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Modeling shotcrete mix design using artificial neural network
Khan Muhammad,Noor Mohammad,Fazal Rehman 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2015 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.15 No.2
“Mortar or concrete pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface” is called Shotcrete. Models that predict shotcrete design parameters (e.g. compressive strength, slump etc) from any mixing proportions of admixtures could save considerable experimentation time consumed during trial and error based procedures. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been widely used for similar purposes; however, such models have been rarely applied on shotcrete design. In this study 19 samples of shotcrete test panels with varying quantities of water, steel fibers and silica fume were used to determine their slump, cost and compressive strength at different ages. A number of 3-layer Back propagation Neural Network (BPNN) models of different network architectures were used to train the network using 15 samples, while 4 samples were randomly chosen to validate the model. The predicted compressive strength from linear regression lacked accuracy with R2 value of 0.36. Whereas, outputs from 3-5-3 ANN architecture gave higher correlations of R2 = 0.99, 0.95 and 0.98 for compressive strength, cost and slump parameters of the training data and corresponding R2 values of 0.99, 0.99 and 0.90 for the validation dataset. Sensitivity analysis of output variables using ANN can unfold the nonlinear cause and effect relationship for otherwise obscure ANN model.
Muhammad Amir,Tahir Fazal,Javed Iqbal,Aamir Alaud Din,Ashfaq Ahmed,Asim Ali,Abdul Razzaq,Zulfiqar Ali,Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman,박영권 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.115 No.-
The expensive carbonaceous substrates including graphene, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubeshave been coupled with ZnO to improve the properties and photocatalytic performance of carbon basedZnO photocatalysts. To replace these expensive materials, biochar offers as a low-cost alternative to preparebiochar-based photocatalysts. In this study, Calotropis gigantea leaves derived biochar-ZnO (BC-ZnO)composites were synthesized to overcome the ZnO related problems (charge recombination, wider bandgap, and poor visible light absorption). Different BC-ZnO (BCZ-1–3) composites were characterized toevaluate their intrinsic properties and composites were employed to degrade ciprofloxacin (CIP). BCZ-3composite exhibited slower recombination of electron-hole pairs, lower band gap (2.97 eV), and betterlight absorption in visible region than ZnO. The enhanced adsorptive-photocatalytic degradation efficiencywas attained up to 98.5% using BCZ-3 than BC (46.2%) and ZnO (41.4%). The O2 and OH radicalswithin BCZ-3 are dominant reactive species indulged in CIP photocatalytic degradation. BCZ-3 photocatalystexhibits 80% degradation of CIP after four regeneration cycles. The maximum adsorption capacitywas achieved 54.18 mg g1 for BCZ-3 than BC (46.20 mg g1) and ZnO (15.55 mg g1). The results showthat BCZ-X composites can be used as stable, efficient, economical, and sustainable composite for therecovery of pharmaceutical wastewater.
Khalid Mahmood Zia,Shahid Adeel,Fazal-ur- Rehman,Habiba Aslam,Muhammad Kaleem Khosa,Mohammad Zuber 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.77 No.-
The current research presents the exploration of coloring potential of neem bark under the influence ofultrasonic treatment. It is found that good color strength is obtained when tannin from bark is extractedin acidified methanol medium and is used to dye irradiated cotton fabric. New shades and good ratings offastness were obtained when optimal fabric was mordanted with herbal biomolecules where excellentrating has been obtained after bio-mordanting the fabrics under optimal conditions. It is concluded thatUS treatment being green tool in natural dyeing has a great potential to isolate colorants from plantsources under mild conditions.
Current developments in esterification reaction: A review on process and parameters
Zarmeena Khan,Fahed Javed,Zufishan Shamair,Ainy Hafeez,Tahir Fazal,Ambreen Aslam,William B. Zimmerman,Fahad Rehman 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.103 No.-
Esters are among the highest volume of industrial organic compounds produced. They are frequentlyemployed in various domestic and industrial processes. Fischer esterification regarded as the most commonand widely practiced process of ester synthesis, faces serious limitations of low conversion and highreaction time attributed largely to establishment of equilibrium. Ester hydrolysis, reverse reaction toesterification, starts by supply of a byproduct- water. Several approaches have been developed to avoidequilibrium establishment and to improve overall conversion and rate of reaction, a significant differenceexists between the current industrial practices and optimum esterification process/conditions. In the currentreview, a critical analysis of esterification techniques is conducted. Catalytic, non-catalytic thermalesterification, enzymatic esterification, along with factors affecting their productivity are discussed indetail. The current barriers, future challenges and potential of the esterification technologies are analyzed. Based on the comprehensive-data analysis, a novel technology-based solution is proposed.