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Ko, Eun Yi,Park, Gi Eun,Lee, Ji Hyung,Kim, Hyung Jong,Lee, Dae Hee,Ahn, Hyungju,Uddin, Mohammad Afsar,Woo, Han Young,Cho, Min Ju,Choi, Dong Hoon American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.10
<P>New small molecules having modified acceptor strength and pi-conjugation length and containing dicyanovinylene (DCV) and tricyanovinylene (TCV) as a strongly electron-accepting unit with indacenodithiophene, IDT(DCV)(2), IDT(TCV)(2), and IDTT(TCV)(2), were synthesized and studied in terms of their applicability to polymer solar cells with PTB7-Th as an electron-donating polymer. Intriguingly, the blended films containing IDT(TCV)(2) and IDTT(TCV)(2) exhibited superior shelf life stabilities of more than 1000 h without any reduction in the initial power conversion efficiency. The low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels and robust internal morphologies of small TCV-containing molecules could afford excellent shelf life stability.</P>
Ko, Eun-Yi,Cho, Su-Hyeon,Kwon, Seung-Hae,Eom, Chi-Yong,Jeong, Myeong Seon,Lee, WonWoo,Kim, Seo-Young,Heo, Soo-Jin,Ahn, Ginnae,Lee, Kang Pa,Jeon, You-Jin,Kim, Kil-Nam Elsevier 2017 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.68 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-κB on inflammation induction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated zebrafish embryos were evaluated using N-acetyl-<SMALL>L</SMALL>-cysteine (NAC) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), specific inhibitors of ROS and NF-κB, respectively. LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos showed increasing production of NO and ROS and expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein, compared to a control group without LPS. However, NAC significantly inhibited production of NO and ROS and markedly suppressed expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein in LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos. The mRNA expressions of NF-κB such as p65NF-κB and IκB-A were significantly increased after LPS stimulation, whereas PDTC attenuated mRNA expression of NF-κB. PDTC also inhibited production of NO and reduced expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein in LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos. Taken together, these results indicated that LPS increases pro-inflammatory mediators in zebrafish embryos through ROS and NF-κB regulation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We confirmed the roles of ROS and NF-κB in LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos. </LI> <LI> We employed NAC and PDTC, which are specific inhibitors of ROS and NF-kB. </LI> <LI> NAC inhibited LPS-induced NO and ROS production and iNOS and COX-2 expression. </LI> <LI> PDTC also inhibited LPS-induced NO production and iNOS and COX-2 expression. </LI> <LI> PDTC significantly inhibited LPS-induced increases in the mRNA expression of NF-κB. </LI> </UL> </P>
Ko, Eun-Yi,Heo, Soo-Jin,Cho, Su-Hyeon,Lee, WonWoo,Kim, Seo-Young,Yang, Hye-Won,Ahn, Ginnae,Cha, Seon-Heui,Kwon, Seung-Hae,Jeong, Myeong Seon,Lee, Kang Pa,Jeon, You-Jin,Kim, Kil-Nam Elsevier 2019 INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY Vol.67 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The anti-inflammatory effects of 3‑bromo‑5‑(ethoxymethyl)‑1,2‑benzenediol (BEMB) from <I>Polysiphonia morrowii</I> were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish embryo. BEMB showed anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish embryo without cytotoxicity. Moreover, BEMB suppressed the protein and mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65 and inhibitor of NF-κB [IκB]-A) in RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish embryo, respectively. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that BEMB suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS, and COX-2 as well as their regulation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish embryos by inhibiting ROS production and NF-κB expression. Therefore, this study suggests that BEMB could be a potential anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> 3‑Bromo‑5‑(ethoxymethyl)‑1,2‑benzenediol (BEMB) was isolated from <I>Polysiphonia morrowii</I>. </LI> <LI> BEMB inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators production in RAW264.7 cells. </LI> <LI> BEMB also inhibited pro-inflammatory mediators production in zebrafish embryos. </LI> <LI> Anti-inflammatory effect of BEMB by regulating ROS and NF-κB <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. </LI> </UL> </P>
