Ultrastructural observations of Beauveria bassiana infection in Xylotrechus rusticus larvae

Jun‐Nan Ding,De-Fu CHI 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.3

In the present study we investigated the infection process of Beauveria bassiana on Xylotrechus rusticus larvae using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SEM results showed that B. bassiana spores germinated on the surface of the larval body and invaded the larva as an appressorium. The hyphae then germinated from the spores and spread throughout the larval body. After the death of the larva, conidiophores formed at one end of the hypha on the surface of the larval body and prepared for a new round of infection. The TEM results showed severe damage to the larval cuticle after hyphae infection. The structure of the cuticle became thinner and eventually flocculent; muscle tissues were dissociated and eventually stuck to the hyphae, and the corpus adiposum was loose and deformed, and eventually degraded.

Synthesis, Characterization, Luminescence and Biological Activity of Two Lanthanide Complexes Involving Mixed Ligands

De-Yun Ma,Hai-Fu Guo,Liang Qin,Jun Xu 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.9

Two new isostructural dinuclear complexes, Ln2(4-cpa)6(bpy)2 (Ln = Eu (1); Tb (2), 4-cpa = 4-chlorophenylacetate, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The lanthanide ions are bridged by two bidentate and two terdentate carboxylate groups to give centrosymmetric dimers with Ln···Ln separations of 3.967(2) and 3.956(3) Å, respectively. Each metal atom is nine-coordinate and exhibits a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra show that both 1 and 2 emit bright red and green luminescence at room temperature, with long lifetimes of up to 0.369 ms (at 614 nm) and 0.432 ms (at 543 nm), respectively. Moreover, poor luminescence efficiency has been noted for complex 2. The 4-Hcpa ligand and complexes 1-2 have been screened for their phytogrowthinhibitory activities against Brassica napus L. and Echinochloa crusgalli L., and the results are compared with the activity of quizalofop-P-ethyl.

Synthesis, Characterization, Luminescence and Biological Activity of Two Lanthanide Complexes Involving Mixed Ligands

Ma, De-Yun,Guo, Hai-Fu,Qin, Liang,Xu, Jun Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.9

Two new isostructural dinuclear complexes, $Ln_2(4-cpa)_6(bpy)_2$ (Ln = Eu (1); Tb (2), 4-cpa = 4-chlorophenylacetate, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The lanthanide ions are bridged by two bidentate and two terdentate carboxylate groups to give centrosymmetric dimers with $Ln{\cdots}Ln$ separations of 3.967(2) and 3.956(3) ${\AA}$, respectively. Each metal atom is nine-coordinate and exhibits a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra show that both 1 and 2 emit bright red and green luminescence at room temperature, with long lifetimes of up to 0.369 ms (at 614 nm) and 0.432 ms (at 543 nm), respectively. Moreover, poor luminescence efficiency has been noted for complex 2. The 4-Hcpa ligand and complexes 1-2 have been screened for their phytogrowth-inhibitory activities against Brassica napus L. and Echinochloa crusgalli L., and the results are compared with the activity of quizalofop-P-ethyl.

Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Jasmine Scented Tea during the Orthodox Manufacturing Process Using HS-SPME/GC-MS

Jian Lu,De-Jun Fu,Dong-Fen Wu,Yu Liu,Yao-Ping Luo 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.- No.S

Volatile components of jasmine-scented tea during the orthodox manufacturing process were extracted using Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and the major flavor compounds were identified by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/Retention indices (GC-MS/RI). The major volatile compounds extracted by SDE could also be obtained by HS-SPME, which appears more suitable for extraction of aromatic compounds, for its advantages of simplicity and convenience. The GC-MS chromatograms of tea samples showed that the aromatic constituents of jasmine tea had been identified in composition after 1st scenting, which contained 6 apparently high peaks representing linalool, benzyl acetate, α-farnesene, (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate, methyl anthranilate, and indole. According to the change of peak area of major volatile compounds, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate with green grass aroma reduced by 71.13% and 63.10% respectively in jasmine tea product, while 7 compounds with favorable flowery fruity aroma-benzyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate, linalool, benzyl alcohol, α-farnesene, methyl anthranilate and indole- increased by 17.84%, 28.33 times, 32.49%, 1.70 times, 6.67 times, 11.84 times and 21.48 times respectively, comparing to the base tea. Besides, nerolidol (fruity-flowery) and germacrene D (woody), not detected in the base tea also gradually increased. The quality grade of jasmine tea was potentially correlated to the ratio of peak area of the 9 favorable compounds to that of the 2 grass compounds. After 1st scenting, the peak areas of compounds from jasmine flower increased by 1.81×105-18.24×105, and decreased by 36.14%-69.95% after the 1st drying. The peak areas of some components detected in both the base tea and jasmine flowers, like (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and methyl salicylate, increased by 9.05%-57.60% of those of the base tea after 1st scenting, and lost more than 100% after the 1st drying, while the increased peak areas of some other components both detected, like α-farnesene and indole, were more than peak areas of the base tea, with 30%- 95% loss after the 1st drying. The content change tendency of volatiles during 2nd scenting and the 2nd drying were consistent with those during 1st scenting and the 1st drying. After raising fragrance, the contents of some low boiling point volatiles and compounds not detected in the base tea increased.

