Channel Clustering and QoS Level Identification Scheme for Multi-Channel Cognitive Radio Networks

Ali, Amjad,Yaqoob, Ibrar,Ahmed, Ejaz,Imran, Muhammad,Kwak, Kyung Sup,Ahmad, Adnan,Hussain, Syed Asad,Ali, Zulfiqar IEEE 2018 IEEE communications magazine Vol.56 No.4

<P>The increasing popularity of wireless services and devices necessitates high bandwidth requirements; however, spectrum resources are not only limited but also heavily underutilized. Multiple license channels that support the same levels of QoS are desirable to resolve the problems posed by the scarcity and inefficient use of spectrum resources in multi-channel cognitive radio networks (MCRNs). One reason is that multimedia services and applications have distinct, stringent QoS requirements. However, due to a lack of coordination between primary and secondary users, identifying the QoS levels supported over available licensed channels has proven to be problematic and has yet to be attempted. This article presents a novel Bayesian non-parametric channel clustering scheme, which identifies the QoS levels supported over available license channels. The proposed scheme employs the infinite Gaussian mixture model and collapsed Gibbs sampler to identify the QoS levels from the feature space of the bit rate, packet delivery ratio, and packet delay variation of licensed channels. Moreover, the real measurements of wireless data traces and comparisons with baseline clustering schemes are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.</P>

Determination of Bergenin in Different Parts of Bergenia ciliata using a Validated RP-HPLC Method

Ejaz Ali,Khalid Hussain,Nadeem Irfan Bukhari,Najma Arshad,Amjad Hussain,Nasir Abbas,Sohail Arshad,Sajida Parveen,Naureen Shehzadi,Shaista Qamar,Abida Qamar 한국생약학회 2021 Natural Product Sciences Vol.27 No.1

Bergenia ciliata (Family: Saxifragaceae) is a folklore remedy for the treatment of various ailments in Asian countries. Bergenin (1) has been isolated as an active constituent in many studies, however, the amount of bergenin has not been determined in all parts of the plant. A simple RP-HPLC method was developed to determine the amount of bergenin in methanol extracts of leaves, rhizomes and roots of the plant. Separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column maintained at 25 oC using isocratic solvent system (water: methanol: acetic acid; 62.5:37:0.5 v/v/v) adjusted at pH 2 0 at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. and detected at 275 nm. Correlation coefficient (0.9952) showed linearity of concentration (5-200 μg/mL) and response. The values of LOD (0.00947 μg/mL) and LOQ (0.02869 μg/mL) indicated that method was sensitive. The recovery of bergenin was 99.99-100% indicating accuracy of method. The methanol extract of rhizomes contained higher amount of bergenin (19.4%) than roots (9.2%) and leaves (6.9%). It is concluded that methanol extract of rhizomes is a better source of bergenin than other parts of the plant. The findings are useful for standardization of bergenin containing extracts and herbal preparations.

E-NSSA: Efficient Neural Architecture Search using Sorting Algorithms

Muhammad Ali Hamza,Usama Ejaz,Heemin Park,Hyun-Chul Kim 한국정보과학회 2023 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2023 No.6

Synthesis of Novel Quinoxalinone Derivatives by Conventional and Microwave Methods and Assessing their Biological Activity

Waqar Nasir,Munawar Ali Munawar,Ejaz Ahmed,Ahsan Sharif,Saeed Ahmed,Amjad Ayub,Misbahul Ain Khan,Faizul Hassan Nasim 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.10

In this study, twenty-one arylaminoquinoxalinone derivatives were synthesized and their antibacterial activities against Staphylococci aureus, Pseudomonas aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella pneumoniae were evaluated relative to known antibiotics; augmentin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol. The insecticidal activities of the prepared compounds were also investigated against Tribolium castaneum using permethrin as a standard insecticide. The derivatives were synthesized using both conventional and microwave techniques. Their structures were confirmed using spectral techniques and elemental analysis.

Configurable Smart Contracts Automation for EVM based Blockchains

ZAIN UL ABEDIN,Muhammad Shujat Ali,Ashraf Ali,Sana Ejaz International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.10

Electronic voting machines (EVMs) are replacing research ballots due to the errors involved in the manual counting process and the lengthy time required to count the votes. Even though these digital recording electronic systems are advancements, they are vulnerable to tampering and electoral fraud. The suspected vulnerabilities in EVMs are the possibility of tampering with the EVM's memory chip or replacing it with a fake one, their simplicity, which allows them to be tampered with without requiring much skill, and the possibility of double voting. The vote data is shared among all network devices, and peer-to-peer verification is performed to ensure the vote data's authenticity. To successfully tamper with the system, all of the data stored in the nodes must be changed. This improves the proposed system's efficiency and dependability. Elections and voting are fundamental components of a democratic system. Various attempts have been made to make modern elections more flexible by utilizing digital technologies. The fundamental characteristics of free and fair elections are intractability, immutability, transparency, and the privacy of the actors involved. This corresponds to a few of the many characteristics of blockchain-like decentralized ownership, such as chain immutability, anonymity, and distributed ledger. This working research attempts to conduct a comparative analysis of various blockchain technologies in development and propose a 'Blockchain-based Electronic Voting System' solution by weighing these technologies based on the need for the proposed solution. The primary goal of this research is to present a robust blockchain-based election mechanism that is not only reliable but also adaptable to current needs.

