http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Shabina Yeasmin,Chul-Hawn Kim,J-Y Lee,M. I. Sheikh,H-J Park,S-H Kim,G-C Kim,J-W Kim 한국펄프·종이공학회 2011 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2011 No.4
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the different NaOH pretreatment concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%) on enzymatic saccharification (with cellulase, and β-glucosidase) and fermentation (by Saccharomyces cerevisiaeKCCM 11304) for bioethanol production from rice straw and rice husk. Pretreatment of rice straw and rice husk were conducted under both natural and powder state to observe the potentiality of the biomass condition (natural and powder state). In this study, glucose and ethanol production were increased with the increase of NaOH percentage for both rice straw and rice husk (natural and powder state). For rice straw, the highest amount of glucose was obtained in 1.00% NaOH pretreatment (0.81 g g?¹ in a natural, and 0.63 g g?¹ in a powder state pretreatment). Similarly, for rice husk, the highest amount of glucose was obtained in 1.00% NaOH pretreatment (0.47 g g?¹ in a natural, and 0.46 g g?¹ lin a powder state pretreatment). However, 0.75% NaOH pretreatment resulted in glucose yield near about 1.00% NaOH pretreatment for both rice straw and rice husk (natural and powder state). On the other hand, for rice straw, the highest amount of ethanol was obtained in 1.00% NaOH pretreatment (0.36 g g?¹ in a natural, and 0.31 g g?¹ in a powder state pretreatment). In addition, for rice husk, the highest amount of ethanol was also obtained in 1.00% NaOH pretreatment (0.24 g g?¹ in a natural, and 0.23 g g?¹ in a powder state pretreatment). Moreover, 0.75% NaOH pretreatment resulted in ethanol yield near about 1.00% NaOH pretreatment for both rice straw and rice husk (natural and powder state). It was confirmed that higher amount of NaOH use is cost effective. Moreover, higher amount of glucose and ethanol was observed when powder was prepared after pretreatment. So 0.75% NaOH pretreatment in a natural state is supposed to be suitable for enzymatic saccharification and fermentation for bioethanol production.
Lee, S J,Yang, J W,Cho, I J,Kim, W D,Cho, M K,Lee, C H,Kim, S G Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009 Oncogene Vol.28 No.9
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) plays a role in neoplastic transformation and transdifferentiation. Gα<SUB>12</SUB> and Gα<SUB>13</SUB>, referred to as the gep oncogenes, stimulate mitogenic pathways. Nonetheless, no information is available regarding their roles in the regulation of the TGFβ1 gene and the molecules linking them to gene transcription. Knockdown or knockout experiments using murine embryonic fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells indicated that a Gα<SUB>12</SUB> and Gα<SUB>13</SUB> deficiency reduced constitutive, auto-stimulatory or thrombin-inducible TGFβ1 gene expression. In contrast, transfection of activated mutants of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> and Gα<SUB>13</SUB> enabled the knockout cells to promote TGFβ1 induction. A promoter deletion analysis suggested that activating protein 1 (AP-1) plays a role in TGFβ1 gene transactivation, which was corroborated by the observation that a deficiency of the G-proteins decreased the AP-1 activity, whereas their activation enhanced it. Moreover, mutation of the AP-1-binding site abrogated the ability of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> and Gα<SUB>13</SUB> to induce the TGFβ1 gene. Transfection of a dominant-negative mutant of Rho or Rac, but not Cdc42, prevented gene transactivation and decreased AP-1 activity downstream of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> and Gα<SUB>13</SUB>. In summary, Gα<SUB>12</SUB> and Gα<SUB>13</SUB> regulate the expression of the TGFβ1 gene through an increase in Rho/Rac-dependent AP-1 activity, implying that the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-Gα<SUB>12</SUB> pathway is involved in the TGFβ1-mediated transdifferentiation process.Oncogene (2009) 28, 1230–1240; doi:10.1038/onc.2008.488; published online 19 January 2009