Increased Serotonin Signaling Contributes to the Warburg Effect in Pancreatic Tumor Cells Under Metabolic Stress and Promotes Growth of Pancreatic Tumors in Mice

Jiang, Shu-Heng,Li, Jun,Dong, Fang-Yuan,Yang, Jian-Yu,Liu, De-Jun,Yang, Xiao-Mei,Wang, Ya-Hui,Yang, Min-Wei,Fu, Xue-Liang,Zhang, Xiao-Xin,Li, Qing,Pang, Xiu-Feng,Huo, Yan-Miao,Li, Jiao,Zhang, Jun-Feng Elsevier 2017 Gastroenterology Vol.153 No.1

<P><B>Background & Aims</B></P> <P>Desmoplasia and poor vascularity cause severe metabolic stress in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Serotonin (5-HT) is a neuromodulator with neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine functions that contributes to tumorigenesis. We investigated the role of 5-HT signaling in the growth of pancreatic tumors.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We measured the levels of proteins that regulate 5-HT synthesis, packaging, and degradation in pancreata from Kras<SUP>G12D/+</SUP>/Trp53<SUP>R172H/+</SUP>/Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice, which develop pancreatic tumors, as well as in PDAC cell lines and a tissue microarray containing 81 human PDAC samples. We also analyzed expression levels of proteins involved in 5-HT synthesis and degradation by immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray containing 311 PDAC specimens, and associated expression levels with patient survival times. 5-HT level in 14 matched PDAC tumor and non-tumor tissues were analyzed by ELISA. PDAC cell lines were incubated with 5-HT and cell survival and apoptosis were measured. We analyzed expression of the 5-HT receptor HTR2B in PDAC cells and effects of receptor agonists and antagonists, as well as HTR2B knockdown with small hairpin RNAs. We determined the effects of 5-HT stimulation on gene expression profiles of BxPC-3 cells. Regulation of glycolysis by 5-HT signaling via HTR2B was assessed by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analyses, as well as by determination of the extracellular acid ratio, glucose consumption, and lactate production. Primary PDACs, with or without exposure to SB204741 (a selective antagonist of HTR2B), were grown as xenograft tumors in mice, and SB204741 was administered to tumor-bearing KPC mice; tumor growth and metabolism were measured by imaging analyses.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray of PDAC specimens, increased levels of TPH1 and decreased level of MAOA, which regulate 5-HT synthesis and degradation, correlated with stage and size of PDACs and shorter patient survival time. We found levels of 5-HT to be increased in human PDAC tissues compared with non-tumor pancreatic tissues, and PDAC cell lines compared with non-transformed pancreatic cells. Incubation of PDAC cell lines with 5-HT increased proliferation and prevented apoptosis. Agonists of HTR2B, but not other 5-HT receptors, promoted proliferation and prevented apoptosis of PDAC cells. Knockdown of HTR2B in PDAC cells, or incubation of cells with HTR2B inhibitors, reduced their growth as xenograft tumors in mice. We observed a correlation between 5-HT and glycolytic flux in PDAC cells; levels of metabolic enzymes involved in glycolysis, the phosphate pentose pathway, and hexosamine biosynthesis pathway increased significantly in PDAC cells following 5-HT stimulation. 5-HT stimulation led to formation of the HTR2B–LYN–p85 complex, which increased PI3K–Akt–mTOR signaling and the Warburg effect by increasing protein levels of MYC and HIF1A. Administration of SB204741 to KPC mice slowed growth and metabolism of established pancreatic tumors and prolonged survival of the mice.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Human PDACs have increased levels of 5-HT, and PDAC cells increase expression of its receptor, HTR2B. These increases allow for tumor glycolysis under metabolic stress and promote growth of pancreatic tumors and PDAC xenograft tumors in mice.</P>

Pathological Impact on the Phyllosphere Microbiota of Artemisia argyi by Haze

( Yu-zhu Zhang ),( De-yu Jiang ),( Chi Zhang ),( Kun Yang ),( Huai-fu Wang ),( Xiu-wen Xia ),( Wei-jun Ding ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.4

