김억의 세계문학 지향 (1) : 岸曙 문학의 내재적 논리를 찾아서

김연경(Elizabeth Yeonkyung Kim ; 金延暻) 우리문학회 2013 우리文學硏究 Vol.0 No.40

기존의 김억 연구는 1925년 이후 김억의 문학이 서구문학에서 민족문학으로 전환하였다는 일종의 ‘방향전환설’을 기정사실화 했다. 이 연구에서는 그러한 방향전환설에 문제를 제기하고 김억의 문학을 관통하는 것이 서양과 동양이라는 이분법적 구도가 아님을 보여주고자 하였다. 이렇게 될 김억의 문학적 궤적에서 방향전환은 없었으며, ‘세계문학’을 추구하기 위해 단일한 방향으로 나아갔음을 확인할 수 있을 것이다. 김억에게 ‘세계문학’은 그 자체가 하나의 방법론이었고, 그러한 내적 논리 속에서 일관된 궤적을 보이고 있음을 증명하고자 한다. 김억은 세계문학과 조선문학의 밀접한 관계 사이의 긴장을 충분히 인식하고, ‘보편’과 ‘특수’ 혹은 세계문학과 조선문학이라는 함의를 치열하게 고민한 문인이었다. 약소국가였던 조선의 현실에서 김억이 생각할 수 있는 세계문학의 방법은 제한적일 수밖에 없었지만, 끊임없이 이분법을 교란시켜 하나로 통합시키려는 노력을 보였다. 그러한 노력 속에서 구체적인 성과를 거둘 수 없었다고 하더라도 김억은 아직 도래하지 않은 미래의 세계문학을 추구해왔다. 이것을 가능케 하는 것은 바로 국제공통어 에스페란토어였다. 그가 꿈꾼 세계 문학이란 에스페란토어를 통해 他민족들과 향유될 수 있는 것이었으며, 모든 나라를 포괄하는 것이었으며, 민족문학을 배제하는 것이 아니라 동반하는 것이었다. This paper proposes to interpret Kim Ŏk primarily from the perspective of world literature. This way, Kim Ŏk, heretofore understood as a writer that had taken a literary ‘shift’ in 1925-from his previously Western-style works to those works realizing the ideology of the 1920’s national literature movement-can be understood within an internal logic, instead of the binary opposition of the West vs. East, and the modern vs. traditional. This internal logic is ‘world literature,’ which stands on the well-known premise that ‘world literature’ and ‘national literature,’ like two sides of a coin, are two concepts in a mutually reinforcing, dynamical relationship that subsumes the works of Kim Ŏk in one large frame. Here, the former is usually identified as the ‘universal,’ and the latter, the ‘particular.’ This is to say that, Kim Ŏk, despite his repertoire of seemingly contrasting works, had been aiming for the same ultimate purpose consistently throughout his literary life, namely the ideology of world literature. Indeed, evidence found in his theories and criticisms calls for a new understanding of Kim Ŏk as a writer whose primary literary orientation was ‘world literature.’ The reason why he had devoted much of his career to advocating Esperanto and conducting translations, then, also comes to make sense in this new perspective. While much can be said about the idealistic picture of world literature which he dreamt of and carefully planned to carry out, it will suffice to point out that, most importantly, this picture of world literature was one of a model inclusive of national literature.

Phylogenetic analysis of two <i>Plectus</i> mitochondrial genomes (Nematoda: Plectida) supports a sister group relationship between Plectida and Rhabditida within Chromadorea

Kim, Jiyeon,Kern, Elizabeth,Kim, Taeho,Sim, Mikang,Kim, Jaebum,Kim, Yuseob,Park, Chungoo,Nadler, Steven A.,Park, Joong-Ki Elsevier 2017 Molecular phylogenetics and evolution Vol.107 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Plectida is an important nematode order with species that occupy many different biological niches. The order includes free-living aquatic and soil-dwelling species, but its phylogenetic position has remained uncertain. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of two members of this order, <I>Plectus acuminatus</I> and <I>Plectus aquatilis</I> and compared them with those of other major nematode clades. The genome size and base composition of these species are similar to other nematodes; 14,831 and 14,372bp, respectively, with AT contents of 71.0% and 70.1%. Gene content was also similar to other nematodes, but gene order and coding direction of <I>Plectus</I> mtDNAs were dissimilar from other chromadorean species. <I>P. acuminatus</I> and <I>P. aquatilis</I> are the first chromadorean species found to contain a gene inversion. We reconstructed mitochondrial genome phylogenetic trees using nucleotide and amino acid datasets from 87 nematodes that represent major nematode clades, including the <I>Plectus</I> sequences. Trees from phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods depicted Plectida as the sister group to other sequenced chromadorean nematodes. This finding is consistent with several phylogenetic results based on SSU rDNA, but disagrees with a classification based on morphology. Mitogenomes representing other basal chromadorean groups (Araeolaimida, Monhysterida, Desmodorida, Chromadorida) are needed to confirm their phylogenetic relationships.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The phylogenetic position of Plectida within Chromadorea (Nematoda) remains uncertain. </LI> <LI> We determined two new mitochondrial genome sequences of <I>Plectus</I>, the first representatives of the order Plectida. </LI> <LI> Mitochondrial genome trees depicted Plectida as the sister group to all other chromadorean nematodes (Rhabditida). </LI> <LI> The mitochondrial gene arrangement of <I>Plectus</I> is unique, and has no shared gene clusters with other chromadorean members. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Evaluation of the Measurement Properties of Self-reported Medication Adherence Instruments Among People at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome : A Systematic Review

