucian cosmology undermined the theoretical foundation of the Suburban Sacrifice. Once the Confucian cosmology lost its mystic and authority, the Suburban Sacrifice lost all its earlier importance and became merely a convention. Therefore, the intellectuals of the later Tang period began to grope around for a new divine nature of the Emperor from other religions instead.