Yang, Y M,Lee, W H,Lee, C G,An, J,Kim, E-S,Kim, S H,Lee, S-K,Lee, C H,Dhanasekaran, D N,Moon, A,Hwang, S,Lee, S J,Park, J-W,Kim, K M,Kim, S G Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Oncogene Vol.34 No.22
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis owing to aggressive phenotype. Gα<SUB>12</SUB> gep oncogene product couples to G-protein-coupled receptors, whose ligand levels are frequently increased in tumor microenvironments. Here, we report Gα<SUB>12</SUB> overexpression in human HCC and the resultant induction of zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) as mediated by microRNA deregulation. Gα<SUB>12</SUB> expression was higher in HCC than surrounding non-tumorous tissue. Transfection of Huh7 cell with an activated mutant of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> (Gα<SUB>12</SUB>QL) deregulated microRNA (miRNA or miR)-200b/a/429, -194-2/192 and -194-1/215 clusters in the miRNome. cDNA microarray analyses disclosed the targets affected by Gα<SUB>12</SUB> gene knockout. An integrative network of miRNAs and mRNA changes enabled us to predict ZEB1 as a key molecule governed by Gα<SUB>12</SUB>. Decreases of miR-200a/b, -192 and -215 by Gα<SUB>12</SUB> caused ZEB1 induction. The ability of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> to decrease p53 levels, as a result of activating protein-1 (AP-1)/c-Jun-mediated mouse double minute 2 homolog induction, contributed to transcriptional deregulation of the miRNAs. Gα<SUB>12</SUB>QL induced ZEB1 and other epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers with fibroblastoid phenotype change. Consistently, transfection with miR-200b, -192 or -215 mimic prevented the ability of Gα<SUB>12</SUB>QL to increase tumor cell migration/invasion. In xenograft studies, sustained knockdown of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> decreased the overall growth rate and average volume of tumors derived from SK-Hep1 cell (mesenchymal-typed). In HCC patients, miR-192, -215 and/or -200a were deregulated with microvascular invasion or growth advantage. In the HCC samples with higher Gα<SUB>12</SUB> level, a correlation existed in the comparison of relative changes of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> and ZEB1. In conclusion, Gα<SUB>12</SUB> overexpressed in HCC causes ZEB1 induction by deregulating p53-responsive miRNAs, which may facilitate epithelial–mesenchymal transition and growth of liver tumor. These findings highlight the significance of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> upregulation in liver tumor progression, implicating Gα<SUB>12</SUB> as an attractive therapeutic target.
유병우(B.W. Ryu),한정만(J.M. Han),이동욱(D.W. Lee),이종달(J.D. Lee),이병희(B.H. Lee),최성욱(S.W. Choi),문건우(G.W. Moon) 전력전자학회 2009 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.1
최근 LCD 모니터, Note PC, 가정용 게임기, Mobile Phone, MP3 등의 소형 전자 제품의 사용이 증가함에 따라 이들 전자제품의 전원 공급에 필요한 다양한 AC/DC 어댑터가 요구된다. AC/DC 어댑터는 밀폐형의 구조를 가지므로, 열적인 문제 때문에 용량과 사이즈가 제한되어 왔다. 하지만 최근에는 소형전자제품의 용량이 점차 증가하고, 더불어 소비자의 휴대성 및 심미적 요구에 부응하기 위하여 소형 및 경량의 고밀도 AC/DC Adapter를 개발하여야 한다. 이를 위해서 높은 수준의 회로 설계 및 방열 기술이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 Laptop PC에 적용되는 85W급 AC/DC Adapter용 고밀도전원을 개발하고 실험으로 검증하였다.
