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Constructing and Validating an Emotional Presence Scale to Measure Online Learners' Engagement
Kang, Myunghee,Choi, Hyungshin,Kim, Su-Yeon East West Education Research Institute, Ewha Woman 2008 East west education Vol.25 No.-
Emotional presence has recently been noted to be an indicator of students' engagement during e-Learning process. Research on emotional presence, however, is still in an early stage and no scale has yet been developed to measure the level of emotional presence. Based on the literature review regarding emotion, emotional intelligence and emotional presence, three conceptual constructs ? feeling, expressing, and managing emotion - were theoretically identified. Sixteen self-report items with Likert type scale were initially developed to measure the three constructs. The initial scale was reconstructed and refined after the reliability and validity testing against 723 undergraduate students in two consecutive studies, 418 in the preliminary and 305 in the re-validation study. This paper reports the refined scale to measure emotional presence based on the results from two independent studies.
HS Chris Choi,Jueun Cho,Pavla Kazda 한국관광학회 2010 International Journal of Tourism Sciences Vol.10 No.2
The objectives of this study are to examine a structural model explaining the behavioral intentions of passengers to accept the service, and to test the effect of cultural difference on kiosk use. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the sampled data and 248 usable surveys were collected: To test a proposed model, a multi-group analysis of metric invariance and concurrent cross validation tests were performed on the two cultural groups obtained from a k-mean cluster analysis. The study findings indicate that metric invariance was fully supported while concurrent cross validation proved that only two paths are slightly different cross culture. All paths in the structural models were significant except two paths in the CUA model (TR → PU & PE → AKU). In addition, the variance accounted for behavioral intention was slightly larger in the CUA sample relative to the IUA sample. The study discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.
최영민,이영호,서승식,최화국,최귀동,이향숙 대한산부인과학회 1996 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.39 No.5
1991년 1월 1일부터 1995년 12월 31일까지 만 5년간 전주예수병원 산부인과에서 자궁외임신으로 입원수술한 환자 116예를 임상적 고찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 분만건수에 대한 자궁외임신의 빈도는 1:168명(116예/19,497건)이었다. 2. 호발연령은 25-29세가 40.5%로 가장 많았다. 3. 분만횟수와의 관계에서 미산부의 자궁외임신이 29.3%를 차지하였고, 한번도 임신 안한 미임부가 30.2%를 차지하였다. 4. 최종월경 제 1일부터 증상발현하여 내원하기까지의 기간은 6-8주사이가 44.8%로 가장많았다. 5. 기왕력은 인공유산의 경험이 74.1%, 복강경불임시술 15.5%, 자궁외임신 12%, 제왕절개술 6.9%를 차지하였다. 6. 주요 임상증상에서 하복부동통이 88.7%, 질출혈이 57.8%, 무월경이 59.4% 등으로 주 증상을 보였다. 7. 자궁외임신 진단방법으로 소변 임신반응검사 양성율은 97.4% 였으며, 더글라스와천자 양성율은 71%로 나타났고, 복강경진단 양성율은 85.2%, 초음파진단상 자궁부속기 종괴 및 더글라스와 액상소견은 44.3%에서 나타났다. 8. 자궁외임신 발생부위는 난관이 92.2%로 가장 많았고, 난소 4.3%, 자궁경관 0.9%, 광인대 2.6%를 보였다. 그리고 형태에 따라 파열형이 69.1%, 사산형이 31%, 비파열형이 0.9%을 보였다. 9. 혈청 B-HCG치는 1,000 mIU- 5,000 mIU가45.8%로 가장 많았다. 10. 복강내 출혈량은 500 ml미만이 45.8%로 가장 많았고, 500-1,000 ml가 18.9%, 1,000-2,000 ml가 17.3%를 차지하였다. 11. 혈청 B-HCG치가 1,000 mIU/ml이하인 경우가 33%였고, 혈청 B-HCG치와 자궁외임신 크기의 연관성은 뚜렷하지 않았다. 따라서 혈청 B-HCG치를 이용하여 자궁외임신 크기를 예측하는 것은 유용하지 못할 것으로 사료된다. 12. 수술방법은 대부분 개복수술로 환측 난관절제술이 47.5%, 환측 난관절제술과 비환측난관결찰술이 10.3%로 대다수를 차지하였으며 복강경에 의한 환측 난관절제술도 9.5%를 차지하였다. 13. 116예 자궁외임신으로 입원 후 수술 중, 후 사망한 예는 없었다. This study is a clinica evaluation and statistical analysis on the 116 cases of ectopic prognancies who were admitted and treated at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Presbyterian Medical Center from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 1995. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The medical center incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 1 in 168 deliveries. 2. The most frequent age group was in 25-29 years group. 3. Nullipara was 34 cases(29.3%) and the number of cases had 1, 2 deliveries were 34 cases (29.3%), 39 cases (33.6%). 4. The most frequent interval between last menstrual period and the onset of symptoms was 6-8 weeks in 52 cases(44.8%). 5. In the past history, 86 cases(74.1%) had previous artificial abortion, 18 cases(15.5%) had laparoscopic tubal sterilization, 14 cases(12%) had previous ectopic pregnancy, 8 cases (6.9%) had previous cesarean section. 6. On the smptomatological studies, lower abdominal pain was noted in 103 cases(88.7%), vaginla bleeding(spotting) in 67 cases(57.8%), amenorrhea in 62 cases(53.4%). 7. Urine hCG test was positive in 113 cases(97.4%) and culdocentesis was positive, 61 cases(71%). and diagnostic laparoscopy was positive in 23 cases(85.2 %). On the sonograghic findings, adnexal mass and cul-de-sac fluid finding was positive in 39 cases(44.3%). 8. Ectopic pregnancy was implanted on fallopian tube in 107 cases(92.2%), and 5 cases(4.3%) on ovary, 1 case(0.9%) on cervix. In tubal pregnancy, the most implantation site was ampullar portion 76 case(65.5%). Ruptured tubal pregnancy was 79 cases(68.1%). 9. The most common range of serum B-HCG level was 1,000 mIU-5000 mIU in 35 cases(41.1%). 10. Intraperitoneal blood loss below 500 ml in amount was 53 cases(45.8%), 1,000-2,000 ml in 20 cases(17.3%), respectively. 11. The serum B-HCG level was below 1,000 mIU/ml in 28 cases(33%). The serum B-HCG levels relate poorly with the size of a ectopic pregnancy. 12. Most commonly used operative procedure was ipsilateral salpingectomy in 55 cases (47.5%), ipsilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 8 cases(6.9%) and also, laparoscopic salping ectomy was done in 11 cases(9.5%). 13. In the 116 study cases, there was no fatal case.
최혜숙(HS Choi),이경희(KH Lee),박동흥(DH Park),박정대(CD Park),김종예(JY Kim) 대한산부인과학회 1968 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.11 No.12
A case of giant baby with 5.000gm of birth weight is reported and it`s literature is reviewed briefly.