Further Study on Infectivity of Zoophilic and Anthropophilic Strains of Schistosoma Japanicum to Different Races of Oncomelania hupensis Snails

Lee, K.M.,Fan, P.C.,Wu, C.C.,Liu, C.Y. INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL MEDICINE YONSEI UNIVERSITY 1994 YONSEI REPORTS ON TROPICAL MEDICINE Vol.25 No.1

In the present study, Oncomelnia snails were collected from Chen-shan District of I-lan County, Pu-yen District of Chang-hua County, Chang-hu District of Yun-lin County, Pali District and A-li-lao of Taipei County, and Liu-kuei District of Kao-hsiung County. The Oncomelania snails from A-li-lao were infected with Hupei/China strain of Schistosoma japonicum (anthropophilic type). The remaining five races of Oncomelania snails were infected with Han-pao/Taiwan strain of S. japonicum (zoophilic type). Each snail was infected with five miracidia and examined six times after infection. Except for the snails from Liu-Kuei, those from the other five areas were found positive. The infection rate of the snails infected with the zoophilic strain of S. japonicum was the highest in those from Pa-li (42.9%), followed by Chang-Hu (38.4%), Pu-Yen (17.1%). and Chen-Shan (10%). The Oncomelania snails from A-li-lao infected with the anthropophilic strain of S. japonicum gave an infection rate of 53%. The snails from A-il-lao and Pa-li were O. hupensis chiui and those from the other four areas were O. hypensis formosana. In contrast to the order of infection rate. the size of the Chang-hua strain of O. h. formosana was the largest (6.3×2.9mm ) and the A-li-lao strain of O. h. chiui was the smallest (4.2×2.3mm). The Pa-li strain of O. h. chiui snails was middle size (4.8×2.7mm). The infection rate and the size of snails were turned out to be negatively correlated.

A Joint Control Strategy for Automobile Active Grille Shutter and Cooling Fan

Liu Chuanbo,Wang Zhengju,Fan Chaojie,Zhang Ruonan,Man Xingjia 한국자동차공학회 2021 International journal of automotive technology Vol.22 No.6

As an emerging technology improving fuel consumption, active grille shutter (AGS) has been applied in engine cooling system. For the reason of unreasonable matching method of grille opening and cooling fan, the problem of engine overcooling is widespread. As components with similar function of adjusting cooling air flow, the AGS and the cooling fan are separated from each other in parameter matching and operation which reduce cooling efficiency and fuel economy. To achieve precise cooling and improve fuel economy, a joint control strategy for AGS and cooling fan was proposed by using computational fluid dynamics. In order to verify the feasibility of the strategy, the fuel economy tests were carried out at 0 km/h, 90 km/h and 120 km/h, respectively. The results showed that the fuel consumption under the three working conditions was reduced by 0.01 L/ 100 km, 0.07 L/ 100 km and 0.13 L/ 100 km, respectively, indicating that the proposed strategy can significantly reduce fuel consumption.

An Empirical Study on Factors Influencing Brand Attitude and Customer Loyalty in China’s Smartphone Market

Liu Fan(판류),Jae-Young Moon(문재영) 한국콘텐츠학회 2015 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.15 No.9

중국 스마트폰 시장은 2010년 이후 지속적인 성장을 하고 있으며 2014년도 기준으로 스마트폰 이용자는 약 5억 2천만명에 이르고 있다. 따라서 많은 스마트폰 관련 기업들은 자신들의 고객을 관리하기 위하여 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 스마트폰 고객충성도에 영향을 미치는 브랜드 태도가 무엇인지를 중국 스마트폰 시장을 통해 알아보고자 한다. 이에 12개 가설을 이용하여 중국에서 삼성 스마트폰을 이용하는 사용자들을 대상으로 조사를 하였다. 그 결과 브랜드 충성도와 지각된 제품 품질이 고객충성도에 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 결과를 도출하였다. The China smartphone market saw continuous growth since 2010, with total smartphone users up to 5,190 million by the end of 2014. For marketers, it seems some careful consideration will be required when it comes to deciding on how to capture loyal customers to bring profit for a company. Thus, this study aims to develop a model to investigate the factors influencing customer loyalty through brand attitude in China’s smartphone market. Twelve research hypotheses derived from this model are validated using a field survey of Sumsung smartphone users in China. The results indicate that customer loyalty is jointly influenced by brand loyalty and perceived product quality. At the same time, critical mass and perceived product quality has a significant influence on brand image.

