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( Sein Lai Lai Aung ),( Hai Feng Liu ),( Dong Fang Pei ),( Bing Bin Lu ),( May Moe Oo ),( Jian Xin Deng ) 한국균학회 2020 Mycobiology Vol.48 No.3
A small-spored Alternaria was found from black spots of storaged Koerle pear (Pyrus sinkiangensis), one of the economically important fruit in Xinjiang province, China. The morphology is similar to A. limoniasperae but obviously different in secondary conidiophores and conidial septa. A phylogenetic analysis using sequence datasets of ITS, GAPDH, TEF1, RPB2, Alt a1, OPA10-2, and EndoPG genes revealed that it belonged to the Alternaria alternata complex group. Pathogenicity tests illustrated that the fungus was the causal pathogen of black spot on Koerle pear fruit.
Orthogonal 방법을 통한 Poly(AM-DMDAAC)/MMT 고흡수성나노복합체 제조 연구
Jun Dong Yuan,Ming Zhou,Shuang Qiao Yang,Yong Guo Zhou,Nan Qin,Song Tao He,Dong Lai,Zhong Qiang Xie 한국고분자학회 2014 폴리머 Vol.38 No.1
A novel poly(AM-DMDAAC)/MMT superabsorbent nanocomposites are prepared by radical polymerizationusing ammonium persulfate (APS) and anhydrous sodium sulfite as a free radical initiator and N,N-methylene bisacrylamide(MBA) as a crosslinker. In this paper, an optimization study on the synthesis of superabsorbent nanocompositesis carried out. Orthogonal array experiment indicates that the optimized conditions is acrylamide (AM) content 23 wt%,diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAAC) content 6 wt%, montmorillonite (MMT) content 4 wt%, initiatorcontent 0.2 wt% and crosslinker content 0.02 wt%. Under the optimization syntheses conditions concluded, the maximumwater absorbency in distilled water is 659.53 g·g-1 and in 2 wt% sodium chloride solution is 116.25 g·g-1. Compared withthe range values of different factors (Rj), the order of significance factors in distilled water is C (MMT) > B (DMDAAC)> A (AM) > D (crosslinker) > E (initiator). MMT is intercalated during polymerization reaction and a nanocompositestructure is formed as shown by TEM analysis and XRD analysis.
Cho, Young-Lai,Hur, Sung-Mo,Kim, Ji-Yoon,Kim, Ji-Hee,Lee, Dong-Keon,Choe, Jongeon,Won, Moo-Ho,Ha, Kwon-Soo,Jeoung, Dooil,Han, Sanghwa,Ryoo, Sungwoo,Lee, Hansoo,Min, Jeong-Ki,Kwon, Young-Guen,Kim, Dong American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2015 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.290 No.1
<P>Ginsenoside Rg5 is a compound newly synthesized during the steaming process of ginseng; however, its biological activity has not been elucidated with regard to endothelial function. We found that Rg5 stimulated <I>in vitro</I> angiogenesis of human endothelial cells, consistent with increased neovascularization and blood perfusion in a mouse hind limb ischemia model. Rg5 also evoked vasorelaxation in aortic rings isolated from wild type and high cholesterol-fed ApoE<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice but not from endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) knock-out mice. Angiogenic activity of Rg5 was highly associated with a specific increase in insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) phosphorylation and subsequent activation of multiple angiogenic signals, including ERK, FAK, Akt/eNOS/NO, and G<SUB>i</SUB>-mediated phospholipase C/Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>/eNOS dimerization pathways. The vasodilative activity of Rg5 was mediated by the eNOS/NO/cGMP axis. IGF-1R knockdown suppressed Rg5-induced angiogenesis and vasorelaxation by inhibiting key angiogenic signaling and NO/cGMP pathways. <I>In silico</I> docking analysis showed that Rg5 bound with high affinity to IGF-1R at the same binding site of IGF. Rg5 blocked binding of IGF-1 to its receptor with an IC<SUB>50</SUB> of ∼90 nmol/liter. However, Rg5 did not induce vascular inflammation and permeability. These data suggest that Rg5 plays a novel role as an IGF-1R agonist, promoting therapeutic angiogenesis and improving hypertension without adverse effects in the vasculature.</P>
( Dong Hyeon Shin ),( Kye Won Park ),( Lai Chu Wu ),( Joung Woo Hong ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2011 BMB Reports Vol.44 No.4
