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Richard, E.,Okumura, K.,Abe, K.,Haga, Y.,Hayato, Y.,Ikeda, M.,Iyogi, K.,Kameda, J.,Kishimoto, Y.,Miura, M.,Moriyama, S.,Nakahata, M.,Nakajima, T.,Nakano, Y.,Nakayama, S.,Orii, A.,Sekiya, H.,Shiozawa, American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review D Vol.94 No.5
<P>A comprehensive study of the atmospheric neutrino flux in the energy region from sub-GeV up to several TeV using the Super-Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector is presented in this paper. The energy and azimuthal spectra, and variation over time, of the atmospheric nu(e) + (nu) over bar (e) and nu(mu) + (nu) over bar (mu) fluxes are measured. The energy spectra are obtained using an iterative unfolding method by combining various event topologies with differing energy responses. The azimuthal spectra depending on energy and zenith angle, and their modulation by geomagnetic effects, are also studied. A predicted east-west asymmetry is observed in both the nu(e) and nu(mu) samples at 8.0 sigma and 6.0 sigma significance, respectively, and an indication that the asymmetry dipole angle changes depending on the zenith angle was seen at the 2.2 sigma level. The measured energy and azimuthal spectra are consistent with the current flux models within the estimated systematic uncertainties. A study of the long-term correlation between the atmospheric neutrino flux and the solar magnetic activity cycle is performed, and a weak preference for a correlation was seen at the 1.1 sigma level, using SK-I-SK-IV data spanning a 20-year period. For several particularly strong solar activity periods, corresponding to Forbush decrease events, no theoretical prediction is available but a deviation below the typical neutrino event rate is seen at the 2.4 sigma level. The seasonal modulation of the neutrino flux is also examined, but the change in flux at the SK site is predicted to be negligible, and, as expected, no evidence for a seasonal correlation is seen.</P>
SEARCH FOR NEUTRINOS FROM GRB 080319B AT SUPER-KAMIOKANDE
Thrane, E.,Abe, K.,Hayato, Y.,Iida, T.,Ikeda, M.,Kameda, J.,Kobayashi, K.,Koshio, Y.,Miura, M.,Moriyama, S.,Nakahata, M.,Nakayama, S.,Obayashi, Y.,Ogawa, H.,Sekiya, H.,Shiozawa, M.,Suzuki, Y.,Takeda, IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.697 No.1
SEARCH FOR ASTROPHYSICAL NEUTRINO POINT SOURCES AT SUPER-KAMIOKANDE
Thrane, E.,Abe, K.,Hayato, Y.,Iida, T.,Ikeda, M.,Kameda, J.,Kobayashi, K.,Koshio, Y.,Miura, M.,Moriyama, S.,Nakahata, M.,Nakayama, S.,Obayashi, Y.,Ogawa, H.,Sekiya, H.,Shiozawa, M.,Suzuki, Y.,Takeda, IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.704 No.1
<P>It has been hypothesized that large fluxes of neutrinos may be created in astrophysical 'cosmic accelerators.' The primary background for a search for astrophysical neutrinos comes from atmospheric neutrinos, which do not exhibit the pointlike directional clustering that characterizes a distant astrophysical signal. We perform a search for neutrino point sources using the upward-going muon data from three phases of operation (SK-I, SK-II, and SK-III) spanning 2623 days of live time taken from 1996 April 1 to 2007 August 11. The search looks for signals from suspected galactic and extragalactic sources, transient sources, and uncataloged sources. While we find interesting signatures from two objects-RX J1713.7-3946 (97.5% CL) and GRB 991004D (95.3% CL)-these signatures lack compelling statistical significance given trial factors. We set limits on the flux and fluence of neutrino point sources above energies of 1.6 GeV.</P>
Development of an ex-vessel corium debris bed with two-phase natural convection in a flooded cavity
Kim, E.,Lee, M.,Park, H.S.,Moriyama, K.,Park, J.H. North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Nuclear engineering and design Vol.298 No.-
During severe accidents of light water reactors (LWRs), the coolability of relocated corium from the reactor vessel is a significant safety issue and a threat to the integrity of containment. With a flooded cavity, a porous debris bed is expected to develop on the bottom of the pool due to breakup and fragmentation of the melt jet. As part of the coolability assessment under accident conditions, the geometrical configuration of the debris bed is important. The Debris Bed Research Apparatus for Validation of the Bubble-Induced Natural Convection Effect Issue (DAVINCI) experimental apparatus facility was constructed to investigate the formation of debris beds under the influence of a two-phase flow induced by steam generation due to the decay heat of the debris bed. Using this system, five kilograms of stainless steel simulant debris were injected from the top of the water level, while air bubbles simulating the vapor flow were injected from the bottom of the particle catcher plate. The airflow rate was determined based on the quantity of settled debris, which will form a heat source due to the decay of corium. The radial distribution of the settled debris was examined using a 'gap-tooth' approach. Based on the experimental results of this study, an analytical model was established to describe the spreading of the debris bed in terms of two-phase flow and the debris injection parameters. This model was then used to analyze the formation of debris beds at the reactor scale. A sensitivity analysis was carried out based on key accident parameters, including the quantity of corium melt, cavity flooding level, volumetric decay heat rate, and the size of the melt jet.
