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Production of bioplastic through food waste valorization
Tsang, Yiu Fai,Kumar, Vanish,Samadar, Pallabi,Yang, Yi,Lee, Jechan,Ok, Yong Sik,Song, Hocheol,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Kwon, Eilhann E.,Jeon, Young Jae Elsevier 2019 Environment international Vol.127 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The tremendous amount of food waste from diverse sources is an environmental burden if disposed of inappropriately. Thus, implementation of a biorefinery platform for food waste is an ideal option to pursue (e.g., production of value-added products while reducing the volume of waste). The adoption of such a process is expected to reduce the production cost of biodegradable plastics (e.g., compared to conventional routes of production using overpriced pure substrates (e.g., glucose)). This review focuses on current technologies for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from food waste. Technical details were also described to offer clear insights into diverse pretreatments for preparation of raw materials for the actual production of bioplastic (from food wastes). In this respect, particular attention was paid to fermentation technologies based on pure and mixed cultures. A clear description on the chemical modification of starch, cellulose, chitin, and caprolactone is also provided with a number of case studies (covering PHA-based products) along with a discussion on the prospects of food waste valorization approaches and their economic/technical viability.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The tremendous amount of food waste (FW) is produced from diverse sources. </LI> <LI> To resolve FW problems, implementation of a biorefinery platform for FW is essential. </LI> <LI> The adoption of such a process can produce value-added products while reducing the waste. </LI> <LI> This review focuses on current technologies for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). </LI> <LI> Prospects of FW valorization are discussed along with their economic/technical viability. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
桑暫의 血液과 消化液에 있어서 蛋白質과 Amylase 活性에 關한 電氣泳動的 硏究
文在裕,朴光義,姜錫權,金啓明,李相夢,朴熙正 한국잠사학회 1985 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.27 No.1
The baemolymph protein, digestive fluid proteins and digestive fluid amylase activity of wild silkworm, Theophila mandarina those of the were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition, they was also compared with silkworm. 1. 6 main protein bands in female and 7 main protein bands in male were detected in the larval haemolymph of T. mandarina where as 8 and 7 main protein bands in female and male of B. mori were observed. Some differences in the haemolymph protein bands of T. mandarina and B. mori were observed. 2. 15 protein bands and 12 protein bands were found in the larval digestive fluid of T. mandarina and B. mori respectively. Some diferences in the mobility of digestive fluid proteins of T. mandarina and B. mori were noticed. 3. Larval digestive fluid amylases were anionic and moved near the tracking dye in both T. mandarina and 3. mori. Mobility of the digestive fluid amylases relative to bromophenol blue were 0.019 and 0.020 in T. mandarina and B. mori respectively.
Enhanced thermal destruction of toxic microalgal biomass by using CO<sub>2</sub>
Jung, Jong-Min,Lee, Jechan,Kim, Jieun,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Hyung-Wook,Jeon, Young Jae,Kwon, Eilhann E. Elsevier 2016 Science of the Total Environment Vol.566 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This work confirmed that dominant microalgal strain in the eutrophic site (the Han River in Korea) was <I>Microcystis aeruginosa</I> (<I>M. aeruginosa</I>) secreting toxins. Collected and dried microalgal biomass had an offensive odor due to microalgal lipid, of which the content reached up to 2±0.2wt.% of microalgal biomass (dry basis). This study has validated that the offensive odor is attributed to the C<SUB>3–6</SUB> range of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which was experimentally identified by the non-catalytic transformation of triglycerides (TGs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) in microalgal biomass into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). In particular, this study mechanistically investigated the influence of CO<SUB>2</SUB> in the thermal destruction (<I>i.e.</I>, pyrolysis) of hazardous microalgal biomass in order to achieve dual purposes (<I>i.e.</I>, thermal disposal of hazardous microalgal biomass and energy recovery). The influence of CO<SUB>2</SUB> in pyrolysis of microalgal biomass was identified as 1) the enhanced thermal cracking behaviors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the thermal degradation of microalgal biomass and 2) the direct gas phase reaction between CO<SUB>2</SUB> and VOCs. These identified influences of CO<SUB>2</SUB> in pyrolysis of microalgal biomass significantly enhanced the generation of CO: the enhanced generation of CO in the presence of CO<SUB>2</SUB> was 590% at 660°C, 1260% at 690°C, and 3200% at 720°C. In addition, two identified influences of CO<SUB>2</SUB> (<I>i.e.</I>, enhanced thermal cracking and direct gas phase reaction) occurred simultaneously and independently. The identified gas phase reaction in the presence of CO<SUB>2</SUB> was only initiated at temperatures higher than 500°C, which was different from the Boudouard reaction. Lastly, the experimental work justified that exploiting CO<SUB>2</SUB> as a reaction medium and/or chemical feedstock will provide new technical approaches for controlling syngas ratio and <I>in-situ</I> air pollutant control without using catalysts.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Identification of dominant microalgal strains as <I>M. aeruginosa</I> was carried out. </LI> <LI> Enhanced thermal destruction induced by CO<SUB>2</SUB> </LI> <LI> Direct gas phase reaction between CO<SUB>2</SUB> and volatile organic carbons (VOCs) </LI> <LI> Significant tar reduction in the presence of CO<SUB>2</SUB> </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Kwon, Hyunah,Ham, Juyoung,Kim, Dong Yeong,Oh, Seung Jae,Lee, Subin,Oh, Sang Ho,Schubert, E. Fred,Lim, Kyung-Geun,Lee, Tae-Woo,Kim, Sungjun,Lee, Jong-Lam,Kim, Jong Kyu Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley Sons) 2014 ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS Vol.4 No.7
<P>A three-dimensional indium tin oxide (ITO) nanohelix (NH) array is presented as a multifunctional electrode for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells for simultaneously improving light absorption and charge transport from the active region to the anode. It is shown that the ITO NH array, which is easily fabricated using an oblique-angle-deposition technique, acts as an effective antireflection coating as well as a light-scattering layer, resulting in much enhanced light harvesting. Furthermore, the larger interfacial area between the electrode and the active layer, together with the enhanced carrier mobility through highly conductive ITO NH facilitate transport and collection of charge carriers. The optical and electrical improvements enabled by the ITO NH electrode result in a 10% increase in short-circuit current density and power-conversion efficiency of the solar cells.</P>
(Kwon Bok Lee,(Cady Engler,(Jae E . Yang,(Shin Woo Lee,(Yong Ha Park 한국응용생명화학회 2001 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.44 No.2
Capsaicin synthesis by suspension cultured cells of Jalapeno pepper (Capcicum annuum L.) was assessed in vitro under various conditions including temperature (23 and 30℃), light intensity (with light and without light), and shaking speed (110 and 200 rpm).