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van Putten, Maurice H.P.M.,Gwak, B.,Kang, G.,Kim, C.,Kim, H.-C.,Lee, C.-H.,Lee, J.,Lee, S.,Lee, W. EDP Sciences 2018 The European Physical Journal Conferences Vol.168 No.-
<P>The <I>H</I>0-tension problem poses a confrontation of dark energy driving latetime cosmological expansion measured by the Hubble parameter<I> H</I>(<I>z</I>) over an extended range of redshifts <I>z</I>. Distinct values <I>H</I>0 ≃ 73 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpcs<SUP>-1</SUP> and <I>H</I>0 ≃ 68 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpcs<SUP>-1</SUP> obtain from surveys of the Local Universe and, respectively, ΛCBM analysis of the CMB. These are representative of accelerated expansion with <I>H</I>′(0) ≃ 0 by [see formula in PDF] and, respectively, <I>H</I>′(0) > 0 in ΛCDM, where [see formula in PDF] is a fundamental frequency of the cosmological horizon in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with deceleration parameter <I>q</I>(<I>z</I>) = -1 + (1+z)<I>H</I><SUP>-1</SUP><I>H</I>′(z). Explicit solution <I>H</I>(z) = <I>H</I>0 [see formula in PDF] and, respectively, <I>H</I>(z) = <I>H</I>0[see formula in PDF] are here compared with recent data on <I>H</I>(<I>z</I>) over 0 ≲ z ≲ 2.The first is found to be free of tension with H0 from local surveys, while the latter is disfavored at 2:7σ A further confrontation obtains in galaxy dynamics by a finite sensitivity of inertia to background cosmology in weak gravity, putting an upper bound of <I>m</I> ≲ 10<SUP>-30</SUP> eV on the mass of dark matter. A <I>C</I><SUP>0</SUP> onset to weak gravity at the de Sitter scale of acceleration <I>adS</I> = <I>cH</I>(<I>z</I>), where <I>c</I> denotes the velocity of light, can be seen in galaxy rotation curves covering 0 ≲ <I>z</I> ≲ 2 Weak gravity in galaxy dynamics hereby provides a proxy for cosmological evolution.</P>
Hong, D.U.,Han, C.H.,Park, S.H.,Kim, I.J.,Gwak, J.,Han, S.D.,Kim, H.J. Elsevier 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.1
Recovery properties after H<SUB>2</SUB>S catalytic poisoning of catalytic-type gas sensor with photo-catalysts and UV radiation have been examined. Each sensing material of the sensor consists of Pd, Pt supported on γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and Pd/titanate, Pt/titanate nanotubes or TiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles. Pd/titanate and Pt/titanate nanotubes photo-catalyst were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis method. All the sensors were deactivated after 500ppm H<SUB>2</SUB>S exposure for 20h. The sensors with Pd/titanate or Pt/titanate nanotubes showed regenerated voltage response under UV radiation. However the sensor with TiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles showed negligible regenerated voltage response. Regenerated voltage response with Pd/titanate or Pt/titanate nanotubes may stem from location of Pd or Pt catalyst on the titanate nanotube photo-catalyst.
Deformable wall effects on the detonation of combustible gas mixture in a thin-walled tube
Gwak, M.c.,Lee, Y.,Kim, K.h.,Yoh, J.J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.40 No.7
We present a multi-material numerical investigation on the propagation of combustible gas mixture detonation in thin-walled metal tubes. We use experimentally tuned one step Arrhenius chemical reaction and an ideal gas equation of state (EOS) to describe the stoichiometric H<SUB>2</SUB>-O<SUB>2</SUB> and C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>-O<SUB>2</SUB> detonations. Purely plastic deformations of copper and stainless steel tubes are modeled by the Mie-Gruneisen EOS and the Johnson-Cook strength model. To precisely track the interface motion between the detonating gas and the deforming wall, we use the hybrid particle level-sets within the ghost fluid framework. The calculated results are compared with the theory and validated against the experimental data. The results on thin-walled tube response explain the process of generation and subsequent interaction of the expansion waves along the tube wall that may further complicate the detonative loading conditions within the tube.
