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Self-administration of an Analgesic Does Not Alleviate Pain in Beak Trimmed Chickens
Freire, Rafael,Glatz, Philip C.,Hinch, Geoff Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.3
Beak trimming in laying hens is a routine practice in which about 1/3-1/2 of the upper and lower beak is removed with the aim of reducing cannibalism. This experiment aimed to identify if this procedure causes pain by examining self-administration of an analgesic (carprofen) and pecking behaviour in 80 laying pullets beak-trimmed by two different methods at one day of age using hot-blade cauterisation or infra-red cauterisation. We also tested a control treatment, pullets with intact beaks, and a positive control treatment of pullets beak trimmed at 10 weeks of age which were expected to experience some pain due to recent severing of the underlying nerves in the beak. At 11 weeks of age birds trimmed at 10 weeks of age pecked more (p<0.001) gently ($0.6{\pm}0.06N$) at a disc attached to a force-displacement transducer than birds trimmed at 1 day of age with an infra-red machine ($0.9{\pm}0.1N$) or a hot blade ($1.1{\pm}0.07N$) and intact birds ($1.2{\pm}0.1N$). Maximum force of pecks recorded was also lower (p<0.001) in birds trimmed at 10 weeks of age than birds trimmed at 1 day of age with an infra-red method or a hot blade and intact birds. However, the pecking force in birds trimmed at 10 weeks of age was not increased by providing them with analgesic-treated feed, though birds that ate more carprofen had a higher maximum force of peck (p = 0.03). Pecking force in birds beak-trimmed at 1 day of age was the same as the pecking force of intact birds, and was unaffected by feeding pullets carprofen. A method of self-administration of an analgesic had previously revealed that chickens in neuromuscular pain arising from lameness consumed more of a feed containing carprofen than healthy chickens. However, we found no evidence that beak-trimmed pullets consumed more carprofen-treated feed than pullets with an intact beak. It should be noted that the three beak trimming methods resulted in an average 34% reduction in beak length, considered a light trim, and is perhaps not representative of commercial birds where greater portions of the beak are removed. We conclude that although carprofen has been reported to have an analgesic effect on neuromuscular pain in chickens, it appears to have no analgesic effect on potential neuropathic pain arising from the nerves severed by a light beak trim.
Leandro Freire dos Santos,Ana Lucia Zanatta,Vanete Thomaz Soccol,Maria Fernanda Torres,Sandro José Ribeiro Bonatto,Rosália Rubel,Carlos Ricardo Soccol 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.1
The ability of Pleurotus ostreatus biomass,cultived by submerged fermentation, to produce beneficial effect on lipid profile and macrophages activity during a high-fat diet (HFD) for a long-term intake was investigated. Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture to measure the plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density protein (LDL), high-density protein (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, urea– blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio of rats fed on an HFD for 4 months. Dosage of lipid hydroperoxides was carried out on methanolic extract of liver tissue. Peritoneal macrophages activity was evaluated in relation to the superoxide anion,hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production, phagocytosis and lysosomal volume. The administration of P. ostreatus significantly altered the lipid profile and oxidative stress as related to the LDL and triglycerides decrease and inhibitory effects on superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production. All findings of this study lead us to suggest that the P. ostreatus maybe a beneficial agent in the hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis treatments.
André Freire Cruz,Nathalia Lima Medeiros,Gustavo Lessa Benedet,Maira Borges Araújo,Carlos Hidemi Uesugi,Marisa Alvares da Silva Velloso Ferreira,José Ricardo Peixoto,Luiz Eduardo Bassay Blum 한국원예학회 2015 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.56 No.3
The control of anthracnose (Colletotrichum simmondsii) during the post-harvest stage in guava fruits (Psidium guajava L.) was performed by the application of phosphites [phosphite-K (40% P2O5 and 30% K2O) and phosphite-Ca (10.7% P2O5, 3.89% Ca, and 0.5% B)] including the Carbendazim as reference, calcium chloride (CaCl2), acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), hot water (HW), and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). These treatments were applied individually or in combination each other with two or three compounds. The evaluated parameters were diameter of anthracnose lesion (DL), number of lesions (NL), and fruit quality (fresh weight loss, pH, total soluble solids, and titrable acidity]. The fruits were disinfested, inoculated, and maintained in an incubator containing fluorescent lights at 75 μmol·m-2·s-1 (25°C, 12h photoperiod) for 5 days and were then analyzed. The results showed that the DL and the NL were reduced following treatments, and that the HW (47°C for 20 min) was the strongest and the 1-MCP treatment was the least effective. The physico-chemical characteristics of fruits were affected by some treatments without compromising fruit quality. The combination of treatments was also able to alleviate the anthracnose effect on fruits compared to individual treatments and the control without affect the fruit quality. The combinations which included the HW treatment showed the best performance to control this disease, particularly when combined with the 1-MCP and phosphite.
