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      • KCI등재

        Influence of Microalloying and Isothermal Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Carbon Steel

        Indrajit Dey,Rajib Saha,Swarup Kumar Ghosh 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

        The influence of isothermal holding (IH) near the pearlite start temperature (Ps≈610 °C) and above the martensite starttemperature (Ms≈245 °C) were studied in two hot-rolled (FRT≈1000 °C) high carbon steels, without (HC0) and with Nbmicroalloying (HC1). Optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolutiontransmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were utilised for observing the microstructural constituents whereas, nanoindentationand microindentation were performed to estimate the average hardness and elastic modulus values of various phaseconstituents. It has been observed that hot deformation in the austenite region results in the formation of a dual phase-typemicrostructure consisting of fine pearlite lamella and ferrite grains with some amount of degenerated pearlite. IH at 570 °Cleads to a higher volume percentage of ferrite and coarsening of pearlite whereas, IH at 300 °C results in mixed phases comprisingbainite, a very low amount of martensite/retained austenite (M/RA), pearlite and some amount of ferrite. Hot rolledmicroalloyed steel when isothermally held near the Psresults in a significant enhancement of ductility than hot rolled andair-cooled condition while sacrificing tensile strength marginally, which may be attributed to a higher percentage of ferriteand refinement of pearlite due to Nb addition. The estimated yield strength values correlate well with those experimentalyield strength values, but a little discrepancy has been noticed for the ultimate tensile strength values. Possible interpretationsare suggested in this paper.

      • KCI등재

        Maximum Scour Depth at Piers in Armor-Beds

        Rajkumar V. Raikar,Subhasish Dey 대한토목학회 2009 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.13 No.2

        The paper presents a design method to determine the maximum equilibrium scour depth at piers embedded in a sand-bed overlain by a thin armor-layer of gravels using the experimental data of Dey and Raikar and those of Ettema. The proposed equation is in terms of empirical relationships, termed K-factors, which account for the effects of flow depth, pier shape, flow intensity, bed sediment size and armor gravel size on scour depth for individual cases of scour holes as identified by Dey and Raikar. These Kfactors are determined by fitting envelope curves to the experimental data. The estimated largest possible scour depths that can occur at circular and square piers with an armor-layer are 3.15 and 3.47 times the pier width, respectively. The paper presents a design method to determine the maximum equilibrium scour depth at piers embedded in a sand-bed overlain by a thin armor-layer of gravels using the experimental data of Dey and Raikar and those of Ettema. The proposed equation is in terms of empirical relationships, termed K-factors, which account for the effects of flow depth, pier shape, flow intensity, bed sediment size and armor gravel size on scour depth for individual cases of scour holes as identified by Dey and Raikar. These Kfactors are determined by fitting envelope curves to the experimental data. The estimated largest possible scour depths that can occur at circular and square piers with an armor-layer are 3.15 and 3.47 times the pier width, respectively.

      • KCI등재

        Application of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline-Assisted Objective Function on Optimization of Heat Transfer Rate Around a Cylinder

        Prasenjit Dey,Ajoy K. Das 한국원자력학회 2016 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.48 No.6

        The present study aims to predict the heat transfer characteristics around a square cylinderwith different corner radii using multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). Further, the MARS-generated objective function is optimized by particle swarm optimization. The data for the prediction are taken from the recently published article by thepresent authors [P. Dey, A. Sarkar, A.K. Das, Development of GEP and ANN model to predictthe unsteady forced convection over a cylinder, Neural Comput. Appl. (2015) 1-13]. Further,the MARS model is compared with artificial neural network and gene expression programming. It has been found that the MARS model is very efficient in predicting the heattransfer characteristics. It has also been found that MARS is more efficient than artificialneural network and gene expression programming in predicting the forced convectiondata, and also particle swarm optimization can efficiently optimize the heat transfer rate.

      • KCI등재

        A Realistic Approach Towards Solution of Load Frequency Control Problem in Interconnected Power Systems

        Dey Prasenjit,Saha Anulekha,Srimannarayana Poluri,Bhattacharya Aniruddha,Marungsri Boonruang 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.2

        This paper attempts to identify the diff erent issues related to frequency oscillations in power systems and off ers newer and reliable approach to mitigate them. Load frequency control (LFC) is important to identify the error pertaining to tie-line power exchange in multi-area power systems. A practical system calls for a robust LFC system to handle variations of diff erent parameters owing to load variations. Classical LFC models available in the literature approaches this LFC problem based only on turbine inputs and swing equation and does not consider other important parameters such as stator currents, fi eld voltages, damper winding voltages and network equations etc., which renders the existing models impractical. This paper introduces detailed model using equation based LFC that considers the above parameters and has been implemented on both single and multi-area power systems for validation. For multi-area interconnected power system network, LFC is introduced considering area interchange control (AIC) concept. Integral (I), Integral derivative (ID) and proportional integral derivative (PID), controllers are used to mitigate the frequency oscillations as well as tie-line power deviation between diff erent areas. Three diff erent meta-heuristic algorithms, namely: Salp swarm algorithms (SSA), Grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), Collective decision optimization algorithm (CDO) have been employed to tune the controller parameters and their results have been compared. To make the analysis much more relevant to practical systems, diff erent load perturbations are also considered i.e. low, medium, and heavy load perturbation. Results obtained demonstrate the effi ciency of the proposed approach with SSA giving the best tuned parameters for the controllers studied

