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Quantum fluctuation theorems and generalized measurements during the force protocol.
Watanabe, Gentaro,Venkatesh, B Prasanna,Talkner, Peter,Campisi, Michele,H?nggi, Peter Published by the American Physical Society through 2014 Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and so Vol.89 No.3
<P>Generalized measurements of an observable performed on a quantum system during a force protocol are investigated and conditions that guarantee the validity of the Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation are formulated. In agreement with previous studies by M. Campisi, P. Talkner, and P. H?nggi [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 140601 (2010); Phys. Rev. E 83, 041114 (2011)], we find that these fluctuation relations are satisfied for projective measurements; however, for generalized measurements special conditions on the operators determining the measurements need to be met. For the Jarzynski equality to hold, the measurement operators of the forward protocol must be normalized in a particular way. The Crooks relation additionally entails that the backward and forward measurement operators depend on each other. Yet, quite some freedom is left as to how the two sets of operators are interrelated. This ambiguity is removed if one considers selective measurements, which are specified by a joint probability density function of work and measurement results of the considered observable. We find that the respective forward and backward joint probabilities satisfy the Crooks relation only if the measurement operators of the forward and backward protocols are the time-reversed adjoints of each other. In this case, the work probability density function conditioned on the measurement result satisfies a modified Crooks relation. The modification appears as a protocol-dependent factor that can be expressed by the information gained by the measurements during the forward and backward protocols. Finally, detailed fluctuation theorems with an arbitrary number of intervening measurements are obtained.</P>
Watanabe, H.,Zhang, G.X.,Yoshida, K.,Walker, P.M.,Liu, J.J.,Wu, J.,Regan, P.H.,Soderstrom, P.A.,Kanaoka, H.,Korkulu, Z.,Lee, P.S.,Nishimura, S.,Yagi, A.,Ahn, D.S.,Alharbi, T.,Baba, H.,Browne, F.,Bruce North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Physics letters. Section B Vol.760 No.-
The level structure of <SUP>172</SUP>Dy has been investigated for the first time by means of decay spectroscopy following in-flight fission of a <SUP>238</SUP>U beam. A long-lived isomeric state with T<SUB>½</SUB>=0.71(5) s and K<SUP>π</SUP>=8<SUP>-</SUP> has been identified at 1278 keV, which decays to the ground-state and γ-vibrational bands through hindered electromagnetic transitions, as well as to the daughter nucleus <SUP>172</SUP>Ho via allowed β decays. The robust nature of the K<SUP>π</SUP>=8<SUP>-</SUP> isomer and the ground-state rotational band reveals an axially-symmetric structure for this nucleus. Meanwhile, the γ-vibrational levels have been identified at unusually low excitation energy compared to the neighboring well-deformed nuclei, indicating the significance of the microscopic effect on the non-axial collectivity in this doubly mid-shell region. The underlying mechanism of enhanced γ vibration is discussed in comparison with the deformed Quasiparticle Random-Phase Approximation based on a Skyrme energy-density functional.