Enhancement on antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Brightwell blueberry by extraction and purification

Liu Haonan,Wu Han,Wang Ying,Wang Fan,Liu Xiaoli,Zhou Jianzhong 한국응용생명화학회 2021 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.64 No.6

A blueberry anthocyanin extract was obtained from Brightwell blueberry fruits cultivated in eastern China and the extraction and purification conditions were optimized. The components of the anthocyanin extract were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization interface-mass spectrometer. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the blueberry fruit supernatant (BFS), blueberry anthocyanin crude extract (BCE), and blueberry anthocyanin rich extract (BRE) were evaluated. The extraction yield was 1.79 ± 0.0014 mg/g under the following optimal conditions: 1:20 solid-to-liquid ratio (v/w), 24 h, 34 °C, and 90% ethanol containing 0.21% (v/v) hydrochloric acid. With regard to purification, anthocyanin purity increased 19.1-fold. Nine fractions were identified as the glycosides of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, and malvidin. The biological activities of the blueberry anthocyanin extract were improved through extraction and purification. Compared with BFS and BCE, BRE had a higher DPPH radical scavenging activity ( EC50 = 0.51 mg/mL), ABTS antioxidant capacity ( EC50 = 0.32 mg/mL), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (0.43 mmol Trolox/g). Furthermore, BRE (2 mg/mL) showed a maximum of 84.64 ± 0.35% reduction in the biofilm biomass of Listeria monocytogenes and the inhibition zone given by BRE against Escherichia coli was 16.04 ± 0.38 mm. BRE showed the highest antioxidant capacities and obvious antibacterial effects against foodrelated microorganisms than the other samples. Therefore, BRE can be used as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent and has potential health advantages and food industry applications.

Two 3D CdII and ZnII Complexes Based on Flexible Dicarboxylate Ligand and Nitrogen-containing Pillar: Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescent Properties

Liu Liu,Yan-hua Fan,Lan-zhi Wu,Huai-min Zhang,Li-rong Yang 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.12

Two 3D isomorphous and isostructural complexes, namely, [Zn(BDOA)(bpy)(H2O)2]n (1) and [Cd(BDOA)- (bpy)(H2O)2]n (2); (BDOA = Benzene-1,4-dioxyacetic acid, bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by means of elemental analyses, thermogravimetric (TG), infrared spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes 1 and 2 crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P-1 and each metal ion in the complexes are six-coordinated with the same coordination environment. In the as-synthesized complexes, BDOA2− anions link central metal ions to form a 1D zigzag chain [-BDOA2− -Zn(Cd)-BDOA2−-Zn(Cd)-]∞, whereas bpy pillars connect metal ions to generate a 1D linear chain [-bpy- Zn(Cd)-bpy-Zn(Cd)-]∞. Both infinite chains are interweaved into 2D grid-like layers which are further constructed into a 3D open framework, where hydrogen bonds play as the bridges between the adjacent 2D layers. Luminescent properties of complex 1 showed selectivity for Hg2+ ion.

Correction method for calculating junction temperature considering parasitic effects in SiC MOSFETs

Fan Liu,Mingxing Du,Jinliang Yin,Chao Dong,Ziwei Ouyang 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.4

The turn-on change rate of drain current diDS(on)/dt is an electrical parameter that is suitable for the online monitoring of junction temperature in SiC MOSFETs. In practical applications, the change of an external circuit changes the temperature-sensitive characteristic of diDS(on)/dt. In this paper, a SiC MOSFET in a Buck converter is taken as the research object. First, it is theoretically derived and experimentally verified that the power loop inductance and drive loop resistance are parasitic parameters that affect the temperaturesensitive characteristic of diDS(on)/dt. Second, according to the spectrum peak characteristics caused by the drain–source turn-off oscillation voltage of the SiC MOSFET, the theoretical relationship between the diDS(on)/dt temperature-sensitive characteristic and the peak of the drain–source turn-off oscillation voltage is studied. It is concluded that the spectrum peak can reflect the change of the diDS(on)/dt temperature-sensitive characteristic caused by the change of the parasitic parameters. Based on the above research, a model of a modified diDS(on)/dt temperature-sensitive characteristic considering parasitic effect is established in this paper. Through experimental verification, this model can largely eliminate the junction temperature monitoring error caused by the change of the external circuit.