The pathological impact of haze upon the phyllosphere microbiota awaits investigation. A moderate degree of haze environment and a clean control were selected in Chengdu, China. Artemisia argyi, a ubiquitously distributed and extensively applied Chinese herb, was also chosen for experiment. Total genome DNA was extracted from leaf samples, and for metagenome sequencing, an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform was applied. The results showed that the gene numbers of phyllosphere microbiota derived from haze leaves were lower than those of the clean control. The phyllosphere microbiota derived from both haze and clean groups shared the same top ten phyla; the abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes and Anorthococcuso of the haze group were substantially increased, while Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes decreased. At the genus level, the abundances of Nocardia, Paracoccus, Marmoricola and Knoelia from haze leaves were markedly increased, while the yeasts were statistically decreased. KEGG retrieval demonstrated that the functional genes were most annotated to metabolism. An interesting find of this work is that the phyllosphere microbiota responsible for the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in A. argyi were significantly increased under a haze environment. Relatively enriched genes annotated by eggNOG belong to replication, recombination and repair, and genes classified into the glycoside hydrolase and glycosyltransferase enzymes were significantly increased. In summary, we found that both structure and function of phyllosphere microbiota are globally impacted by haze, while primary and secondary metabolites responsible for haze tolerance were considerably increased. These results suggest an adaptive strategy of plants for tolerating and confronting haze damage.

Thyroid Hormone Reference Intervals among Healthy Individuals In Lanzhou, China

Yan Lu,Wen-Xia Zhang,De-Hong Li,Lian-Hua Wei,Yu-Jun Zhang,Fu-Na Shi,Shen Zhou 대한내분비학회 2023 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.38 No.3

Background: The common reference intervals (RIs) for thyroid hormones currently used in China are provided by equipment manufacturers. This study aimed to establish thyroid hormone RIs in the population of Lanzhou, a city in the subplateau region of northwest China, and compare them with previous reports and manufacturer-provided values. Methods: In total, 3,123 individuals (1,680 men, 1,443 women) from Lanzhou, an iodine-adequate area of China, perceived ashealthy were selected. The Abbott Architect analyzer was used to determine the serum concentration of thyroid hormones. The 95%RI was estimated using the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles as the lower and upper reference limits, respectively. Results: The serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3), antithyroglobulin (ATG) antibody,and antithyroid peroxidase (ATPO) antibody levels were significantly correlated with sex (P<0.05). TSH, total thyroxine (TT4), andATPO levels were significantly correlated with age (P<0.05). The serum levels of TSH, ATG, and ATPO in men were significantlylower than in women; in contrast, the serum TT3 level was significantly higher in men than in women (P<0.05). Serum TSH, TT3,TT4, and ATG levels differed across age groups (P<0.05), but no such variation was observed for ATG levels (P>0.05). The established RIs of TSH, ATG, and ATPO in this study differed between sexes (P<0.05). The thyroid hormone RIs established herein wereinconsistent with the manufacturer-provided values. Conclusion: The RIs of thyroid hormones in the healthy population of Lanzhou were inconsistent with those in the manufacturer’smanual. Validated sex-specific values are required for diagnosing thyroid diseases.

Risk Factors for Anxiety in Major Depressive Disorder Patients

Li-Min Xin,Lin Chen,Zhen-Peng Ji,Suo-Yuan Zhang,Jun Wang,Yan-Hong Liu,Da-Fang Chen,Fu-De Yang,Gang Wang,Yi-Ru Fang,Zheng Lu,Hai-Chen Yang,Jian Hu,Zhi-Yu Chen,Yi Huang,Jing Sun,Xiao-Ping Wang,Hui-Chun 대한정신약물학회 2015 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.13 No.3

Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic and clinical factors related to anxiety in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: This study involved a secondary analysis of data obtained from the Diagnostic Assessment Service for People with Bipolar Disorders in China (DASP), which was initiated by the Chinese Society of Psychiatry (CSP) and conducted from September 1, 2010 to February 28, 2011. Based on the presence or absence of anxiety-related characteristics, 1,178 MDD patients were classified as suffering from anxious depression (n=915) or non-anxious depression (n=263), respectively. Results: Compared with the non-anxious group, the anxious-depression group had an older age at onset (t=−4.39, p<0.001), were older (t=−4.69, p<0.001), reported more lifetime depressive episodes (z=−3.24, p=0.001), were more likely to experience seasonal depressive episodes (χ2=6.896, p=0.009) and depressive episodes following stressful life events (χ2=59.350, p <0.001), and were more likely to have a family history of psychiatric disorders (χ2=6.091, p=0.014). Their positive and total scores on the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and the 32-item Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) (p<0.05) were also lower. The logistic regression analysis indicated that age (odds ratio [OR]=1.03, p<0.001), a lower total MDQ score (OR=0.94, p=0.011), depressive episodes following stressful life events (OR=3.04, p<0.001), and seasonal depressive episodes (OR=1.75, p=0.039) were significantly associated with anxious depression. Conclusion: These findings indicate that older age, fewer subclinical bipolar features, an increased number of depressive episodes following stressful life events, and seasonal depressive episodes may be risk factors for anxiety-related characteristics in patients with MDD.