Lee, S. Y.,Choi, J. E.,Jeon, H. S.,Hong, M. J.,Choi, Y. Y.,Kang, H. G.,Yoo, S. S.,Lee, E. B.,Jeong, J. Y.,Lee, W. K.,Lee, J.,Cha, S. I.,Kim, C. H.,Kim, Y. T.,Jheon, S.,Son, J. W.,Park, J. Y. Oxford University Press 2015 ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY Vol.26 No.6
<P>In this study, <I>KRT81</I> rs3660G>C was associated with survival of patients with NSCLC after surgical resection. Mechanistic study suggested that the G-to-C change caused reduced binding efficiency of miRNA, leading to decreased translational repression, thereby increased <I>KRT81</I> expression. The <I>KRT81</I> rs3660G>C may be a useful prognostic biomarker in early-stage NSCLC patients.</P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a key role in carcinogenesis through negative regulation of their target genes. Therefore, genetic variations in miRNAs or their target sites may affect miRNA–mRNA interactions, thereby result in altered expression of target genes. This study was conducted to investigate the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located in the miRNA target sites (poly-miRTSs) and survival of patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Using public SNP database and miRNA target sites prediction program, 354 poly-miRTSs were selected for genotyping. Among these, 154 SNPs applicable to Sequenom's MassARRAY platform were investigated in 357 patients. A replication study was carried out on an independent patient population (<I>n</I> = 479). <I>Renilla</I> luciferase assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were conducted to examine functional relevance of potentially functional poly-miRTSs.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Of the 154 SNPs analyzed in a discovery set, 14 SNPs were significantly associated with survival outcomes. Among these, <I>KRT81</I> rs3660G>C was found to be associated with survival outcomes in the validation cohort. In the combined analysis, patients with the rs3660 GC + CC genotype had a significantly better overall survival compared with those with GG genotype [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for OS, 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50–0.85; <I>P</I> = 0.001]. An increased expression of the reporter gene for the C allele of rs3660 compared with the G allele was observed by luciferase assay. Consistently, the C allele was associated with higher relative expression level of <I>KRT81</I> in tumor tissues.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>The rs3660G>C affects KRT81 expression and thus influences survival in early-stage NSCLC. The analysis of the rs3660G>C polymorphism may be useful to identify patients at high risk of a poor disease outcome.</P>
Fe-Co-W 소결체와 탄소강의 레이저 용융부 결함형성에 미치는 공정변수의 영향
김성욱(S. W. Kim),윤병현(B. H. Yoon),정우광(W. G. Jung),이창희(C. H. Lee) 한국레이저가공학회 2004 한국레이저가공학회지 Vol.7 No.3
This study was performed to clarification of the formation of weld discontinuities in the dissimilar laser fusion zone. Welding parameters were beam power of 1300, 1430, 1560, and 1700 W and travel speed of 1, 1.3, and 1.7 m/min. Most cavities in the fusion zone were observed near the tip. Cavities in the fusion zone observed to be formed and grown from pores in the tip. More cavities were formed as the beam position moves to the tip side. Small cavities were decreased but large cavities were increased when the energy input increased. W content in the fusion zone was increased with heat input and as the beam position close to the tip. In the fusion zone, W content in the dendrite boundary was increased with heat input. Considering the propagation path and fracture morphology, cracks were solidification cracking, and were initiated and propagated along the dendrite boundaries. The formation of cracks might be related with the W rich μ phase which was formed in the grain boundaries and dendrite boundaries.
황기현(G. H. Hwang),장원태(W. T Jang),심현준(H. J. Sim),김상일(S. I. Kim),이대석(D. S. Lee) 한국멀티미디어학회 2006 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
본 논문에서는 Tag 신호를 IEEE 802.11 통신 프로토콜을 통해서 데이터 및 영상처리가 가능한 PXA255 ARM 칩을 내장한 임베디드 RFID Reader/Writer 시스템과 전송된 Tag 신호를 이용하여 D/B를 검색한 후 이를 IEEE 802.11 통신 프로토콜 통해서 임베디드 시스템에 전송하는 임베다드 RFID R/W 미들웨어를 개발하였다. 개발한 임베디드 형태의 RFID R/W 시스템은 PXA255 ARM칩을 중심으로 13.56Mhz의 RFID Reader/Writer 서버와 데이터 통신을 위한 무선랜 및 TIT-LCD로 구성되어 있다. 임베디드 RFID R/W 시스템은 Tag 신호를 시리얼단자로 통해 입력받으면 이를 무선랜을 이용하여 서버로 데이터를 전송하고 다시 서버로부터 처리된 결과 이미지 데이터를 받아서 TFT-LCD화면에 표시한다. 임베디드 RFID R/W 미들웨어는 RFID R/W 취득한 Tag 신호를 임베디드 시스템에 전송하고, 임베디드 시스템은 클라이언트 소켓 프로그램을 작동시켜 IEEE 802.11 통신 프로토콜을 통해 윈도우 서버에 접속한 후 Tag 신호를 전송한다.