Kim, Chun-Ja,Schlenk, Elizabeth A.,Ahn, Jeong-Ah,Kim, Moonsun,Park, Eunyoung,Park, JeeWon SAGE Publications 2016 The Diabetes educator Vol.42 No.5

<P>Purpose The purpose of this study was to present a systematic review of available published studies that evaluated the measurement properties of self-reported instruments assessing global medication adherence in adults at risk for metabolic syndrome. Methods The authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL in January 2015 for appropriate studies. The methodological quality (based on reliability, validity, responsiveness, and interpretability) of selected studies was assessed with the COSMIN checklist (Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments). Results Of the 44 studies reviewed, 32 used classical test theory, and 14 used self-reported medication adherence instruments. More than half the studies included patients with hypertension, followed by diabetes, dyslipidemia, and increased body mass index. Among the measurement properties, internal consistency, hypothesis testing, and structural validity were frequently assessed items, whereas only 1 study evaluated responsiveness, and none evaluated measurement error. The MMAS-8 (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 items) and the Hill-Bone scale were the most frequently used instruments. They were found to be well validated, with strong evidence for internal consistency and strong positive evidence for reliability, structural validity, hypothesis testing, and criterion validity. Conclusions The MMAS-8 and Hill-Bone scale seem to be well-validated instruments for assessing medication adherence in adults at risk for metabolic syndrome. These findings may assist clinicians with selecting the appropriate instruments for assessing medication adherence in this population. However, further studies might be needed to define concepts to better understand the dimensions of each medication adherence instrument.</P>

Motivating people to sustain healthy lifestyles using persuasive technology: A pilot study of Korean Americans with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

Kim, Miyong T.,Kim, Kim Byeng,Nguyen, Tam H.,Ko, Jisook,Zabora, Jim,Jacobs, Elizabeth,Levine, David Elsevier 2019 Patient education and counseling Vol.102 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>To test the efficacy of a hybrid model of the self-help intervention program (hSHIP), which combines a mobile version of SHIP (mSHIP) and personal coaching, to address unique cultural and motivational factors for optimal self-management of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes among Korean Americans (KAs).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A single-group feasibility study design was used. The hSHIP utilizes texts and motivational counseling based on well-tested intervention content for KAs. To facilitate the dissemination of hSHIP, we developed a web application adopting the principles of persuasive technology to motivate behavior changes.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Feasibility assessment found that hSHIP was well accepted by both participants and community health workers who delivered the intervention. An average of 1.3% A1C reduction (from 7.8% to 6.5%) was achieved by KAs with diabetes (n = 165), 51.5% of whom lowered their A1C below 6.5% in 6-months. No one with prediabetes (n = 50) progressed to diabetes. Other clinical outcomes (e.g., weight, depression, and blood pressure) also improved significantly; 41.2% were able to reduce or discontinue antidiabetic drugs.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>The feasibility and initial efficacy of hSHIP were demonstrated.</P> <P><B>Practice implication</B></P> <P>This hybrid diabetes self-management model is a viable tool for traditionally underserved groups with diabetes or prediabetes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We tested feasibility of a hybrid diabetes care model in an ethnic minority group. </LI> <LI> Our model combined a digital touch of mHealth and a human touch of CHWs. </LI> <LI> About a half (51.5%) lowered their hemoglobin A1C below 6.5% in 6 months. </LI> <LI> Many (41.2%) stopped/reduced antidiabetic drugs but still managed their diabetes. </LI> <LI> Weight, depression and blood pressure were also significantly improved. </LI> </UL> </P>

Investigating Young Korean EFL Learners' Perception of Group Work in Learning English

Elizabeth Gyuree Kim,SuKyung Chin 한국초등영어교육학회 2022 초등영어교육 Vol.28 No.4

The present study examines young Korean EFL learners' perspective of group work to discover more effective approaches in designing groups. Twenty-four Korean EFL elementary grade 5 students participated in this study. Students’ perceptions of group work were surveyed before and after they participated in a reading discussion program over a 4-month period. The result of the questionnaire showed students with Grade Level proficiency responded mostly positively to group work, felt more confident using English, and enjoyed engaging in group work. The students who were Below or Above Grade Level provided less positive responses after the 4-month period, especially the students with Below Grade Level proficiency. The result also showed that regardless of the students’ proficiency levels, factors such as assigning individual roles in groups, training and reminding the purpose of group work, and designing appropriate tasks affected the group dynamics, which ultimately influenced how the students perceived group work.