ZAS3 is a large zinc finger transcription repressor that binds the κB-motif via two signature domains of ZASN and ZASC. A loss-of-function study showed that lack of ZAS3 protein induced accelerated cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Conversely, gain-of-function studies showed that ZAS3 repressed NFκB-activated transcription by competing with NFκB for the κB-motif. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that ZAS3 promotes apoptosis by interrupting anti-apoptotic activity of NFκB. Here, we present evidence that upon TNFα stimulation, ZAS3 inhibits NFκB-mediated cell survival and promotes caspase-mediated apoptosis. The inhibitory effect of ZAS3 on NFκB activity is mediated by neither direct association with NFκB nor disrupting nuclear localization of NFκB. Instead, ZAS3 repressed the expression of two key anti-apoptotic genes of NFκB, TRAF1 and TRAF2, thereby sensitizing cells to TNFα-induced cell death. Taken together, our data suggest that ZAS3 is a tumor suppressor gene and therefore serves as a novel therapeutic target for developing anti-cancer drugs. [BMB reports 2011; 44(4): 267-272]
Characterization of GaN thick layer grown by the HVPE: Comparison of horizontal with vertical growth
Lai, Van Thi Ha,Jung, Jin-Huyn,Oh, Dong-Keun,Choi, Bong-Geun,Eun, Jong-Won,Lim, Jee-Hun,Park, Ji-Eun,Lee, Seong-Kuk,Yi, Sung,Shim, Kwang-Bo The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 2008 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.18 No.3
GaN films were grown on the vertical and horizontal reactors by the hydride vapour phase epitaxy (HVPE). The structural and optical characteristics of the GaN films were investigated depending on the reactor-type. GaN epilayers were characterized by double crystal X-ray diffraction (DC-XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL). Surface defects of two kinds of the GaN films were revealed by the wet chemical etching method, using $H_3PO_4$ acid at $200^{\circ}C$ for 8 minutes. Hexagonal etch pits were analyzed by optical microscopy and SEM. Etch pit densities were calculated to be approximately $1.4{\times}10^7$ and $1.2{\times}10^6\;cm^{-2}$ for GaN layers grown on horizontal and vertical reactors, respectively. Those results show GaN grown in the vertical reactor having a better quality of optical properties and crystallinity than that in the horizontal reactor.
Dong Lifeng,Gao Yanhua,Jing Xuelan,Guo Huiping,Zhang Hongsen,Lai Qi,Diao Qiyu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.9
Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the gas production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community composition of a rumen fluid culture with Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) subjected to ensiling or steam explosion (SE) pretreatment. Methods: Fresh B. papyrifera was collected and pretreated by ensiling or SE, which was then fermented with ruminal fluids as ensiled B. papyrifera group, steam-exploded B. papyrifera group, and untreated B. papyrifera group. The gas and methane production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community were determined during the fermentation. Results: Cumulative methane production was significantly improved with SE pretreatment compared with ensiled or untreated biomass accompanied with more volatile fatty acids production. After 72 h incubation, SE and ensiling pretreatments decreased the acid detergent fiber contents by 39.4% and 22.9%, and neutral detergent fiber contents by 10.6% and 47.2%, respectively. Changes of methanogenic diversity and abundance of methanogenic archaea corresponded to the variations in fermentation pattern and methane production. Conclusion: Compared with ensiling pretreatment, SE can be a promising technique for the efficient utilization of B. papyrifera, which would contribute to sustainable livestock production systems. Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the gas production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community composition of a rumen fluid culture with Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) subjected to ensiling or steam explosion (SE) pretreatment.Methods: Fresh B. papyrifera was collected and pretreated by ensiling or SE, which was then fermented with ruminal fluids as ensiled B. papyrifera group, steam-exploded B. papyrifera group, and untreated B. papyrifera group. The gas and methane production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community were determined during the fermentation.Results: Cumulative methane production was significantly improved with SE pretreatment compared with ensiled or untreated biomass accompanied with more volatile fatty acids production. After 72 h incubation, SE and ensiling pretreatments decreased the acid detergent fiber contents by 39.4% and 22.9%, and neutral detergent fiber contents by 10.6% and 47.2%, respectively. Changes of methanogenic diversity and abundance of methanogenic archaea corresponded to the variations in fermentation pattern and methane production.Conclusion: Compared with ensiling pretreatment, SE can be a promising technique for the efficient utilization of B. papyrifera, which would contribute to sustainable livestock production systems.