Watanabe, H.,Lorusso, G.,Nishimura, S.,Otsuka, T.,Ogawa, K.,Xu, Z. Y.,Sumikama, T.,Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Doornenbal, P.,Li, Z.,Browne, F.,Gey, G.,Jung, H. S.,Taprogge, J.,Vajta, Zs.,Wu, J.,Yagi, American Physical Society 2014 Physical Review Letters Vol.113 No.4
<P>A new isomer with a half-life of 23.0(8) ms has been identified at 2406 keV in (126)Pd and is proposed to have a spin and parity of 10(+) with a maximally aligned configuration comprising two neutron holes in the 1h(11/2) orbit. In addition to an internal-decay branch through a hindered electric octupole transition, β decay from the long-lived isomer was observed to populate excited states at high spins in (126)Ag. The smaller energy difference between the 10(+) and 7(-) isomers in (126)Pd than in the heavier N=80 isotones can be interpreted as being ascribed to the monopole shift of the 1h(11/2) neutron orbit. The effects of the monopole interaction on the evolution of single-neutron energies below (132)Sn are discussed in terms of the central and tensor forces.</P>
Watanabe, H.,Wang, H.K.,Lorusso, G.,Nishimura, S.,Xu, Z.Y.,Sumikama, T.,Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Doornenbal, P.,Browne, F.,Gey, G.,Jung, H.S.,Taprogge, J.,Vajta, Zs.,Wu, J.,Yagi, A.,Baba, H.,Benzon Elsevier 2019 Physics letters: B Vol.792 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The neutron-rich isotopes of palladium have attracted considerable interest in terms of the evolution of the N = 82 neutron shell closure and its influence on the <I>r</I>-process nucleosynthesis. In this Letter, we present the first spectroscopic information on the excited states in <SUP>125</SUP>Pd<SUB>79</SUB> and <SUP>127</SUP>Pd<SUB>81</SUB> studied using the EURICA <I>γ</I>-ray spectrometer, following production via in-flight fission of a high-intensity <SUP>238</SUP>U beam at the RIBF facility. New isomeric states with half-lives of 144(4) ns and 39(6) μs have been assigned spins and parities of ( 23 / <SUP> 2 + </SUP> ) and ( 19 / <SUP> 2 + </SUP> ) in <SUP>125</SUP>Pd and <SUP>127</SUP>Pd, respectively. The observed level properties are compared to a shell-model calculation, suggesting the competition between proton excitations and neutron excitations in the proton-hole and neutron-hole systems in the vicinity of the doubly magic nucleus <SUP>132</SUP>Sn.</P>
Accurate Gap Determination in Monolayer and Bilayer Graphene/<i>h</i>-BN Moiré Superlattices
Kim, Hakseong,Leconte, Nicolas,Chittari, Bheema L.,Watanabe, Kenji,Taniguchi, Takashi,MacDonald, Allan H.,Jung, Jeil,Jung, Suyong American Chemical Society 2018 Nano letters Vol.18 No.12
<P>High mobility single and few-layer graphene sheets are in many ways attractive as nanoelectronic circuit hosts but lack energy gaps, which are essential to the operation of field-effect transistors. One of the methods used to create gaps in the spectrum of graphene systems is to form long period moiré patterns by aligning the graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (<I>h</I>-BN) substrate lattices. Here, we use planar tunneling devices with thin <I>h</I>-BN barriers to obtain direct and accurate tunneling spectroscopy measurements of the energy gaps in single-layer and bilayer graphene-<I>h</I>-BN superlattice structures at charge neutrality (first Dirac point) and at integer moiré band occupancies (second Dirac point, SDP) as a function of external electric and magnetic fields and the interface twist angle. In single-layer graphene, we find, in agreement with previous work, that gaps are formed at neutrality and at the hole-doped SDP, but not at the electron-doped SDP. Both primary and secondary gaps can be determined accurately by extrapolating Landau fan patterns to a zero magnetic field and are as large as ≈17 meV for devices in near-perfect alignment. For bilayer graphene, we find that gaps occur only at charge neutrality where they can be modified by an external electric field.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Sohn, S.H.,Lim, J.H.,Yim, S.W.,Hyun, O.B.,Kim, H.R.,Yatsuka, K.,Isojima, S.,Masuda, T.,Watanabe, M.,Ryoo, H.S.,Yang, H.S.,Kim, D.L.,Hwang, S.D. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2007 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.17 No.2