First Results of the Single Heartstring Aortotomy for Multiple Off-Pump Vein Grafts: A Case Series
Rafael Freire dos Santos,Lars Niclauss 대한흉부외과학회 2020 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.53 No.6
To validate the technique of the single Heartstring aortotomy for multiple off-pump ve- nous bypass grafts (described in 2015), the results of a 38-month follow-up study of 18 patients, including high-risk patients, are presented. No early deaths or cardiac or cerebral complications occurred. During the follow-up period, 2 patients died of non-cardiac caus- es, and 3 developed coronary ischemia. Ischemia occurred due to late graft occlusion in 2 patients, both of whom had normal postoperative courses and correct graft flow. The pres- ence of acute symptoms 24 months after surgery in these patients indicated that techni- cal graft failure was unlikely. This safe technique combines the advantages of simple and reproducible revascularization, the off-pump approach, and minimal aortic manipulation.
Strategies for Structural Transformation in South Asian Countries
Clovis Freire 서울대학교 경제연구소 2013 Seoul journal of economics Vol.26 No.3
Growth in South Asia has not resulted in structural transformation and increase of productive capacities. This paper presents a methodology to identify the opportunities for countries in South Asia to build their productive capacities and promote structural transformation through the emulation of the productive structure of more developed countries. The paper also discusses country-specific strategies that combine laissez-faire and strategic diversification approaches to facilitate the emergence of new economic activities that are more likely to increase the productive capacities in the country. In addition to its relevance to the formulation of inclusive development policies in South Asia, this paper contributes to the industrial policy literature by exploring the use of empirical data to verify the need for selective policies.
From Single to Many-Objective PID Controller Design using Particle Swarm Optimization
Hélio Freire,P. B. Moura Oliveira,E. J. Solteiro Pires 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2017 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.15 No.2
Proportional, integrative and derivative (PID) controllers are among the most used in industrial controlapplications. Classical PID controller design methodologies can be significantly improved by incorporatingrecent computational intelligence techniques. Two techniques based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithmsare proposed to design PI-PID controllers. Both control design methodologies are directed to optimizePI-PID controller gains using two degrees-of-freedom control configurations, subjected to frequency domain robustnessconstraints. The first technique proposes a single-objective PSO algorithm, to sequentially design a twodegrees-of-freedom control structure, considering the optimization of load disturbance rejection followed by setpointtracking optimization. The second technique proposes a many-objective PSO algorithm, to design a twodegrees-of-freedom control structure, considering simultaneously, the optimization of four different design criteria. In the many-objective case, the control engineer may select the most adequate solution among the resulting optimalPareto set. Simulation results are presented showing the effectiveness of the proposed PI-PID design techniques, incomparison with both classic and optimization based methods.
High food and oil prices and their impact on the achievement of MDG 1 in Asia and the Pacific
Clovis Freire,Alberto E. Isgut 연세대학교(미래캠퍼스) 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2011 地域發展硏究 Vol.20 No.1
This paper estimates the impact of the high food prices of 2010 on income poverty and the achievement of MDG 1 in Asia and the Pacific. It also estimates the impacts of high price during 2011 under various scenarios for the prices of food and oil. We find that although the high food prices of 2010 have not caused an increase in poverty in the region, they slowed down the rate of poverty reduction - the estimated number of poor decreased by 24.5 million people between 2009 and 2010, compared with 43.8 million people if staple food prices had not increased above domestic rates of inflation. By detailing the methodology and assumptions used to produce our estimates, the paper also highlights the need for broader and more open discussion on methodological issues to provide policymakers and poverty data users with a better understanding of the limitations of any such exercise.
Linear Viscoelastic Behaviour of Geogrids Interface within Bituminous Mixtures
Reuber Freire,Hervé Di Benedetto,Cédric Sauzéat,Simon Pouget,Didier Lesueur 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.6
Recently, the use of geogrids as bituminous pavements reinforcement has increased in pavements construction and rehabilitation,mainly to avoid reflective cracking. One major research topic is to characterize the mechanical behaviour of actual reinforcedpavement structures, from laboratory experimentation and take it into account for the design. This paper aims at presenting amethodology for the determination of the Interface Linear Viscoelastic (LVE) behaviour of specimens reinforced with geogrids. Thismethod is based on a tension-compression test on cylindrical sample, classically used for complex modulus tests. A geogrid producedby Texinov was glued with tack coat, which constitute the studied interface. This geogrid is composed by fiberglass filaments andpolyester veil, both coated with emulsion. Axial cyclic tests at controlled strain mode of loading (tension-compression) wereperformed on the same bituminous mixtures samples with and without geogrid. The experimental data was fitted using the 2 Springs,2 Parabolic Elements and 1 Dashpot (2S2P1D) model both for the mixtures and for the interface. The results indicate that theproposed methodology can successfully provide the interface LVE behaviour.