Dong Junguo,Huang Junfeng,Liu Jiaxing,Tang Yufang,Sivapalan Dhinesan,Lai Kefang,Zhong Nanshan,Luo Wei,Chen Ruchong 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.5
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common cause of chronic cough (CC). However, the diagnosis of GERD associated with CC based on 24-hour esophageal pH-monitoring or favorable response to empirical anti-reflux trials is invasive and time-consuming. Lipid-laden macrophages (LLMs) are supposed to be a biomarker for micro-aspiration of gastric content in the respiratory tract. This study was conducted to collect LLMs by the sputum induction technique and observe the relationship among the amount of LLMs, cough severity, parameters of 24-hour esophageal pH-monitoring and therapeutic response. The 24-hour esophageal pH-monitoring and sputum induction were performed on 57 patients with suspected GERD associated with CC. Thirty-four patients were followed up after empirical anti-reflux trials of 8 weeks to record the therapeutic response. Lipid-laden macrophage index (LLMI), a semiquantitative counting of LLMs, showed no significant correlation with the values of 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring at the proximal or remote electrode. No difference in LLMI or DeMeester score, as well as cough symptom association probability, were found between the responders and the non-responders. Reflux symptoms were more common in the responders (50%) compared to the non-responders (6%) (P < 0.05). Our study suggests that LLMI shows limited utility in clinically diagnosing GERD associated with CC as an underlying etiology or in predicting response to anti-reflux therapy. Anti-reflux therapy is more effective for CC patients with reflux symptoms than for those without.
Bacteria-mimicking nanoparticle surface functionalization with targeting motifs.
Lai, Mei-Hsiu,Clay, Nicholas E,Kim, Dong Hyun,Kong, Hyunjoon RSC Pub 2015 Nanoscale Vol.7 No.15
<P>In recent years, surface modification of nanocarriers with targeting motifs has been explored to modulate delivery of various diagnostic, sensing and therapeutic molecular cargo to desired sites of interest in in vitro bioengineering platforms and in vivo pathologic tissue. However, most surface functionalization approaches are often plagued by complex chemical modifications and effortful purifications. To resolve such challenges, this study demonstrates a unique method to immobilize antibodies that can act as targeting motifs on the surfaces of nanocarriers, inspired by a process that bacteria use for immobilization of the host's antibodies. We hypothesized that alkylated Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) would self-assemble with micelles and subsequently induce stable coupling of antibodies to the micelles. We examined this hypothesis by using poly(2-hydroxyethyl-co-octadecyl aspartamide) (PHEA-g-C18) as a model polymer to form micelles. The self-assembly between the micelles and alkylated SpA became more thermodynamically favorable by increasing the degree of substitution of octadecyl chains to PHEA-g-C18, due to a positive entropy change. Lastly, the mixing of SpA-PA-coupled micelles with antibodies resulted in the coating of micelles with antibodies, as confirmed with a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay. The micelles coated with antibodies to VCAM-1 or integrin αv displayed a higher binding affinity to substrates coated with VCAM-1 and integrin αvβ3, respectively, than other controls, as evaluated with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and a circulation-simulating flow chamber. We envisage that this bacteria-inspired protein immobilization approach will be useful to improve the quality of targeted delivery of nanoparticles, and can be extended to modify the surface of a wide array of nanocarriers.</P>