Assessment of groundwater corrosivity in Hamedan Province, Iran using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)

Hamid Zare Abyaneh,Maryam Bayat Varkeshi,Kourosh Mohammadi,Ken Howard,Safar Marofi 한국지질과학협의회 2011 Geosciences Journal Vol.15 No.4

The Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) and Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI) were used to study the incrustation/corrosion potential of groundwaters in Hamedan Province, Iran. The LSI and PSI indices correlated strongly with total dissolved solids (TDS) (mgL^(–1)), pH and HCO^-_3(mmolL^(–1)) as revealed by determination coefficients of 0.90 and 0.99 for LSI and PSI, respectively. Subsequently, a trained adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was deployed to predict the corrosion behavior of water in unsampled or partially sampled locations using available total dissolved solids (TDS), pH and HCO^-_3 as input data. Excellent agreement between the ANFIS simulations and the indices determined using conventional LSI and PSI techniques confirms that modeling using the ANFIS approach will allow water corrosion potential to be determined reliably and inexpensively using only TDS, pH, and HCO^-_3 data.

Study of Old Trees C.V. Sabz to Pruning Severity under Rain-fed Condition

Hamid Zare,Amir Sahraroo 한국원예학회 2008 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Lead-Selective Poly(vinyl chloride) Membrane Electrode Based on 1-Phenyl-2-(2-quinolyl)-1,2-dioxo-2-(4-bromo) phenylhydrazone

Hamid Reza Zare*,Mohammad Mazloum Ardakani,Navid Nasirizadeh,Javad Safari 대한화학회 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.1

A PVC membrane electrode for lead ion based on 1-phenyl-2-(2-quinolyl)-1,2-dioxo-2-(4-bromo) phenylhydrazone (PQDBP) as ionophore was demonstrated. The optimum composition of the membrane was 30 wt% poly(vinyl chloride), 60 wt% dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer, 4 wt% ionophore and 6 wt% sodium tetraphenylborate as additive. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response (28.7 mV decade−1) for Pb2+ over a wide concentration range (1.0 × 10−1 to 1 × 10−6 M) with a detection limit of 6.0 × 10−7 M. This sensor has a short response time and can be used for at least 2 months without any divergence in potentials. The proposed electrode could be used in a pH range of 3.0-6.0 and revealed good selectivities for Pb2+ over a wide variety of other metal ions. It was successfully applied as an indicator electrode for the potentiometric titration of lead ion with potassium chromate and for the direct determination of lead in mine.

Lead-Selective Poly(vinyl chloride) Membrane Electrode Based on 1-Phenyl-2-(2-quinolyl)-1,2-dioxo-2-(4-bromo) phenylhydrazone

Zare, Hamid Reza,Ardakani, Mahammad Mazloum,Nasirizadeh, Navid,Safari, Javad Korean Chemical Society 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.1

A PVC membrane electrode for lead ion based on 1-phenyl-2-(2-quinolyl)-1,2-dioxo-2-(4-bromo) phenylhydrazone (PQDBP) as ionophore was demonstrated. The optimum composition of the membrane was 30 wt% poly(vinyl chloride), 60 wt% dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer, 4 wt% ionophore and 6 wt% sodium tetraphenylborate as additive. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response (28.7 mV decade$^{-1}$) for Pb$^{2+}$ over a wide concentration range (1.0 ${\times}$ 10$^{-1}$ to 1 ${\times}$ 10$^{-6}$ M) with a detection limit of 6.0 ${\times}$ 10$^{-7}$ M. This sensor has a short response time and can be used for at least 2 months without any divergence in potentials. The proposed electrode could be used in a pH range of 3.0-6.0 and revealed good selectivities for Pb$^{+2}$ over a wide variety of other metal ions. It was successfully applied as an indicator electrode for the potentiometric titration of lead ion with potassium chromate and for the direct determination of lead in mine.