Effects of Age and Gender during Three Lingual Tasks on Peak Lingual Pressures in Healthy Adults

Elizabeth(Elizabeth Rachel Oommen),Youngsun Kim 한국언어재활사협회 2018 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.3 No.2

Purpose: This study examined the effects of age and gender during three intra-oral lingual tasks (elevation, protrusion, and depression) on peak lingual pressure in healthy adults. Methods: Healthy adults were divided into groups based on age, young (18 to 35 years) and older (>60 years) adults, and gender. All the 49 participants completed maximum isometric pressure intraoral lingual tasks (elevation, protrusion, and depression) and peak anterior lingual pressures were recorded using the three-bulb tongue array of the Digital Swallowing WorkstationTM. Peak lingual strength was recorded as the average of peak lingual pressures of the three trials for each lingual task. A three-way ANOVA, where the independent variables were age, gender, and lingual task, was conducted to determine the effects on the dependent variable, peak lingual pressure. Results: Younger adults were found to exhibit significantly greater peak lingual pressure when compared to older healthy individuals, while no differences in peak lingual pressures were observed between men and women. Among the three intraoral lingual tasks, peak lingual pressures were highest during lingual depression and least during lingual protrusion. Conclusions: The effects of age, gender, and lingual task on peak anterior lingual pressure, and the applicability of such lingual tasks in lingual strengthening exercises are discussed.

Effects of modulators of AMP-activated protein kinase on TASK-1/3 and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in rat carotid body glomus cells.

Kim, Donghee,Kang, Dawon,Martin, Elizabeth A,Kim, Insook,Carroll, John L Elsevier Science 2014 Respiratory physiology & neurobiology Vol.195 No.-

<P>Acute hypoxia depolarizes carotid body chemoreceptor (glomus) cells and elevates intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). Recent studies suggest that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates these effects of hypoxia by inhibiting the background K(+) channels such as TASK. Here we studied the effects of modulators of AMPK on TASK activity in cell-attached patches. Activators of AMPK (1mM AICAR and 0.1-0.5mM A769662) did not inhibit TASK activity or cause depolarization during acute (10min) or prolonged (2-3h) exposure. Hypoxia inhibited TASK activity by 70% in cells pretreated with AICAR or A769662. Both AICAR and A769662 (15-40min) failed to increase [Ca(2+)]i in glomus cells. Compound C (40μM), an inhibitor of AMPK, showed no effect on hypoxia-induced inhibition of TASK. AICAR and A769662 phosphorylated AMPKα in PC12 cells, and Compound C blocked the phosphorylation. Our results suggest that AMPK does not affect TASK activity and is not involved in hypoxia-induced elevation of intracellular [Ca(2+)] in isolated rat carotid body glomus cells.</P>

접선으로서의 번역 —윤고은 소설 『밤의 여행자들』의 영역본 『The Disaster Tourist』를 중심으로 본 한국문학 번역의 현주소 분석과 미래를 위한 제언

김연경(Elizabeth Yeonkyung Kim) 한국현대문학회 2023 한국현대문학연구 Vol.- No.70

Cross-Cultural Validation of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale in Korean Adults Taking Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

Chun-Ja Kim,Elizabeth A. Schlenk,Eunyoung Park,Moonsun Kim 한국간호과학회 2015 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube-Embedded Lithium Cobalt Phosphate Composites with Reduced Resistance for High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries

Tae Kyoung Kim,Cyrus S. Rustomji,Hyung-Man Cho,Dongwon Chun,Jae-Young Jung,Elizabeth Caldwell,Youngjin Kim,한준현,진성호 대한금속·재료학회 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.1

Lithium cobalt phosphate (LCP) is a high-voltage cathode material used in highenergy-density lithium-ion batteries. With a novel composite synthesis method,multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-embedded LCP nanocomposites (LCPCNTcomposites) are synthesized to enhance the electrical conductance of LCPparticles, reducing charge-transfer resistance. The LCP-CNT composites withenhanced electrical conductance approximately doubled cell capacity compared toa cell with a bare LCP cathode. The crystal structure of LCP-CNT compositeparticles is characterized by X-ray diffraction; the microstructures of theembedded MWCNTs inside LCP particles are confirmed by transmission andscanning electron microscopy with focused ion beam procedures. Electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy shows the charge-transfer resistance of the cell with theLCP-CNT composite (1.0 wt. % CNT) cathode decreases to ~80 Ω, much smallerthan the ~150 Ω charge-transfer resistance of the bare-LCP cathode cell. Based onbattery test and impedance analysis, the main factors affecting the capacityincrement are the reduced charge transfer resistance and the uniform distributionof MWCNTs, which is formed during the gelation step of the LCP synthesisprocedure.