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Clinical utilization of radiation therapy in Korea between 2017 and 2019
Eunji Kim(Eunji Kim),Won Il Jang(Won Il Jang),Kwangmo Yang(Kwangmo Yang),Mi-Sook Kim(Mi-Sook Kim),Hyung Jun Yoo(Hyung Jun Yoo),Eun Kyung Paik(Eun Kyung Paik),Heejin Kim(Heejin Kim),Jaesun Yoon(Jaesun 대한방사선종양학회 2022 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.40 No.4
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical infrastructure and utilization of radiotherapy (RT) services in Korea between 2017 and 2019. Materials and Methods: We extracted the data of patients who underwent RT between 2017 and 2019 from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. We further analyzed this data according to the diagnosis and treatment modalities of patients diagnosed with International Classification of Disease 10 (ICD-10) diagnostic codes C00–C97 and D00–D48. In addition, we collected statistics on RT facilities in Korea using a nationwide survey. Results: The total number of patients who received RT in 2017, 2018, and 2019 were 77,901, 81,849, and 87,460, respectively. The number of patients diagnosed with ICD 10 C- and D-codes in 2019 was 86,339, of whom 39,467 were men and 46,872 women. The rate of utilization of RT among cancer patients was 30.4% in 2017 and 2018 and 30.9% in 2019. In 2019, the most common types of cancers treated with RT were breast, lung, prostate, colorectal, and liver cancers. Regarding the RT infrastructure in Korea, there were 95 radiation oncology centers, 237 megavoltage (MV) teletherapy units, 35 brachytherapy units, and two proton accelerators in 2019. There were 4.5 MV teletherapy machines per million. Conclusion: The number of patients treated with RT has increased consistently from 2017 to 2019. As the number of patients with cancer increases, it is expected that the RT infrastructure will be further expanded in Korea.
Kim, Heon Seok,Lee, Kyungjin,Bae, Sangsu,Park, Jeongbin,Lee, Chong-Kyo,Kim, Meehyein,Kim, Eunji,Kim, Minju,Kim, Seokjoong,Kim, Chonsaeng,Kim, Jin-Soo American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2017 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.292 No.25
<P>Several groups have used genome-wide libraries of lentiviruses encoding small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) for genetic screens. In most cases, sgRNA expression cassettes are integrated into cells by using lentiviruses, and target genes are statistically estimated by the readout of sgRNA sequences after targeted sequencing. We present a new virus-free method for human gene knockout screens using a genome-wide library of CRISPR/Cas9 sgRNAs based on plasmids and target gene identification via whole-genome sequencing (WGS) confirmation of authentic mutations rather than statistical estimation through targeted amplicon sequencing. We used 30,840 pairs of individually synthesized oligonucleotides to construct the genome-scale sgRNA library, collectively targeting 10,280 human genes (<I>i.e.</I> three sgRNAs per gene). These plasmid libraries were co-transfected with a Cas9-expression plasmid into human cells, which were then treated with cytotoxic drugs or viruses. Only cells lacking key factors essential for cytotoxic drug metabolism or viral infection were able to survive. Genomic DNA isolated from cells that survived these challenges was subjected to WGS to directly identify CRISPR/Cas9-mediated causal mutations essential for cell survival. With this approach, we were able to identify known and novel genes essential for viral infection in human cells. We propose that genome-wide sgRNA screens based on plasmids coupled with WGS are powerful tools for forward genetics studies and drug target discovery.</P>
Kim, Hyun Woo,Quan, Zhejiu,Kim, Young-Beom,Cheong, Eunji,Kim, Heung Dong,Cho, Minjung,Jang, Jiho,Yoo, Young Rang,Lee, Joon Soo,Kim, Ji Hun,Kim, Yang In,Kim, Dae-Sung,Kang, Hoon-Chul Elsevier 2018 Brain and Development Vol.40 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>We investigated how two distinct mutations in <I>SCN1A</I> differentially affect electrophysiological properties of the patient-derived GABAergic neurons and clinical severities in two Dravet syndrome (DS) patients.</P> <P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P> <P>We established induced pluripotent stem cells from two DS patients with different mutations in <I>SCN1A</I> and subsequently differentiated them into forebrain GABAergic neurons. Functionality of differentiated GABAergic neurons was examined by electrophysiological recordings.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>DS-1 patient had a missense mutation, c.4261G > T [GenBank: NM_006920.4] and DS-2 patient had a nonsense frameshift mutation, c.3576_3580 del TCAAA [GenBank: NM_006920.4]. Clinically, contrary to our expectations, DS-1 patient had more severe symptoms including frequency of seizure episodes and the extent of intellectual ability penetration than DS-2 patient. Electrophysiologic recordings showed significantly lower sodium current density and reduced action potential frequency at strong current injection (>60 pA) in GABAergic neurons derived from both. Intriguingly, unique genetic alterations of <I>SCN1A</I> differentially impacted electrophysiological impairment of the neurons, and the impairment’s extent corresponded with the symptomatic severity of the donor from which the iPSCs were derived.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Our results suggest the possibility that patient-derived iPSCs may provide a reliable <I>in vitro</I> system that reflects clinical severities in individuals with DS.</P>
Kim Yeeun,Kim Eunji,Kim Dohoon,Ahn Chi Won,Kim Byoung Soo,안경현,Lee Yonghee,박준동 한국유변학회 2023 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.35 No.2
Since the discovery of MXene, which has been attracting attention as an alluring two-dimensional material with a distinct structure and mechanical and electrical capabilities, numerous attempts have been made to combine MXene with polymer additives to enhance and compensate for MXene’s inherent weakness. In this work, the rheological properties of MXene ( Ti3C2Tx)-polymer composite inks of three different polymers with various interaction with MXene particles are examined. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), which is known to physically adsorb on the surface of MXene, improved MXene dispersion while enhancing the viscoelastic property of ink. MXene ink containing polyethylenimine (PEI) was destabilized forming a viscoelastic network structure as PEI of strong positive charge adsorbed on the MXene surface to neutralize negative charge and diminish electrostatic repulsion. In the case of MXene-polyacrylic acid (PAA) composite ink, the formation of hydrogen bonds between MXene and PAA resulted in a dense network structure with high viscoelasticity. In terms of rheological property sensitivity to concentration, MXene ink without polymer additives exhibited power-law behavior with the largest exponent, whereas MXene-polymer composite inks indicated moderate sensitivity. Our findings will aid in the design of MXene-based composites with optimum rheological properties for specific processes such as 3D printing and coating.