Maximization of ICRF power by SOL density tailoring with local gas injection
Jacquet, P.,Goniche, M.,Bobkov, V.,Lerche, E.,Pinsker, R.I.,Pitts, R.A.,Zhang, W.,Colas, L.,Hosea, J.,Moriyama, S.,Wang, S.-J.,Wukitch, S.,Zhang, X.,Bilato, R.,Bufferand, H.,Guimarais, L.,Faugel, H.,H IOP 2016 Nuclear fusion Vol.56 No.4
<P>Experiments have been performed under the coordination of the International Tokamak Physics Activity (ITPA) on several tokamaks, including ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), JET and DIII-D, to characterize the increased Ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) antenna loading achieved by optimizing the position of gas injection relative to the RF antennas. On DIII-D, AUG and JET (with the ITER-Like Wall) a 50% increase in the antenna loading was observed when injecting deuterium in ELMy H-mode plasmas using mid-plane inlets close to the powered antennas instead of divertor injection and, with smaller improvement when using gas inlets located at the top of the machine. The gas injection rate required for such improvements (~0.7 × 10<SUP>22</SUP> el s<SUP>−1</SUP> in AUG, ~1.0 × 10<SUP>22</SUP> el s<SUP>−1</SUP> in JET) is compatible with the use of this technique to optimize ICRF heating during the development of plasma scenarios and no degradation of confinement was observed when using the mid-plane or top inlets compared with divertor valves. An increase in the scrape-off layer (SOL) density was measured when switching gas injection from divertor to outer mid-plane or top. On JET and DIII-D, the measured SOL density increase when using main chamber puffing is consistent with the antenna coupling resistance increase provided that the distance between the measurement lines of sight and the injection location is taken into account. Optimized gas injection was also found to be beneficial for reducing tungsten (W) sputtering at the AUG antenna limiters, and also to reduce slightly the W and nickel (Ni) content in JET plasmas. Modeling the specific effects of divertor/top/mid-plane injection on the outer mid-plane density was carried out using both the EDGE2D-EIRENE and EMC3-EIRENE plasma boundary code packages; simulations indeed indicate that outer mid-plane gas injection maximizes the density in the mid-plane close to the injection point with qualitative agreement with the AUG SOL density measurements for EMC3-EIRENE. Field line tracing for ITER in the 15 MA <I>Q</I> <SUB>DT</SUB> = 10 reference scenario indicates that the planned gas injection system could be used to tailor the density in front the antennas. Benchmarking of EMC3-EIRENE against AUG and JET data is planned as a first step towards the ITER SOL modelling required to quantify the effect of gas injection on the SOL density in front of the antennas.</P>
마이크로-나노 구조가 있는 표면에서의 액적 계면 거동 현상에 대한 연구
곽호재(H. J. Kwak),유동인(D. I. Yu),안호선(H. S. Ahn),김동억(D. E. Kim),박현선(H. S. Park),키요후미 모리야마(K. Moriyama),김무환(M. H. Kim) 대한기계학회 2014 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2014 No.11
Recently, to enhance the wetting characteristics of the surfaces, the hierarchical surfaces with micro and nano structures are intensively focused in the various research and engineering fields. On the hydrophilic surface with hierarchical structures, the super-hydrophilic surfaces are generally characterized by the interfacial behavior of water droplet. In this study, the interfacial behavior is experimentally investigated. Using the dry etching and conventional lithography method, the quantitative hierarchical surfaces are developed. The movement of the liquid-vapor interface on the test sections is visualized by the high speed camera. On the basis of the visualized data, the interfacial behavior of water droplet is intensively investigated according to the surface geometrical characteristics.