Characterization of indoxacarb resistance in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae): Cross-resistance, stability and fitness cost

Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal,Sarfraz Ali Shad,Esteban Basoalto,Masood Ejaz,Jose Eduardo Serrao 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.4

The cottonmealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley is an important agricultural insect pest of cotton in Pakistan. Some populations of P. solenopsis are reported to have significant levels of insecticide resistance, resulting in its control failure. In our study, we selected a population of P. solenopsis with indoxacarb, which resulted in a 2223-fold resistance level after five generations compared with the unselected strain. This selected-population also developed a moderate level of cross-resistance to spinosad (36-fold), but only very low cross-resistance to chlorpyrifos (2.3-fold) and bifenthrin (4.5-fold) compared with the unselected population. Indoxacarb resistance in this population was associated with several negative fitness attributes which would slow the selection for resistance in field popualtions. A significant decline in indoxacarb resistance was observed when the selected-population was left unexposed for eight generations. These results suggest that field populations of P. solenopsis should be surveyed for indoxcarb resistance and associated cross-resistances, and that alternative chemistries should be adopted and rotated to improve the control and resistance management tactics.

Etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and treatment through medicinal plants: a comprehensive review

Sundas Nasreen,Sobia Safeer,Kamaran Khurshid Dar,Saiqa Andleeb,Mubashir Ejaz,Muhammad Adeeb Khan,Shaukat Ali 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2018 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.18 No.3

Liver is a power house of the body for many components such as vitamins, minerals, iron and glycogen and play role in biotransformation. Some ingredients of our diet (foodstuff s may contain with afl atoxin B1, vinyl chloride, tobacco, heavy alcohol intake, fried meat, coff ee and oral contraceptives),when metabolized become tremendous for liver and leads toward hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC occurs through cyclical liver injury due to infl ammation and DNA damaging as a result of oxidative stress. Phytochemicals of medicinal plants have curative potential against liver cancer due to presence of linalool, eucalyptol, borneol, thujone, camphor, 4-terpineol, monoterpenes and α -cadinol, sophytotherapies have several advantages over conventional chemotherapies. According to literature survey Acanthus ilicifolius, Allium sativum, Artemisiaprinceps, Artemisia vulgaris, Amorphophallus campanulatus, Brucea javanica, Broussonetia luzonica, Dracocephalum kotschyi, Graptopetalum paraguayense, Nigella sativa, Petasites japonicas, Silybum marianum, Bergenia ciliata , Cassia fi stula and Picrorhiza scrophularilora have vital bioactive compounds used against hepatocellular carcinoma.

Coconut shell waste as an alternative lightweight aggregate in concrete- A review

Muhammad ,Aslam,Waqas, Aziz,M. Jahanzaib, Khalil,M. Jahanzaib, Ali,Muhammad, Raheel,Aayzaz, Ahmed,Muhammad Fahad, Ejaz Techno-Press 2022 Advances in materials research Vol.11 No.4

This review article highlights the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of coconut shells, and the fresh and hardened properties of the coconut shell concrete are summarized and were compared with other types of aggregates. Furthermore, the structural behavior in terms of flexural, shear, and torsion was also highlighted, with other properties including shrinkage, elastic modulus, and permeability of the coconut shell concrete. Based on the reviewed literature, concrete containing coconut shell as coarse aggregate with normal sand as fine showed the 28-day compressive strength between 2 and 36 MPa with the dried density range of 1865 to 2300 kg/m³. Coconut shell concretes showed a 28-day modulus of rupture and splitting tensile strength values in the ranges of 2.59 to 8.45 MPa and 0.8 to 3.70 MPa, respectively, and these values were in the range of 5-20% of the compressive strength. The flexural behavior of CSC was found similar to other types of lightweight concrete. There were no horizontal cracks on beams which indicate no bond failure. Whereas, the diagonal shear failure was prominent in beams with no shear reinforcements while flexural failure mode was seen in beams having shear reinforcement. Under torsion, CSC beams behave like conventional concrete. Finally, future recommendations are also suggested in this study to investigate the innovative lightweight aggregate concrete based on the environmental and financial design factors.