Eun-Yi Ko,Joo Choi,Jun-Yong Park,손일 대한금속·재료학회 2014 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.20 No.1
An inverted water-cooled multi-mold continuous casting simulator was used to investigate initial solidifica-tion of low-carbon steels and crystallization of mold flux. Embedded mold thermocouples showed charac-teristic temperature profiles dependent on parameters including casting speed, oscillation frequency, and stroke. Higher maximum temperatures for thermocouples at higher casting speeds, higher frequencies, and lowerstroke lengths were observed. The surface of the as-cast steel strips showed oscillation marks similar tothose of industrially cast slabs and higher casting speeds resulted in shallower oscillation marks. The measuredpitch agreed well with the theoretical pitch suggesting the multi-mold simulator to be a cost-effective alterna-tive to pursue fundamental studies on initial solidification in the mold. Analysis of the mold flux takenbetween the copper mold and solidified steel shell showed highly dendritic uni-directional crystallizationoccurring within the flux film suggesting that the heat transfer direction is dominantly horizontal towardsthe water-cooled copper mold. In addition, the solidified flux located at the upper to lower part of themold suggested morphological differences in the size and shape of the crystalline phases indicating thatcrystallization ratio can increase depending upon the retention in the mold and subsequently decrease radi-ative heat transfer as the flux traverses down the mold.
초등 저학년 아동의 언어학적 단위(단어/문장)에 따른 철자 쓰기 발달 특성
고은이(Eun Yi Ko),신명선(Myungsun Shin),김미배(Mibae Kim) 한국언어청각임상학회 2020 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.25 No.2
배경 및 목적: 초등 저학년(1-3학년) 일반 아동을 대상으로 학년별 단어와 문장 수준의 받아쓰기 과제를 통해 철자 쓰기 정확률 및 오류 유형에 따른 철자 쓰기 특성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: 초등 1-3학년(각 학년별 20명) 일반 아동 총 60명을 대상으로 하였다. 철자 쓰기 검사 도구는 2017년, 2018년 개정 교과서와 실제 학교 현장에서 사용되고 있는 1-3학년 받아쓰기 급수표를 기반으로 단어 수준 과제에서 실시한 낱말을 문장 수준에 포함되도록 구성하였다. 결과: 첫째, 단어 수준 과제 정확률이 문장 수준 과제의 전체 어절 정확률보다 유의하게 낮았고, 단어 수준 과제와 문장 수준 과제의 목표 낱말 정확률은 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 모든 학년에서 표기 처리 오류, 형태 처리 오류, 음운 처리 오류 순으로 높았고, 단어 수준, 문장 수준 모두 표기 처리 오류, 형태 처리 오류, 음운 처리 오류 순으로 높게 나타나 오류 특성이 유사하였다. 논의 및 결론: 철자 쓰기 발달이 초등 저학년 시기에 활발하게 이루어는 중요한 능력임을 확인하였다. 따라서 임상현장에서 철자 쓰기에 어려움이 있는 아동들의 평가 및 중재 시에 학년별 쓰기 발달 특성을 고려하여 효율적인 쓰기 지도가 이루어지기를 기대한다. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of spelling and types of errors through grade-level word and sentence dictation tasks for general children in lower grade elementary school (grades 1-3). Methods: The subjects of this study were 60 TD children in grades 1 to 3 (20 students in each grade) from elementary schools. The spelling test was constructed to include words implemented in word-level tasks at the sentence level based on textbooks revised in 2017 and 2018 that were being used in grades 1 to 3 used in actual school sites. Results: First, The spelling accuracy at the word level was significantly lower than the whole word segment accuracy at the sentence level. There was no significant difference between task types in the accuracy at the word level and the target word for the sentence level. Second, All grades showed orthographic errors, morphological errors, and phonological errors. When analyzed according to task types, the error level was similar at the word and sentence level in the order of orthographic errors, morphological errors, and phonological errors. Conclusion: Spelling ability is active in the lower grade of elementary school, confirming that it is an important ability to develop during this period. Therefore, if writing grade characteristics are considered in the evaluation and setting of intervention goals for children who have difficulty spelling, this suggests that a positive writing instruction is achieved.