<P>As high temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables have some merits over conventional cables, several demonstration projects on the HTS cable system are presently under way around the world. Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) also initiated an HTS cable project in 2002 with the Korean government's support. A three phase 100 m HTS cable system with a capacity of 50 MVA has been installed at Gochang test yard, located in Chonnbuk province, Korea. The HTS cable system is composed of a 100 m-long cable, two terminations and a cooling system. The rated current is 1,250 A<SUB>rms</SUB> and the rated voltage is 22.9 kV considering compatibility with the conventional power distribution system in Korea. Main purposes of this project are to verify the performance of an HTS cable system and to evaluate the potential of the HTS cable system from the viewpoint of power utilities. The real grid application of the HTS cable system requires the demonstration of system reliability, accumulated operation experiences, and it has to meet the practical needs of the utilities. In such a meaning, this project provides various challenges for KEPCO, and the feedback will be delivered to cable manufacturers. This user initiative test will facilitate the introduction of HTS cable systems into a real grid network. The installation process of the HTS cable system and some results of the preliminary test were presented in this paper.</P>
Configuration Dependence of Toroidal Current in Heliotron J
gen Motojima,F. Sano,H. Yabutani,H. Okada,H. Nakamura,H. Arimoto,H. Kitagawa,H. Yamazaki,K. Kondo,K. Nagasaki,K. Hanatani,K.Y. Watanabe,M. Kaneko,M. Uno,S. Fujikawa,S. Watanabe,S. Yamamoto,S. Kobayash 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
A change of toroidal current by controlling the magnetic configuration has been observed in Heliotron J. The effect of the magnetic configuration on the neoclassical bootstrap current has been theoretically investigated for Heliotron J. It is found that the bumpy field component (B04) plays an important role in changing both the value and the direction of the bootstrap current in Heliotron J. The bootstrap current density is reversed at the small minor radius first, and then the net bootstrap current changes its direction from a positive value to a negative value as B04 decreases.
hajime Arimoto,F. Sano,G. Motojima,H. Yamazaki,H. Nakamura,H. Yabutani,H. Kitagawa,H. Okada,J. Arakawa,K. Kondo,K. Ohashi,K. Nagasaki,M. Yamada,M. Uno,M. Kikutake,M. Kaneko,N. Watanabe,N. Nishino,N. S 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
The measurement of D, CII and CIII line spectral profiles and the CD band spectrum from the vicinity of a test limiter surface is performed in Heliotron J test limiter experiments. With deep insertion of the limiter, there is a localized intense region of the D, CII and CIII line intensity in the limiter surface, and the CD band spectrum is observed at this region. It is considered that the deuterium ion flux and heat load concentrate at this region and enhance carbon impurity generation.r_che
Watanabe, H. The Korean Society of Rheology 2001 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.13 No.4
This review article summarizes results of recent viscoelastic and dielectric studies for entangled cis-polyisoprene (PI) chains. The PI chains have the so-called type-A dipoles parallel along the chain backbone, and their slow viscoelastic and dielectric relaxation processes reflect the same global chain motion. However, this motion is differently averaged in the viscoelastic and dielectric properties, the former representing the isochronal orientational anisotropy of individual entanglement segments while the latter detecting the orientational correlation of the segments at two separate times (0 and t). On the basis of this difference, the viscoelastic and dielectric data of the entangled PI chains were compared to elucidate detailed features of the chain dynamics. Specifically, the molecular picture of dynamic tube dilation (DTD) incorporated in recent models was tested for linear and star PI chain. The comparison revealed that the DTD picture was valid for linear PI chains but failed for the star PI chains in the dominant part of the terminal relaxation. The failure for the star chains was related to the pre-requisite for the DTD process, rapid equilibration of successive entanglement segments through their constraint release (CR) motion: For the star chains, the dilated tube diameter expected in the terminal regime was considerably large because of a broad distribution of motional modes of the chains, so that the CR-equilibration required for DTD could not occur in time. The terminal relaxation of the star chain appeared to occur through the CR process before the expected DTD process was completed. The situation was different for the linear chain exhibiting narrowly distributed motional modes. The dilated tube expected for the linear chain was rather thin and the required CR-equilibration occurred in time, resulting in the success of the DTD picture. These detailed features of the chain dynamics was revealed only when the viscoelastic and dielectric properties were compared, demonstrating the importance of this comparison.