Kim, Eunji,Song, Changhoon,Kim, Mi Young,Kim, Jae-Sung The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2017 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.35 No.1
Purpose: The outcomes and toxicities of locoregionally recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with curative radiotherapy were evaluated in the modern era. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven patients receiving radical radiotherapy for locoregionally recurrent NSCLC without distant metastasis after surgery from 2004 to 2014 were reviewed. Forty-two patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), and 15 patients with radiotherapy alone. The median radiation dose was 66 Gy (range, 45 to 70 Gy). Lung function change after radiotherapy was evaluated by comparing pulmonary function tests before and at 1, 6, and 12 months after radiotherapy. Results: Median follow-up was 53.6 months (range, 12.0 to 107.5 months) among the survivors. The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 54.8 months (range, 3.0 to 116.9 months) and 12.2 months (range, 0.8 to 100.2 months), respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that single locoregional recurrence focus and use of concurrent chemotherapy were significant prognostic factors for OS (p = 0.048 and p = 0.001, respectively) and PFS (p = 0.002 and p = 0.026, respectively). There was no significant change in predicted forced expiratory volume in one second after radiotherapy. Although diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide decreased significantly at 1 month after radiotherapy (p < 0.001), it recovered to pretreatment levels within 12 months. Acute grade 3 radiation pneumonitis and esophagitis were observed in 3 and 2 patients, respectively. There was no chronic complication observed in all patients. Conclusion: Salvage radiotherapy showed good survival outcomes without severe complications in postoperative locoregionally recurrent NSCLC patients. A single locoregional recurrent focus and the use of CCRT chemotherapy were associated with improved survival. CCRT should be considered as a salvage treatment in patients with good prognostic factors.
Effects of Soil Textures on Infectivity of Root-Knot Nematodes on Carrot
Kim, Eunji,Seo, Yunhee,Kim, Yong Su,Park, Yong,Kim, Young Ho The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2017 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.33 No.1
This study was conducted to examine infectivity (penetration and gall and egg-mass formations) of the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. hapla, on carrots grown in soil conditions of 5 different soil textures consisting of bed-soil (b) and sand (s) mixtures (b-s mixtures) at the ratios of 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10. For M. incognita, the nematode penetration rates in b-s of 0:10 (100% sand) were significantly higher than in the other b-s mixtures, more greatly at 2 and 5 days after inoculation than at 10 DAI, while no significant differences in the penetration rates were mostly shown for M. hapla at the above DAI. However, for both nematodes, gall and egg-mass formations were remarkably increased in the b-s mixture of 0:10, compared to the other b-s mixtures, which is coincided with the general aspects of severe nematode infestations in sandy soils. This suggests the increased gall and egg-mass formations of M. incognita should be derived from the increased penetration rates in the sandy soil conditions, which provide a sufficient aeration due to coarse soil nature for the nematodes, leading to their mobility increased for the enhanced root penetration. For M. hapla, it is suggested that the sandy soil conditions affect positively on the healthy plant growth with little accumulation of the inhibitory materials and sufficient aeration, enhancing the nematode growth and feeding activities. All of these aspects provide information reliable for the development screening techniques efficient for the evaluation of the nematode resistance in the breeding programs.
Characterization of the Two Methylation Steps Involved in the Biosynthesis of Mycinose in Tylosin
Kim, Eunji,Song, Myoung Chong,Kim, Myoun Su,Beom, Ji Yoon,Lee, Eun Yeol,Kim, Dong-Myung,Nam, Sang-Jip,Yoon, Yeo Joon American Chemical Society and American Society of 2016 Journal of natural products Vol.79 No.8
<P>The S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent O-methyltransferases TylE and TylF catalyze the last two methylation reactions in the tylosin biosynthetic pathway of Streptomyces fradiae. It has long been known that the TylE-catalyzed C2''-O-methylation of the 6-deoxy-D-allose bound to demethylmacrocin or demethyllactenocin precedes the Ty1F-catalyzed C3''-O-methylation of the D-javose (C2''-O-methylated 6-deoxy-D-allose) attached to macrocin or lactenocin. This study reveals the unexpected substrate promiscuity of TylE and TylF responsible for the biosynthesis of D-mycinose (Cr''-O-methylated D-javose) in tylosin through the identification of a new minor intermediate 2''-O-demethyldesmycosin (2; 3''-methyl-demethyllactenocin), which lacks a 2''-O-methyl group on the mycinose moiety of desmycosin, along with 2''-O-demethyltylosin (1; 3''-methyl-demethylmacrocin) that was previously detected from the S. fradiae mutant containing a mutation in the tylE gene. These results unveil the unique substrate flexibility of TylE and TylF and demonstrate their potential for the engineered biosynthesis of novel glycosylated macrolide derivatives.</P>