      • SCOPUSKCI등재
      • SCIESCOPUSKCI등재

        Influence of Condensed Tannins from Ficus bengalensis Leaves on Feed Utilization, Milk Production and Antioxidant Status of Crossbred Cows

        Dey, Avijit,De, Partha Sarathi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.3

        This study was conducted to examine the effects of condensed tannins (CT) from Ficus bengalensis leaves on the feed utilization, milk production and health status of crossbred cows. Eighteen crossbred dairy cows at their second and mid lactation (avg. BW $351.6{\pm}10.6$ kg) were randomly divided into two groups of nine each in a completely randomized block design and fed two iso-nitrogenous supplements formulated to contain 0% and 1.5% CT through dried and ground leaves of Ficus bengalensis. The diets were designated as CON and FBLM, respectively and fed to cows with a basal diet of rice straw to meet requirements for maintenance and milk production. The daily milk yield was significantly (p<0.05) increased due to supplementation of FBLM diet. The 4% fat corrected milk yield was also significantly (p<0.01) higher due to increased (p<0.05) milk fat in cows under diet FBLM as compared to CON. The inclusion of CT at 1.5% in the supplement did not interfere with the feed intake or digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, and ADF by lactating cows. Digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) values of the composite diets were comparable between the groups. The blood biochemical parameters remained unaltered except significantly (p<0.05) lowered serum urea concentration in cows fed FBLM diet. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in cows supplemented with condensed tannins. The total thiol group (T-SH) was found to be higher with reduction in lipid peroxidation (LPO) in cows of FBLM group. The cost of feeding per kg milk production was also reduced due to supplementation of Ficus bengalensis leaves. Therefore, a perceptible positive impact was evident on milk production and antioxidant status in crossbred cows during mid-lactation given supplement containing 1.5% CT through Ficus bengalensis leaves.

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        Anilinolysis of Diphenyl Thiophosphinic Chloride and Theoretical Studies on Various R<sub>1</sub>R<sub>2</sub>P(O or S)Cl

        Dey, Nilay Kumar,Han, In-Suk,Lee, Hai-Whang Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.11

        The aminolysis of diphenyl thiophosphinic chloride (2) with substituted anilines in acetonitrile at 55.0 oC is investigated kinetically. Kinetic results yield large Hammett ρX (ρnuc = ?3.97) and Bronsted βX (βnuc = 1.40) values. A concerted mechanism involving a partial frontside nucleophilic attack through a hydrogen-bonded, four-center type transition state is proposed on the basis of the primary normal kinetic isotope effects (kH/kD = 1.0-1.1) with deuterated aniline (XC6H4ND2) nucleophiles. The natural bond order charges on P and the degrees of distortion of 42 compounds: chlorophosphates [(R1O)(R2O)P(=O)Cl], chlorothiophosphates [(R1O)(R2O)P(=S)Cl], phosphonochloridates [(R1O)R2P(=O)Cl], phosphonochlorothioates [(R1O)R2P(=S)Cl], chlorophosphinates [R1R2P(=O)Cl], and chlorothiophosphinates [R1R2P(=S)Cl] are calculated at the B3LYP/ 6-311+G(d,p) level in the gas phase.

      • SCOPUSKCI등재
      • SCOPUSKCI등재
      • KCI등재

        Identification and Characterization of a Novel Antibacterial Peptide, Avian β-Defensin 2 from Ducks

        Deying Ma,Ruiqin Wang,Wenyan Liao,Zongxi Han,Shengwang Liu 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.5

        In this study, a novel avian β-defensin (AvBD) was isolated from duck pancreas. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene contained an 195 bp open reading frame encoding 64 amino acids. Homology, characterization and comparison of the gene with AvBD from other avian species confirmed that it was duck AvBD2. The mRNA expression of the gene was analyzed in 17 tissues from 21-day-old ducks. AvBD2 was highly expressed in the trachea, crop, heart, bone marrow, and pancreas; moderately expressed in the muscular stomach, small intestine, kidney, spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius; and weakly expressed in skin. We produced and purified recombinant AvBD2 by expressing the gene in Escherichia coli. As expected, the recombinant peptide exhibited strong bactericidal properties against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pasteurella multocida, and weak bactericidal properties against E. coli and Salmonella choleraesuis. In addition, the recombinant protein retained antimicrobial activity against S. aureus under different temperatures (range, -20°C to 100°C) and pH values (range, 3 to 12).

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