Structural and phase separation characterization of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide)/carbon nanotube nanocomposites by rheological examinations

Zare, Yasser,Garmabi, Hamid,Rhee, Kyong Yop Elsevier 2018 Composites Part B, Engineering Vol.144 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The morphology and phase separation have significant impacts on the properties and applications of polymer blends and nanocomposites. In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blends and PLA/PEO/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites are prepared by solution mixing and the rheological approach is applied to study the morphology and phase separation of the prepared samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is also used to study the morphology and structure of samples. Additionally, the miscibility or immiscibility between polymer blends was analyzed through Han plots. The results display the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase diagram for the prepared samples demonstrating that the enhancement of temperature promotes phase separation. Moreover, the addition of nanoparticles transfers the LCST diagram to high temperatures. The deformation relaxation of PEO droplets commonly diminishes the modulus at very low frequencies, while the formation of big CNT networks in nanocomposites containing high CNT content results in a constant modulus. Han plots also represent the immiscibility in the samples containing 60 and 75 wt% PLA and the nanocomposites including 90 wt% PLA show homogenous structures. The SEM images verify the outputs of rheological tests conducted for the morphology of samples.</P>

A simple model for constant storage modulus of poly (lactic acid)/poly (ethylene oxide)/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites at low frequencies assuming the properties of interphase regions and networks

Zare, Yasser,Rhim, Sungsoo,Garmabi, Hamid,Rhee, Kyong Yop Elsevier 2018 Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical m Vol.80 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The networks of nanoparticles in nanocomposites cause solid-like behavior demonstrating a constant storage modulus at low frequencies. This study examines the storage modulus of poly (lactic acid)/poly (ethylene oxide)/carbon nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposites. The experimental data of the storage modulus in the plateau regions are obtained by a frequency sweep test. In addition, a simple model is developed to predict the constant storage modulus assuming the properties of the interphase regions and the CNT networks. The model calculations are compared with the experimental results, and the parametric analyses are applied to validate the predictability of the developed model. The calculations properly agree with the experimental data at all polymer and CNT concentrations. Moreover, all parameters acceptably modulate the constant storage modulus. The percentage of the networked CNT, the modulus of networks, and the thickness and modulus of the interphase regions directly govern the storage modulus of nanocomposites. The outputs reveal the important roles of the interphase properties in the storage modulus.</P>

Roles of filler dimensions, interphase thickness, waviness, network fraction, and tunneling distance in tunneling conductivity of polymer CNT nanocomposites

Zare, Yasser,Garmabi, Hamid,Rhee, Kyong Yop Elsevier 2018 Materials chemistry and physics Vol.206 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We present a simple model to express the tunneling conductivity of polymer CNT nanocomposites as a function of the filler dimensions, filler conductivity, interphase thickness, waviness, fraction of networked CNTs, and tunneling distance. This model expresses the percolation threshold and the fraction of networked CNTs in terms of filler dimensions, waviness, and interphase thickness. The model was tested using experimental results from the literature. The predictions show good agreement with the experimental results in all samples, demonstrating the model's robustness for estimating tunneling conductivity. Moreover, the tunneling distance decreases as the filler concentration increases in all samples. The model parameters have a reasonable effect on the tunneling conductivity. The waviness and tunneling distance inversely affect the tunneling conductivity. Further, the waviness weakens the effective length of the nanotubes, and large tunneling distances cannot effectively transfer electrons between two adjacent nanotubes. The interphase thickness directly controls the tunneling conductivity, because a thick interphase reduces the percolation threshold. Poor percolation also creates large and dense conductive networks in nanocomposites, which is desirable for conductivity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A simple model for tunneling conductivity of polymer-CNT nanocomposites is suggested. </LI> <LI> Interphase thickness, fraction of networked CNTs, and tunneling distance are assumed. </LI> <LI> The model expresses the percolation threshold and the fraction of networked CNTs. </LI> <LI> The model is tested using experimental results from the literature and parametric analyses. </LI> <LI> The predictions show good agreement with the experimental results in all samples. </LI> </UL> </P>

Prediction of complex modulus in phase-separated poly (lactic acid)/poly (ethylene oxide)/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites

Zare, Yasser,Garmabi, Hamid,Rhee, Kyong Yop Elsevier 2018 Polymer testing Vol.66 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study focuses on the modeling of complex modulus in phase-separated poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)/carbon nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposites. Palierne model for complex modulus of immiscible blends is developed assuming the significances of CNT and interphase regions. The predictions of developed model are compared to the experimental data from rheological experiment and the predictability of the developed model is studied. Furthermore, the roles of main parameters in the complex modulus of nanocomposites are explained to validate the developed model. The calculations show proper agreements with the experimental data confirming the predictability of the developed model. A higher concentration of continuous matrix and a smaller content of PEO droplets cause thicker and stronger interphase in nanocomposites. High CNT concentration and thin CNT mainly improve the complex modulus. Additionally, both thickness and complex modulus of interphase regions directly control the complex modulus of nanocomposites. This study can afford an insight for researchers to control and optimize the complex modulus in immiscible nanocomposites.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Palierne model for complex modulus of immiscible blends is developed for nanocomposites. </LI> <LI> The complex modulus in phase-separated PLA/PEO/CNT nanocomposites is predicted. </LI> <LI> The developed model assumes the significances of CNT and interphase regions. </LI> <LI> The calculations show proper agreements with the experimental data. </LI> <LI> Thickness and stiffness of interphase directly control the complex modulus of samples. </LI> </UL> </P>

Antibodies to Interferon beta in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Receiving CinnoVex, Rebif, and Betaferon

Nasrin Zare,Sayyed Hamid Zarkesh-Esfahani,Marjan Gharagozloo,Vahid Shaygannejad 대한의학회 2013 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.28 No.12

Treatment with interferon beta (IFN-β) induces the production of binding antibodies (BAbs) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). NAbs against IFN-β are associated with a loss of IFN-β bioactivity and decreased clinical efficacy of the drug. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and the prevalence of binding antibodies (BAbs) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to IFN-β in MS patients receiving CinnoVex, Rebif, or Betaferon. The presence of BAbs was studied in serum samples from 124 MS patients using one of these IFN-β medications by ELISA. The NAbs against IFN-β were measured in BAb-positive MS patients receiving IFN-β using an MxA gene expression assay (real-time RT-PCR). Of the 124 patients, 36 (29.03%) had BAbs after at least 12 months of IFN-β treatment. The proportion of BAb+ was 38.1% for Betaferon, 21.9% for Rebif, and 26.8% for CinnoVex. Five BAb-positive MS patients were lost to follow-up; thus 31 BAb-positive MS patients were studied for NAbs. NAbs were present in 25 (80.6%) of BAb-positive MS patients receiving IFN-β. In conclusion, the three IFN-β preparations have different degrees of immunogenicity.

Assessment of nonlocal nonlinear free vibration of bi-directional functionally-graded Timoshenko nanobeams

Elnaz Zare,Daria K. Voronkova,Omid Faraji,Hamidreza Aghajanirefah,Hamid Malek Nia,Mohammad Gholami,Mojtaba Gorji Azandariani Techno-Press 2024 Advances in nano research Vol.16 No.5

The current study employs the nonlocal Timoshenko beam (NTB) theory and von-Kármán's geometric nonlinearity to develop a non-classic beam model for evaluating the nonlinear free vibration of bi-directional functionally-graded (BFG) nanobeams. In order to avoid the stretching-bending coupling in the equations of motion, the problem is formulated based on the physical middle surface. The governing equations of motion and the relevant boundary conditions have been determined using Hamilton's principle, followed by discretization using the differential quadrature method (DQM). To determine the frequencies of nonlinear vibrations in the BFG nanobeams, a direct iterative algorithm is used for solving the discretized underlying equations. The model verification is conducted by making a comparison between the obtained results and benchmark results reported in prior studies. In the present work, the effects of amplitude ratio, nanobeam length, material distribution, nonlocality, and boundary conditions are examined on the nonlinear frequency of BFG nanobeams through a parametric study. As a main result, it is observed that the nonlinear vibration frequencies are greater than the linear vibration frequencies for the same amplitude of the nonlinear oscillator. The study finds that the difference between the dimensionless linear frequency and the nonlinear frequency is smaller for CC nanobeams compared to SS nanobeams, particularly within the α range of 0 to 1.5, where the impact of geometric nonlinearity on CC nanobeams can be disregarded. Furthermore, the nonlinear frequency ratio exhibits an increasing trend as the parameter µ is incremented, with a diminishing dependency on nanobeam length (L). Additionally, it is established that as the nanobeam length increases, a critical point is reached at which a sharp rise in the nonlinear frequency ratio occurs, particularly within the nanobeam length range of 10 nm to 30 nm. These findings collectively contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the nonlinear vibration behavior of BFG nanobeams in relation to various parameters.