Improved Stability of Aluminum Foam Through Heat Treatment of Foamable Precursor

Fan Deng,Yanqiang Liu,Xuehan Lu,Jianzhong Fan 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.10

Foam stability, characterized by the dynamics of foam expansion and decay, is essential for producing aluminum foam. While, the stability is often difficult to control. In present study, the heat treatment of foamable precursor was applied toimprove the foam stability via the powder route. Interestingly, both process of foam expansion and decay were remarkablyslow down after heat treatment. The time to achieve peak expansion was prolonged to 2.38 times, and the time span frompeak expansion to obvious drainage and collapse happening increased to 6 times. The enhanced stability is thought to relateto the oxide-flakes on the cell face caused by heat treatment.

Recovery of Native Protein from Potato Root Water by Expanded Bed Adsorption with Amberlite XAD7HP

Fan-Kui Zeng,Hong Liu,Peng-Jun Ma,Gang Liu 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.5

Potato root water (PRW) contains ~1.5%protein. In this study, expanded bed adsorption (EBA)chromatography with Amberlite XAD7HP resin adsorbent was used to isolate native protein from crude PRW. The optimal pH and ionic strength for potato protein binding onto Amberlite XAD7HP were 5.0 and 20 mmol/L. The EBA-refined proteins were dried by vacuum freeze drying and spray drying at varying outlet temperatures. Results indicated that low temperature spray drying was the most cost effective method with respect to retaining protease inhibitor activities. The dried protein concentrates appeared bright yellow or dark reddish brown, with a total glycoalkaloid content of ~170 μg/g. The protease inhibitor activity was ~400 mg/g and 11 ~ 12 mg/g for trypsin inhibition and chymotrypsin inhibition, respectively. The results presented here suggest that EBA using Amberlite XAD7HP as the adsorbent is a feasible strategy for the direct adsorption of native protein from crude PRW.

Effect of Cu on Pore Structure of Al–Si Foam

Fan Deng,Jianzhong Fan,Yanqiang Liu,Xuehan Lu,Shaohua Wei,Junhui Nie 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.12

The alloy composition is an important factor effecting the pore structure of aluminum foam. In this paper, the powder compactfoaming method was used, and different content of Cu element powders were added to the alloy Al–9Si, for investigatingthe effect of alloying element on foaming process. With the Cu content of Al–Si–Cu alloy increasing, the expansion ratio isincreased, the time required to reach maximum expansion is shortened, and the number of fissure-like pores at early foamingstage is decreased. This improving action is related to the higher volume fraction of liquid phase in same melting temperaturecaused by increasing Cu content in alloy. Comparing different Al–Si–Cu alloys with different Cu content at same expansionratio, the higher Cu content, the smaller pore size and the thinner cell wall. This beneficial effect on pore structure is attributedto the addition of Cu that is benefit to increasing the viscosity of Al–Si–Cu alloy during foaming. And at same expansionrate, the more content of Cu in Al–Si–Cu alloy, the higher compressive strength of aluminum foam.

A short-term supranutritional vitamin E supplementation alleviated respiratory alkalosis but did not reduce oxidative stress in heat stressed pigs

Fan Liu,Pietro Celi,Surinder Singh Chauhan,Jeremy James Cottrell,Brian Joseph Leury,Frank Rowland Dunshea 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.2

Objective: Heat stress (HS) triggers oxidative stress and respiratory alkalosis in pigs. The objective of this experiment was to study whether a short-term supranutritional amount of dietary vitamin E (VE) can mitigate oxidative stress and respiratory alkalosis in heat-stressed pigs. Methods: A total of 24 pigs were given either a control diet (17 IU/kg VE) or a high VE (200 IU/kg VE; HiVE) diet for 14 d, then exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 20°C, 45% humidity) or HS (35°C, 35% to 45% humidity, 8 h daily) conditions for 7 d. Respiration rate and rectal temperature were measured three times daily during the thermal exposure. Blood gas variables and oxidative stress markers were studied in blood samples collected on d 7. Results: Although HiVE diet did not affect the elevated rectal temperature or respiration rate observed during HS, it alleviated (all p<0.05 for diet×temperature) the loss of blood CO2 partial pressure and bicarbonate, as well as the increase in blood pH in the heat-stressed pigs. The HS reduced (p = 0.003) plasma biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and tended to increase (p = 0.067) advanced oxidized protein products (AOPP) in the heat-stressed pigs, suggesting HS triggers oxidative stress. The HiVE diet did not affect plasma BAP or AOPP. Only under TN conditions the HiVE diet reduced the plasma reactive oxygen metabolites (p<0.05 for diet× temperature). Conclusion: A short-term supplementation with 200 IU/kg VE partially alleviated respiratory alkalosis but did not reduce oxidative stress in heat-stressed pigs.