Kim, H J,Oh, J S,An, S S,Pennant, W A,Gwak, S-J,Kim, A N,Han, P K,Yoon, D H,Kim, K N,Ha, Y Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012 Gene Therapy Vol.19 No.5
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine that stimulates the differentiation and function of hematopoietic cells. GM-CSF has been implicated in nervous system function. The goal of the present study was to understand the effects of hypoxia-induced GM-CSF on neural stem cells (NSCs) in a model of spinal cord injury (SCI). GM-CSF-overexpressing NSCs were engineered utilizing a hypoxia-inducible gene expression plasmid, including an Epo enhancer ahead of an SV promoter (EpoSV-GM-CSF). Cells were then subjected to hypoxia (pO<SUB>2</SUB>, 1%) or a hypoxia-mimicking reagent (CoCl<SUB>2</SUB>) in vitro. The progression of time of GM-CSF expression was tracked in EpoSV-GM-CSF-transfected NSCs. Overexpression of GM-CSF in undifferentiated and differentiated NSCs created resistance to H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced apoptosis in hypoxia. NSCs transfected with EpoSV-GM-CSF or SV-GM-CSF were transplanted into rats after SCI to assess the effect of GM-CSF on NSC survival and restoration of function. Moreover, a significantly higher amount of surviving NSCs and neuronal differentiation was observed in the EpoSV-GM-CSF-treated group. Significant improvement in locomotor function was also found in this group. Thus, GM-CSF overexpression by the Epo enhancer in hypoxia was beneficial to transplanted NSC survival and to behavioral improvement, pointing toward a possible role for GM-CSF in the treatment of SCI.
여대생의 에너지드링크 섭취 실태와 수면의 질에 관한 연구
윤수연,최영혜,강정아,곽민경,우수진,이유나,이연주,임해진,최하나 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the intake of energy drinks, sleep quality and relationship of intake of energy drinks and sleep quality among female university students in Seoul. Method: A survey was conducted among 250 female university students in Seoul, selected by convenience sampling method from 8 October to 15 October 2012. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, total, Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and independent t-test using the SPSS/WIN program. Result: Energy drink intake had a significant difference according to the Chi-square test (χ²=7.672, p=0.022). Drinking alcohol and energy drinks had a significant difference according to Chi-square test (χ²=4.255, p=0.039). Exercise and energy drink intake had a significant difference according to the Chi-square test (χ²=7.573, p=0.023). The mean sleep quality score was 38.5±8.2. Conclusion: Further research about the relationship between energy drinks intake and sleep quality is needed. Nurses, as educators, need to suggest the risks of energy drink intake and aid the students to adjust their amount of intake.
Agawane, G. L.,Shin, S. W.,Vanalakar, S. A.,Suryawanshi, M. P.,Moholkar, A. V.,Yun, J. H.,Gwak, J.,Kim, J. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2015 Journal of materials science Materials in electron Vol.26 No.3
<P>This study reports the preparation and characterization of CuZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films by a non-toxic sol-gel technique. The CZTS thin films were prepared on Molybdenum substrates and annealed in various atmospheres viz. N-2 gas, Sulphur (S) powder and H2S gas. The effects of various annealing atmospheres on the morphological, structural, compositional and optical properties of the CZTS thin films were investigated. The field emission scanning electron microscopy studies on the as-deposited CZTS thin film showed that the film consisted nanocrystalline CZTS grains while all the annealed films were highly compact, uniform, and that the thickness varied from 1,884 to 832 nm. The X-ray diffraction and Raman studies on the CZTS thin films showed formation of the kesterite structure without any secondary phases. All the CZTS thin films were nearly stoichiometric with slightly Zn rich composition which is favorable for a high photovoltaic performance of solar cells. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy study on all the CZTS thin films showed an asymmetric broad band emission. The direct band gap energy of the CZTS thin films was found to be between 1.3 and 1.6 eV, as confirmed by PL study. The S powder-annealed CZTS thin film was further used for the fabrication of a solar cell of structure SLG/Mo/CZTS/CdS/i-ZnO/AZO/Al grid. The best solar cell showed a short-circuit current density of 7.19 mA/cm(2), open-circuit voltage of 270 mV, fill factor of 39 % and power conversion efficiency of 0.77 % under air mass 1.5 (100 mW/cm(2)) illumination.</P>
Kang, H,Gwak, H S,Shin, S H,Woo, M K,Jeong, I H,Yoo, H,Kwon, J W,Lee, S H MacMillan Magazines 2017 Spinal cord Vol.55 No.10
<P>Conclusion: In cases of extramedullary spinal tumors, MEP shows a higher sensitivity than SSEP does. However, the monitoring rate of MEP in non-ambulatory patients was lower than that of SSEP. In those cases, SSEP can be useful to monitor for postoperative neurological deficits.</P>
Upper Limit of Radiation from Coalescence of Rotating Hayward Black Holes
Gwak, Bogeun,Gwak, B.,Kang, G.,Kim, C.,Kim, H.-C.,Lee, C.-H.,Lee, J.,Lee, S.,Lee, W. EDP Sciences 2018 The European Physical Journal Conferences Vol.168 No.-
<P>We review the upper limit of the gravitational radiation thermally allowed under the collision of two rotating Hayward black holes. The upper limit is dependent on the gravitational spin interaction between black holes and is useful to determine one of the parameters for consistency with Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) data.</P>